1、Designation: A 859/A 859M 04 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Specification forAge-Hardening Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure VesselComponents1This standard is issued under the fixed designationA 859/A 859M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the
2、 case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers requirements for low-carbonage-hardening nickel-copper-chromi
3、um-molybdenum-columbium alloy steel forgings for pressure vessel compo-nents.1.2 Forgings under this specification are available as GradesA or B. Grade A may be ordered in one or two classes asfollows:1.2.1 Grade A Class 1Normalized-and-precipitation-heat-treated, providing a minimum yield strength
4、of 55 ksi 380MPa and a minimum tensile strength of 65 ksi 450 MPa.1.2.2 Grade A Class 2Quenched-and-precipitation-heat-treated, providing a minimum yield strength of 65 ksi 450MPa and a minimum tensile strength of 75 ksi MPa.1.2.3 Grade A was the original steel composition in thisspecification.1.3 A
5、lthough the material is readily weldable, weldingprocedures are of fundamental importance and must be such asnot to affect adversely the properties of the material, especiallyin the heat-affected zone. It is presupposed that weldingprocedures will be suitable for the material being welded.1.4 Supple
6、mentary requirements, including those applicablein Specification A 788/A 788M, are provided for use whenadditional testing or inspection is desired. These shall applyonly when specified individually by the purchaser in the order.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be r
7、egarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.6 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound and
8、SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable“M” specification designation SI units, the material shall befurnished to inch-pound units.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 275/A 275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examinationof Steel ForgingsA 370 Test Methods and Definitions
9、 for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA 388/A 388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination ofSteel ForgingsA 788/A 788M Specification for Steel Forgings, GeneralRequirementsE 208 Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test toDetermine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of FerriticSteelsE 604 Test Me
10、thod for Dynamic Tear Testing of MetallicMaterials2.2 ASME Standard:3ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel CodeSection IX,Welding Qualifications3. Ordering Information and General Requirements3.1 In addition to the ordering information required bySpecification A 788/A 788M, the purchaser shall include wit
11、hthe inquiry and order a detailed drawing, sketch, or writtendescription of the forging and the method of selecting testlocation (see 6.3). When appropriate, the areas of significantloading in the forging shall be designated.3.2 Material supplied to this specification shall conform tothe requirement
12、s of Specification A 788/A 788M, which out-lines additional ordering information, manufacturing require-ments, testing and retesting methods and procedures, marking,1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct respo
13、nsibility of SubcommitteeA01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.Current edition approved April 1, 2009. Published April 2009. Originallyapproved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as A 859/A 859M 04.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Custo
14、mer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 E. 47th St.,New York, NY 10017.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO B
15、ox C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.certification, product analysis variations, and additional supple-mentary requirements.3.3 If the requirements of this specification are in conflictwith the requirements of Specification A 788/A 788M, therequirements of this specification shal
16、l prevail.4. Manufacture4.1 Melting PracticeThe steel shall be made to a killed,fine austenitic grain size, practice.4.1.1 Vacuum degassing in accordance with SpecificationA 788/A 788M is highly recommended.4.2 Heat Treatment:4.2.1 Normalizing may, at the manufacturers option, pre-cede the prescribe
17、d heat treatment cycle.4.2.2 Grade A Class 1 forgings shall be normalized at atemperature in the range from 1600 to 1725F 870 to 940Cand then precipitation hardened in the range from 1000 to1225F 540 to 665C for a time to be determined by thematerial manufacturer.4.2.3 Grade A Class 2 forgings shall
18、 be liquid quenchedfrom a temperature in the range from 1600 to 1725F 870 to940C and then precipitation hardened in the range from 1000to 1225F 540 to 665C for a time to be determined by thematerial manufacturer.4.2.4 Grade B forgings shall be double quenched andtempered (liquid quenched twice) by a
19、ustenitizing twice at atemperature in the range of 1600 to 1725F 870 to 940C, andthen precipitation hardened at a temperature in the range of1000 to 1300F 540 to 700C for a time to be determined bythe manufacturer.5. Chemical Composition5.1 Heat AnalysisThe heat analysis obtained from sam-pling in a
20、ccordance with Specification A 788/A 788M shallcomply with Table 1.5.2 Product AnalysisThe purchaser may use the productanalysis provision of Specification A 788/A 788M to obtain aproduct analysis from a forging representing each heat ormultiple heat.6. Mechanical Requirements Mechanical Requirement
21、s6.1 Tensile RequirementsThe forgings, as represented bythe tension test specimens, shall conform to the requirementsof Table 2. The largest obtainable tension test specimen asspecified in Test Methods and Definitions A 370 shall be used.6.2 Notch Toughness Requirements:6.2.1 For Grade A, Class 1 or
22、 2 forgings, unless Supple-mentary Requirement S6 is specified, the Charpy impact testresults shall conform to the requirements of Table 3. One set ofthree specimens shall be removed from each specimen locationas specified in 6.3. The supplier may select a test temperaturecolder than that specified
23、in the order, but in any case, theactual test temperature shall be reported with the test results.6.2.2 For Grade B forgings two sets of Charpy impactspecimens shall be removed from each test specimen locationas specified in 6.3 and shall conform to the requirements ofTable 3.6.2.3 Full-size, 10 by
24、10 mm, Charpy V-notch specimensshall be used unless the material thickness or configurationmakes it impossible to obtain full-size specimens. If the use ofsub-size specimens is necessary, the largest standard sub-sizespecimen it is possible to obtain shall be used.6.2.4 The acceptance values for sub
25、-size specimens shall bereduced in direct ratio to the reduction of specimen width.6.3 SamplingThe longitudinal axis and the mid-length oftension and impact test specimens shall be positioned inaccordance with one of the following methods as specified bythe purchaser:6.3.1 Method 1This method shall
26、always be used whenthe maximum as-heat-treated thickness does not exceed 2 in.50 mm. Specimens shall be located in the production forgingor test forging (as described in Method 4) at mid-thickness andat least 2 in. 50 mm from other as-heat-treated surfaces.6.3.2 Method 2T by 2T, where T is the dista
27、nce from thearea of significant loading (see 3.1) to the nearest as-heat-treated surface. However, the specimen shall not be nearer toone as-heat-treated surface than34 in. 20 mm and not nearerthan 112 in. 40 mm to a second as-heat-treated surface. Whenthis method of testing is employed, forgings ar
28、e usuallyTABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsComposition, %Element Grade A Grade BCarbon 0.07 max 0.020.04Manganese 0.400.70 0.751.05Phosphorus, max 0.025 0.015Sulfur, max 0.025 0.002Silicon, max 0.40 0.40Chromium 0.600.90 0.450.75Nickel 0.701.00 3.353.85Molybdenum 0.150.25 0.550.65Copper 1.001.30 1.151.75
29、Columbium 0.02 min 0.020.06Vanadium max . 0.008Aluminum max . 0.03Titanium max . 0.003Tin max . 0.03Arsenic max . 0.025Antimony max . 0.025Nitrogen . reportA 859/A 859M 04 (2009)2manufactured in accordance with a purchaser-approved draw-ing showing pre-heat-treatment dimensions and the location ofte
30、st specimens.6.3.3 Method 314 T by T, where T is the maximumthickness of the forging as-heat-treated. When this method oftesting is employed for Class 2, the maximum as-heat-treatedthickness shall not exceed 8 in. 200 mm unless otherwiseagreed.6.3.4 Method 4Test specimens shall be taken from arepres
31、entative separate test forging or bar made from the sameheat of steel that shall receive substantially the same reductionand type of hot working as the production forgings which itrepresents; except that a longitudinally forged bar may be usedto represent a rolled ring of similar cross section. It s
32、hall be ofthe same nominal thickness as the as-heat-treated productionforgings and shall be heat treated in the same furnace chargeand under the same conditions as the production forgings. Testspecimens shall be removed using the14 T by T procedurereferenced in Method 3 with the same limitation on f
33、orgingthickness as in 6.3.3. This method shall be limited to forgingswith a rough machined weight of not more than 1000 lb 500kg.6.4 Metal BuffersThe required distances from as-heat-treated surfaces may be obtained with metal buffers instead ofintegral extensions. Buffer material may be carbon or lo
34、w-alloysteel and shall be joined to the forging with a partial penetra-tion weld that seals the buffered surface. Specimens shall belocated at least12 in. 13 mm from the buffered surface of theforging. Buffers shall be removed and the welded areassubjected to magnetic particle test to ensure freedom
35、 fromcracks unless the welded areas are completely removed bysubsequent machining.6.5 Samples shall be removed from forgings after heattreatment. The sample material shall be subjected to a simu-lated post-weld heat-treatment if Supplementary RequirementS1 is specified.6.6 OrientationFor upset disk
36、forgings, the longitudinalaxis of all test specimens shall be oriented in the tangentialdirection. For all other forgings, the longitudinal axis of thespecimens shall be oriented in the direction of maximumworking of the forging unless Supplementary RequirementsS11 or S14 are imposed.6.7 Number of T
37、ests:6.7.1 Forgings Under 500 lb 250 kg As-Heat-TreatedFor duplicate forgings weighing less than 500 lb 250 kgas-heat-treated, one tension test and one impact test (threespecimens) shall be made to represent each heat in eachheat-treatment charge. When heat-treatment is performed incontinuous-type f
38、urnaces with suitable temperature control andequipped with recording pyrometers so that complete heat-treatment records are available, a heat-treatment charge shallbe considered as any continuous run not exceeding any 8-hduration.6.7.2 Forgings Weighing 500 to 10 000 lb 250 to 5000 kgAs-Heat-Treated
39、One tension and one impact test (threespecimens) shall be made for each forging.6.7.3 Each forging weighing over 10 000 lb 5000 kg shallrequire two tension tests and two impact tests, located atopposite ends if the length, excluding test prolongations,exceeds 80 in. 2000 mm, or located 180 apart for
40、 shorterlength forgings.7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance7.1 The forgings shall conform to the dimensions specifiedby the purchaser. The finishes shall permit adequate visualinspection for surface imperfections. If a dimension variesfrom that specified, the forging may be offered to the purchas
41、erfor acceptance.8. Repair Welding8.1 Repair welding of forgings shall be permitted only withthe approval of the purchaser.8.2 Preparation for repair welding shall include inspectionto ensure complete removal of the defect.8.3 Repairs shall be made using welding procedures quali-fied in accordance w
42、ith ASME Boiler and Pressure VesselCode Section IX and repair welding shall be done by weldersor welding operators meeting the qualification requirements ofthat code.9. Test Reports9.1 A test report shall be furnished and shall includecertification that the material was manufactured and tested inacc
43、ordance with this specification. The report shall include theTABLE 2 Tensile RequirementsProperty Grade AClass 1Grade AClass 2Grade BYield strength 0.2% offset ksi MPa 55 380 min 65 450 min 100115 690800Tensile Strength ksi MPa 6585 450585 7595 515650 105 725 minElongation in 2 in. or 50 mm % min 20
44、 20 16Reduction of Area % min 45 45 45TABLE 3 Charpy Impact RequirementsGrade AClass150F 45CGrade AClass250F 45CGrade B0F 18CGrade B120F -85CTest Average, ft/lb JA20 27 20 27 80 110 60 80Minimum single value, ft/lb J 15 20 15 20 75 100 55 75ANot more than one specimen from a set may be below this va
45、lue.A 859/A 859M 04 (2009)3results of all required tests, including heat analysis, mechanicaltest results, the type of heat treatment, and the test samplingmethod.10. Keywords10.1 precipitation hardening steel; pressure containingparts; pressure vessel service; steel forgingsalloySUPPLEMENTARY REQUI
46、REMENTSOne or more of the following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified by thepurchaser on the order. Details of these supplementary requirements shall be agreed upon by themanufacturer and purchaser.S1. Simulated Post-Weld Heat Treatment of MechanicalTest CouponsS1.1 All test
47、 coupons shall be subjected to single or multipleheat treatments at subcritical temperatures prior to testing.Such treatments are intended to simulate post-weld or otherthermal treatments to which the forgings will be subjectedduring subsequent fabrication. The purchaser shall furnish themanufacture
48、r with details of the desired heat treatment for thetest coupons, including temperatures, times, and cooling rates.S2. Ultrasonic ExaminationS2.1 The forgings shall be ultrasonically examined in ac-cordance with the procedures of Practice A 388/A 388M.S2.1.1 Longitudinal Wave Test:S2.1.1.1 Unless ot
49、herwise specified, the back-reflectionmethod of tuning shall be used in accordance with 7.2.2.1 ofPractice A 388/A 388M.S2.1.1.2 In addition to the reportable conditions of Section8 of Practice A 388/A 388M, indications exceeding the result-ant back reflection shall be recorded.S2.1.1.3 The following conditions are subject to rejection:(a) Complete loss of back reflection accompanied by anindication of a discontinuity. For thi
