1、Designation: A898/A898M 07 (Reapproved 2012)A898/A898M 17Standard Specification forStraight Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Rolled SteelStructural Shapes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A898/A898M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adop
2、tion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This specification covers the procedure and acceptance standards
3、for straight beam, pulse echo, ultrasonic examination ofrolled structural shapes having a minimum section thickness of 12 in. 12.5 mm. It was developed to ensure delivery of steelstructural shapes free of gross internal discontinuities such as pipe, ruptures, or laminations and is to be used wheneve
4、r the inquiry,contract, order, or specification states that the shapes are to be ultrasonically examined. Two levels of acceptance standards areincluded. Level II is intended for normal applications where freedom from gross internal discontinuities is desired, particularly inconnection regions. Leve
5、l I is intended for critical applications such as welded chord members used in tension loading, whereinternal discontinuities could be detrimental. Level II is normally applicable unless otherwise specified in contract documents orthe purchase order. Supplementary requirements for alternative scanni
6、ng coverages are provided.1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units areshown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independentlyof the other. C
7、ombining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards,
8、Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A6/A6M Specification for General Requirements for Rolled Structural Steel Bars, Plates, Shapes, and Sheet PilingE317 Practice for Evaluating Perform
9、ance Characteristics of Ultrasonic Pulse-EchoTesting Instruments and Systems without theUse of Electronic Measurement Instruments2.2 ASNT Standard:3SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing33. Ordering Information3.1 The inquiry and order
10、should indicate the following:3.1.1 Acceptance level requirements will be Level II unless otherwise specified.3.1.2 Any additions to the provisions of this specification as outlined in 8.3.3.1.3 Supplementary requirements, if any.4. Apparatus4.1 The manufacturer or organization performing the examin
11、ation shall furnish suitable ultrasonic equipment and qualifiedpersonnel necessary for performing the examination. The equipment shall be straight beam, pulse-echo and span a nominal testfrequency range of 1 to 5 MHz. The search unit shall be within the range of 12 in. 12.5 mm to 118 in. 30 mm in di
12、ameter or1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.02on Structural Steel for Bridges, Buildings, Rolling Stock and Ships.Current edition approved March 1, 2012March 15, 2017. Pu
13、blished April 2012May 2017. Originally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 20072012 asA898/A898M 07.A898/A898M 07 (2012). DOI: 10.1520/A0898_A0898M-07R12.10.1520/A0898_A0898M-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at se
14、rviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http:/www.asnt.org.This document is n
15、ot an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropria
16、te. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States11
17、2 12.5 mm to 1 in. 25 mm square (including the pitch-catch type probe). The test shall be performed by one of the followingmethods: contact, immersion, or liquid column coupling.4.2 Other search units may be used for evaluating and pin-pointing indications.NOTE 1Refer to Practice E317 to evaluate pe
18、rformance characteristics of the apparatus system.5. Personnel Qualification5.1 Individuals performing examinations in accordance with this specification shall be qualified and certified in accordance withthe requirements of the latest edition of ASNT SNT-TC-1A or an equivalent accepted standard. An
19、 equivalent standard is one thatcovers the qualification and certification of ultrasonic nondestructive examination candidates, and that is acceptable to thepurchaser.6. Test Conditions6.1 Conduct the examination in an area free of operations that interfere with proper functioning of equipment and t
20、estingpersonnel.6.2 The section surfaces shall be sufficiently clean and smooth to maintain a back reflection from the opposite side of theflanges, legs, and webs approximately comparable to the height observed at the scanning gain level obtained in 8.2.6.3 The surfaces of the shapes inspected by th
21、is method may be expected to contain a residue of oil or rust or both.Any specifiedidentification that is removed when grinding as a result of surface preparation or examination shall be restored.NOTE 2Refer to Specification A6/A6M to provide guidance on structural shape types and terminology.7. Cal
22、ibration7.1 Standards having 14 in. 6 mm diameter flat bottomed holes are used for calibration. The metal distance between the holebottom and sound entry surface in relation to section thickness is given in Table 1.7.2 Standards shall be obtained from a rolled structural shape or plate having surfac
23、e conditions and acoustic properties similarto that of the product being inspected.8. Test Method8.1 Ultrasonic examination shall be made on the major surface of each flange and one major web surface. Evaluation ofindications may require inspection from an opposite surface.8.2 The reference level se
24、nsitivity shall be established by adjusting the maximum response obtained from the flat-bottomed holebetween 50 and 80 % of full screen scale. When scanning, the gain level shall be increased to at least twice the reference levelsensitivity as measured on the cathode ray tube (CRT) (typically 6 dB).
25、 All indications shall be evaluated at the reference levelsensitivity.8.2.1 When scanning the flanges or legs above the web, the calibrated range control (sweep) of the instrument should be set sothere is adequate display range for indications that may lie between fillets, at a depth greater than th
26、e flange or leg thickness.8.3 A nominal frequency between 1 and 5 MHz is recommended for examination. Thickness, grain size, or microstructure ofthe material and nature of the equipment or method may require a different test frequency. However, frequencies less than 1 MHzmay be used only by agreemen
27、t with the purchaser. A clear, easily interpreted trace pattern should be produced during theexamination.8.4 Scanning Coverage:8.4.1 Scanning coverage of the web and flange is illustrated in Fig. 1. A 6-in. wide 150 mm lateral strip with a 10 % overlapbetween each scan path shall be scanned at each
28、end, and a zig-zag scan shall be utilized over the length of the remaining flangesand web areas.8.4.2 When an indication of concern (reference level) is detected along a given scan line in Fig. 1, the flange or web shall becontinuously scanned (100 %) with not less than 10 % overlap between each sca
29、n path for 9 in. 230 mm adjacent to the scan linein both directions.8.4.3 All indications shall be evaluated on the flat-bottomed hole reference level criteria, and not by loss of back reflection.8.5 A suitable couplant such as water, water soluble oil, oil, or glycerin, shall be used when the conta
30、ct method is utilized.TABLE 1 Relationship of Distance and ThicknessSection Thickness, T, (in.) Metal Distance, in. mm12 to 1 12 in. 12.5 mmOver 1 to 1 12 12 to 34 TOver 1 12 to 2 1 in. 25 mmOver 2 12 to 34 TA898/A898M 1729. Acceptance Standards9.1 Any discontinuity indication that equals or exceeds
31、 the reference level response from the flat-bottomed hole shall beevaluated. A reference level indication that exceeds any of the following criteria is cause for material rejection.9.2 Level I:9.2.1 Flanges or LegsAny reference level indication that is continuous for a distance of 3 in. 75 mm or gre
32、ater in anydirection is cause for rejection. Any reference level indication less than 3 in. 75 mm long must be separated from anotherreference level indication by one-half the flange or leg thickness or 2 in. 50 mm, whichever is greater, or the two indications mustbe contained within a 3-in. 75 mm d
33、iameter circle for acceptance.NOTE 3A loss of back reflection over the web will be experienced during the flange scan and is not a cause for rejection.9.2.2 WebAny reference level indication that is continuous for a distance of 4 in. 100 mm or greater in any direction is causefor rejection.Any refer
34、ence level indication less than 4 in. 100 mm long must be separated from another reference level indicationby one-half the web thickness or 2 in. 50 mm, whichever is greater, or the two indications must be contained within a 4-in. 100mm diameter circle for acceptance.9.3 Acceptance StandardsLevel II
35、, Flanges, Legs, and WebAny reference level indication shall be rejectable if it iscontinuous for a distance of more than 15 in. 375 mm in any direction or its area exceeds 7 in.2 4375 mm2.NOTE 4A loss of back reflection over the web will be experienced during the flange scan and is not a cause for
36、rejection.10. Report10.1 Unless otherwise agreed upon between the purchaser and manufacturer, the manufacturer or organization performing theinspection shall report the following data:10.1.1 Piece identity.10.1.2 Reference level %.10.1.3 Greatest indication at or above 50 % reference level but less
37、than reference level.10.1.4 Longest length of indication when above reference level.10.1.5 Examination parameters, including: couplant; frequency, and transducer size; instrument make, model, and serialnumber.10.1.6 Grade and metal distance of calibration standard.10.1.7 Date of examination and name
38、 of operator.11. Rejection and Rehearing11.1 The manufacturer reserves the right to discuss rejectable ultrasonically tested structural shapes with the purchaser with theobject of possible repair of the ultrasonically indicated imperfection in lieu of rejection of the shape.12. Product Marking12.1 S
39、tructural shapes accepted in accordance with this specification shall be marked UT-A-898-1 for Level I or UT-A-898-2for Level II, adjacent to marking required by the material specification.13. Keywords13.1 acceptance standards; internal discontinuities; procedure; pulse echo; rolled; shapes; steel;
40、straight beam; structural steel;ultrasonic examinationFIG. 1 Scanning Pattern and CoverageA898/A898M 173SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSThese supplementary requirements shall apply only when individually specified by the purchaser.When details of these requirements are not covered herein, they are subject
41、 to agreement between themanufacturer and purchaser.S1. Scanning Designated Additional AreasS1.1 In addition to the scanning specified in 8.48.4, scanning of additional areas or different scanning patterns may be specifiedby agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser.S1.2 Acceptance Level II s
42、hall apply unless otherwise agreed to between the manufacturer and purchaser.S2. Scanning 100 %S2.1 Scanning shall be continuous over 100 % with a 10 % overlap between each scan path of both flange or leg surfaces andone major web surface.S2.2 The acceptance criteria for Level I shall apply.S3. Rest
43、rictive Acceptance and Scanning CriteriaS3.1 More stringent acceptance and scanning criteria may apply upon agreement between the purchaser and manufacturer.SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(A898/A898M 07 (2012) that
44、 may impact the use of this standard. (Approved March 15, 2017.)(1) Revised 4.1.(2) Added Section 10 and renumbered subsequent sections accordingly.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users
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46、ve years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical c
47、ommittee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA
48、 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 174
