1、Designation: A 881/A881M 05Standard Specification forSteel Wire, Deformed, Stress-Relieved or Low-Relaxation forPrestressed Concrete Railroad Ties1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 881/A881M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption
2、or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers uncoated, deformed, stress-relieved, and stress-r
3、elieved low-relaxation wire for use asprestressed tendons in concrete railroad ties.1.2 The values stated in either-inch-pound units or SI unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, theinch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The values statedin each system are not exact equi
4、valents; therefore, eachsystem must be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues for the two systems may result in non-conformance withthe specification.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA 421/A 421M Specificat
5、ion for Uncoated Stress-RelievedSteel Wire for Prestressed Concrete2.2 U.S. Military Standards:MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage3MIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Products, Preparation for Ship-ment and Storage32.3 U.S. Federal Standard:Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)33. Term
6、inology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 deformed steel wire for railroad ties, na deformed,uncoated steel stress-relieved or low-relaxation wire intendedfor use as reinforcement in prestressed concrete railroad ties,the wire surface having deformations that reduce longitudina
7、lmovement of the wire in such construction, and conform to theprovisions of Section 7.3.1.2 low-relaxation wire, nindented cold-drawn wire,straightened, that receives a suitable continuous thermo-mechanical treatment as the last operation to produce theproperties listed.3.1.3 stress-relieved wire, n
8、indented cold-drawn wire,straightened, that receives a suitable continuous thermal treat-ment as a last operation to produce the properties listed.4. Ordering Information4.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specifyall requirements that are necessary for material ordered to thisspec
9、ification. Such requirements shall include, but are notlimited to, the following:4.1.1 Quantity (mass weight),4.1.2 Name of material (deformed steel stress-relieved orlow-relaxation wire for prestressed concrete railroad ties),4.1.3 Grade (see Table 1),4.1.4 Nominal diameter,4.1.5 Packaging,4.1.6 St
10、ress-relieved or low relaxation,4.1.7 ASTM designation and year of issue, and4.1.8 Special requirements, if any.NOTE 1A typical ordering description is as follows: 23 000 kg (50000 lb) Grade 235, deformed stress-relieved steel wire for prestressedconcrete railroad ties. 5.03-mm (0.198-in.) diameter
11、wire in approximately550-kg (1200-lb) coils, ASTM A 881/A 881M-_.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 The steel shall be made by the basic-oxygen, open-hearth, or electric-furnace process.5.2 The base metal shall be carbon steel of such quality thatwhen drawn and stress relieved, or thermo-mechanicallytr
12、eated at a suitable wire size, shall have the properties andcharacteristics prescribed in the specification.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.05 on Steel Reinforcement.C
13、urrent edition approved May 1, 2005. Published May 2005. Originallyapproved in 1990 . Last previous edition approved in 2002 as A 881/A 881M 02.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards v
14、olume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 10
15、0 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6. Mechanical Property Requirements Mechanical PropertyRequirements6.1 GeneralDeformed wire shall be supplied in coils tothe specified mechanical properties in Table 1. It shall bepermissible to furnish nominal diamete
16、rs of wire not specifi-cally itemized in this specification provided that the strength isdefined and they conform otherwise to the requirements of thisspecification.6.2 Breaking StrengthThe minimum breaking strength ofthe deformed wire shall conform to the requirements of Table1. Other values of bre
17、aking strength and nominal diameters canbe specified if shown by test that the strength exceeds thatspecified. The tension test shall be made in accordance withTest Methods A 370.6.3 Load at 1 % ExtensionThe load at 1 % extension shallbe at least 85 % of the minimum specified breaking strength forst
18、ress relieved and 90 % for stress-relieved low-relaxation wirewhen tested in accordance with Test Methods A 370.6.4 ElongationThe percent elongation after fracture on a250-mm (10-in.) gage length shall be 3.0 % minimum.6.5 Bend TestThe deformed wire shall withstand beingbent through 90 without crack
19、ing on the outside of the bentportion when bent around a pin, the diameter of which is twotimes the nominal diameter of the specified wire size.6.6 RelaxationIf required, relaxation evidence shall beprovided from records of tests on similar dimensioned wire ofthe same grade. Tests to satisfy this re
20、quirement shall complywith the conditions of Supplementary Requirement S6 ofSpecification A 421/A 421M. The relaxation losses are not toexceed the limits specified in Table 2.7. Requirements for Deformations7.1 DeformationsDeformations shall be in two or morelines spaced uniformly around the wire an
21、d one line ofdeformations may be inclined in the opposite direction to theother(s). The deformations shall be placed in respect to the axisof the wire so that the included angle is not less than 45, asshown in Fig. 1. Pitch and shape shall be as consistent aspossible, with not more than 10 % being m
22、alformed in any 600mm (2 ft) length of wire, judged visually.7.2 TypeTwo acceptable types of deformed wire areshown in Fig. 1(a) and (b), with dimensions in Table 3.7.3 OptionsOther types of deformed wire are permittedby agreement, provided the wire is comparable with theaccepted types in mechanical
23、 properties and bond with con-crete.8. Permissible Variation in Dimensions8.1 The diameter of the deformed wire shall not vary fromthe nominal diameter by more than 60.08 mm (60.003 in.).8.2 The deformed wire shall not be out-of-round by morethan 0.08 mm (0.003 in.). (Measured at maximum indent.)9.
24、Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance9.1 The wire shall be free of kinks.9.2 The wire shall be furnished in firmly tied coils. Each coilshall be of one continuous length.9.3 There shall be no welds or joints in the finished wire.Any welds or joints made during manufacture to promotecontinuity of opera
25、tions shall be removed.9.4 Cast (Curvature)The curvature of the wire shall belarge enough to suit the purchaser but shall normally be 75 mm(3 in.) maximum offset on a chord 1.8 m (6 ft) long.9.5 The wire shall not be oiled or greased and must beessentially free of residual wire-drawing lubricants. S
26、lightrusting, providing it is not sufficient to cause pits visible to theunaided eye, shall not be cause for rejection.10. Sampling10.1 Unless otherwise agreed upon between the manufac-turer and the purchaser, one test specimen shall be taken fromeach ten coils or less in a lot (see Note 2) and test
27、ed todetermine compliance with 6.2 to 6.5 and deformation dimen-sions.NOTE 2The term “lot” means all the coils of wire of the same nominalwire diameter contained in an individual shipping release or shippingorder.11. Inspection11.1 The purchaser shall state, at the time of order, whetheroutside insp
28、ection is required or waived. If outside inspectionTABLE 1 Breaking Strength RequirementsWireGradeNominalDiameterBreakingStrengthNominalAreaANominal Mass(Weight), g/m(lb/1000 ft)mm (in.) kN (lbf) mm2(in.2)1550 (225) 5.03 (0.198) 30.8 (6920) 19.86 (0.0308) 155.9 (104.8)1620 (235) 5.03 (0.198) 32.2 (7
29、230) 19.86 (0.0308) 155.9 (104.8)1720 (250) 5.03 (0.198) 34.3 (7700) 19.86 (0.0308) 155.9 (104.8)1790 (260) 5.5 (0.216) 42.6 (9570) 23.7 (0.0368) 187.4 (126.0)AThe nominal cross-sectional area is based on the nominal diameter. The actualarea in mm2(in.2) may be calculated by dividing the mass (weigh
30、t) per linearmillimetre (in.) of the specimen in kg (lb) by 7.850 3 106kg/mm3(mass of 1 mm3of steel) (0.2836 (weight of 1 in.3of steel). The amount of variation is dependenton the shape and character of the deformations.TABLE 2 Limits of RelaxationAMaximum Percentage Relaxation of 1000 hfrom a Minim
31、um Initial Stress of70 % of MinimumTensile Strength80 % of MinimumTensile StrengthNormal stress-relieved wire 6.5 8.5Low-relaxation stress-relieved wire 2.5 3.5AThe relaxation losses are not to exceed the limits specified in Table 2. FIG. 1 Acceptable Type of Deformed WireA 881/A881M 052is required,
32、 the manufacturer shall afford the inspector repre-senting the purchaser all reasonable facilities to satisfy him thatthe material is being furnished in accordance with this speci-fication. All tests and inspections shall be made at the place ofmanufacture prior to shipment, unless otherwise agreed
33、upon atthe time of purchase, and shall be so conducted as not tointerfere unnecessarily with the operation of the works.12. Rejection12.1 In case a test specimen fails to meet any requirement ofthis specification, two additional tests shall be made onsamples of wire from the same coil and if failure
34、 occurs ineither of these tests, the coil shall be rejected.12.2 Unless otherwise specified, any rejection based on testsmade in accordance with this specification shall be reported tothe manufacturer within a reasonable length of time.13. Certification13.1 When specified in the purchase order or co
35、ntract, themanufacturers or suppliers certification shall be furnished tothe purchaser stating that samples representing each lot havebeen manufactured, tested, and inspected in accordance withthis specification and the requirements have been met. Thecertification shall include the specification num
36、ber, year-dateof issue, and revision letter, if any. When specified in thepurchase order or contract, a report of the test results shall befurnished.13.2 A material test report, certificate of inspection, orsimilar document printed from or used in electronic form froman electronic data interchange (
37、EDI) transmission shall beregarded as having the same validity as a counterpart printed inthe certifiers facility. The content of the EDI transmitteddocument must meet the requirements of the invoked ASTMstandard(s) and conform to any existing EDI agreement be-tween the purchaser and the supplier. N
38、otwithstanding theabsence of a signature, the organization submitting the EDItransmission is responsible for the content of the report.NOTE 3The industry definition as invoked here is: EDI is thecomputer-to-computer exchange of business information in a standardformat such as ANSI ASC X12.14. Packag
39、ing and Package Marking14.1 The nominal diameter of the deformed wire, ASTMspecification designation, and name or mark of the manufac-turer shall be marked on a tag securely attached to each bundleof wire.14.2 For Government Procurement Only When specifiedin the contract or order, and for direct pro
40、curement by or directshipment to the U.S. Government, material shall be preserved,packaged, and packed in accordance with the requirements ofMIL-STD-163. The applicable levels shall be as specified inthe contract. Marking for shipment of such material shall be inaccordance with Fed. Std. No. 123 for
41、 civil agencies andMIL-STD-129 for military agencies.15. Keywords15.1 concrete railroad ties; deformed wire; prestressed con-crete; steel wire (tendon)SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee A01 has identified the location of the following changes to this standard since the last issue (A881/A 881M99) that may i
42、mpact the use of this standard.(1) Revised sections 4.1 and 6.1. (2) Deleted former section 12.3 and Note 3.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised t
43、hat determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapp
44、roved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you
45、feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual r
46、eprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE 3 Dimensions of DeformationsNOTE 1Depth of indent shall be the aver
47、age depth of six or morerandom indents measured at maximum depth.NominalWire Diameter, Depth, A, mm (in.)NominalLength, L,NominalPitch, P,mm (in.) mm (in.) mm (in.)5.03 (0.198) 0.13 + 0.02, 0.05(0.005 + 0.001, 0.002)3.5 (0.138) 5.5 (0.217)5.5 (0.216) 0.13 + 0.02, 0.05(0.005 + 0.001, 0.002)3.5 (0.138) 5.5 (0.217)A 881/A881M 053
