1、Designation: A 960/A 960M 08aStandard Specification forCommon Requirements for Wrought Steel Piping Fittings1This standard is issued under the fixed designationA 960/A 960M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers a group of common require-ments that shall apply to wrought steel piping fittings covere
3、din any of the following individual product specifications or anyother ASTM specification that invokes this specification orportions thereof:Title of Specification ASTMDesignationSpecification for Piping Fittings of WroughtCarbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate andElevated TemperaturesA 234/A 234
4、MSpecification for Wrought Austenitic StainlessSteel Piping FittingsA 403/A 403MSpecification for Piping Fittings of Wrought CarbonSteel and Alloy Steel for Low-Temperature ServiceA 420/A 420MSpecification for Butt-Welding, Wrought-CarbonSteel, Piping Fittings with Improved Notch ToughnessA 758/A 75
5、8MSpecification for As-Welded Wrought AusteniticStainless Steel Fittings for General CorrosiveService at Low and Moderate TemperaturesA 774/A 774MSpecification for Wrought Ferritic, Ferritic/Austenitic,and Martensitic Stainless Steel Piping FittingsA 815/A 815MSpecification for Heat-Treated Carbon S
6、teelFittings for Low-Temperature and Corrosive ServiceA 858/A 858MSpecification for Wrought High-StrengthLow-Alloy Steel Butt-Welded FittingsA 860/A 860M1.2 In case of conflict between a requirement of the indi-vidual product specification and a requirement of this generalrequirement specification,
7、the requirements of the individualproduct specification shall prevail over those of this specifica-tion.1.3 By mutual agreement between the purchaser and thesupplier, additional requirements may be specified (See 4.1.7).The acceptance of any such additional requirements shall bedependent on negotiat
8、ions with the supplier and must beincluded in the order as agreed upon by the purchaser andsupplier.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text andthe tables, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values statedin each syste
9、m may not be exact equivalents; therefore eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the specification. The inch-pound units shall apply unlessthe “M” designation SI of the product specification isspecified in the order
10、.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 29/A 29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon andAlloy,Hot-Wrought, General Requirements forA 234/A 234M Specification for Piping Fittings of WroughtCarbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and HighTemperature ServiceA 262 Practices for Detecting Suscep
11、tibility to Intergranu-lar Attack in Austenitic Stainless SteelsA 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA 388/A 388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination ofHeavy Steel ForgingsA 403/A 403M Specification for Wrought Austenitic Stain-less Steel Piping FittingsA 420/A 4
12、20M Specification for Piping Fittings of WroughtCarbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Low-Temperature Ser-viceA 700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and LoadingMethods for Steel Products for ShipmentA 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology forChemical Analysis of Steel ProductsA 758/A 758M Specifi
13、cation for Wrought-Carbon SteelButt-Welding Piping Fittings with Improved Notch Tough-nessA 763 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranu-lar Attack in Ferritic Stainless SteelsA 774/A 774M Specification for As-Welded Wrought Aus-tenitic Stainless Steel Fittings for General Corrosive Ser-
14、vice at Low and Moderate TemperaturesA 815/A 815M Specification for Wrought Ferritic, Ferritic/Austenitic, and Martensitic Stainless Steel Piping FittingsA 858/A 858M Specification for Heat-Treated Carbon SteelFittings for Low-Temperature and Corrosive ServiceA 860/A 860M Specification for Wrought H
15、igh-Strength1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and BoltingMaterials for Piping and Special Purpose Applic
16、ations.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published November 2008. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as A 960/A 960M08.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of AST
17、MStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Low-Alloy Steel Butt-Wel
18、ding FittingsA 941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Re-lated Alloys, and FerroalloysA 967 Specification for Chemical Passivation Treatmentsfor Stainless Steel PartsE 165 Test Method for Liquid Penetrant ExaminationE 213 Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Metal Pipeand TubingE 709
19、Guide for Magnetic Particle TestingE 1916 Guide for Identification and/or Segregation ofMixed Lots of Metals2.2 Manufacturers Standardization Society Standards:3MSS-SP-25 The Standard Marking System of Valves,Fittings, Flanges and UnionsMSS-SP-43 Standard Practice for Light Weight StainlessSteel But
20、t-Welding FittingsMSS-SP-75 Specification for High Test Wrought Butt-Welding FittingsMSS-SP-79 Socket Welding Reducer InsertsMSS-SP-95 Swage(d) Nipples and Bull Plugs2.3 American Society of Nondestructive Testing:4SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for NondestructiveTesting Personnel Qualification and C
21、ertification2.4 ASME Standards:5B16.9 Steel Butt-Welding FittingsB16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Welding and ThreadedSection IX Welding Qualifications3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 bara solid section that is long in relationship to itscross sectional dime
22、nsions, with a relatively constant crosssection throughout its length. (See Specification A 29/A 29Mfor definitions relating to the production of hot wrought andcold finished bars.)3.1.2 certifying organizationthe company or associationresponsible for the conformance of, the marking of, and thecerti
23、fication of the product to the specification requirements.3.1.3 fittinga component for non-bolted joints used inpiping systems and pressure vessels.3.1.4 flangea component for bolted joints used in pipingsystems and pressure vessels.3.1.5 forgingthe product of a substantially compressivehot or cold
24、plastic working operation that consolidates thematerial and produces the required shape.3.1.6 DiscussionThe plastic working must be performedby a forging machine, such as a hammer, press, or ring rollingmachine and must deform the material to produce an essen-tially wrought structure throughout the
25、material cross section.3.2 DefinitionsFor definitions of other terms used in thisspecification, refer to Terminology A 941.4. Ordering Information4.1 It is the purchasers responsibility to specify in thepurchase order all ordering information necessary to purchasethe needed material. Examples of suc
26、h information include butare not limited to the following:4.1.1 Quantity,4.1.2 Description of fitting and nominal dimensions (stan-dard or special),4.1.3 Steel composition by grade and class designation,4.1.4 Construction, seamless or welded (unless seamless orwelded construction is specified by the
27、 purchaser, either maybe furnished at the option of the supplier),4.1.5 Specification number (including the year/date of is-sue),4.1.6 Supplementary requirements, and4.1.7 Additional requirements.5. Material5.1 The material for fittings shall consist of forgings, bars,plates and seamless or welded t
28、ubular products.5.2 The steel shall conform to the chemical requirements ofthe individual product specification and may be made from anyprocess.5.3 Ferritic steels shall be fully killed.5.4 If secondary melting is employed, the heat shall bedefined as all ingots remelted from a primary heat.6. Manuf
29、acture6.1 Forging or shaping operations may be performed by anyof the methods included in the individual product specification.6.2 Hollow cylindrically shaped parts up to and includingNPS 4 may be machined from bar or seamless tubular materialprovided the axial length of the part is approximately pa
30、rallelto the axial length of the fitting. Elbows, return bends, tees andheader tees shall not be machined directly from bar stock.6.3 Fittings, after forming at an elevated temperature, shallbe cooled to a temperature below the critical range undersuitable conditions to prevent injury by cooling too
31、 rapidly.6.4 All classes of fittings shall have the welders, weldingoperators, and welding procedures qualified under the provi-sion of Section IX of the ASME Boiler and Pressure VesselCode except that welds from the original pipe manufacturermade without the addition of filler metal do not require
32、suchqualification.7. Heat Treatment7.1 Fittings requiring heat treatment shall be treated asspecified in the individual product specification using thefollowing procedures:7.1.1 Full AnnealingFittings shall be uniformly reheatedto a temperature above the transformation range and, afterholding for a
33、sufficient time at this temperature, cooled slowlyto a temperature below the transformation range.7.1.2 Solution AnnealingFittings shall be heated to atemperature that causes the carbides to go into solution andthen quenched in water or rapidly cooled by other means toprevent reprecipitation.7.1.3 I
34、sothermal AnnealingIsothermal annealing shallconsist of austenitizing a ferrous alloy and then cooling to and3Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and FittingsIndustry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http:/www.mss-.4Available fromAmerican Society for Nond
35、estructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http:/www.asnt.org.5Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.A 960/A 960M 08a2holding within the
36、range of temperature at which the austenitetransforms to a relatively soft ferrite-carbide aggregate.7.1.4 NormalizingFittings shall be uniformly reheated toa temperature above the transformation range and subsequentlycooled in air at room temperature.7.1.5 Tempering and Post-Weld Heat TreatmentFitt
37、ingsshall be reheated to the prescribed temperature below thetransformation range, held at temperature for the greater of12h or 1 h/in. 25.4 mm of thickness at the thickest section andcooled in still air.7.1.6 Stress RelievingFittings shall be uniformly heated tothe selected stress relieving tempera
38、ture. The temperature shallnot vary from the selected temperature by more than 6 25 F6 14 C.7.1.7 Quench and TemperFittings shall be fully austen-itized and immediately quenched in a suitable liquid medium.The quenched fittings shall be reheated to a minimum tempera-ture of 1100 F 590 C and cooled i
39、n still air.8. Chemical Requirements8.1 Chemical AnalysisSamples for chemical analysis andmethods of analysis shall be in accordance with Test Methods,Practices and Terminology A 751 for Chemical Analysis ofSteel Products.8.2 Heat AnalysisAn analysis of each heat of steel shallbe made by the manufac
40、turer to determine the percentages ofthose elements specified in the individual product specification.If secondary melting processes are employed, the heat analysisshall be obtained from one remelted ingot of each primarymelt. The chemical analysis thus determined shall conform tothe requirements of
41、 the individual product specification. Notethat the product analysis (check analysis) tolerances are not tobe applied to the heat analysis requirements.8.2.1 For steels ordered under product specifications refer-encing this specification of general requirements, the steel shallnot contain an unspeci
42、fied element, other than nitrogen forstainless steels, for the ordered grade to the extent that the steelconforms to the requirements of another grade for which thatelement is a specified element having a required minimumcontent. For this requirement, a grade is defined as an alloydescribed individu
43、ally and identified by its own UNS or gradedesignation in a table of chemical requirements within anyspecification listed within the scope as being covered by thisspecification.8.3 Product AnalysisIf a product analysis is performed itshall be in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, andTerminolog
44、y A 751. The chemical composition thus deter-mined shall conform to limits of the product specification,within the permissible variations of Table 1 or Table 2 of thisspecification, as appropriate for the grade being supplied.9. Mechanical Requirements9.1 Method of Mechanical TestAll tests shall be
45、con-ducted in accordance with Test Methods and DefinitionsA 370.9.2 The test specimen shall represent all material from thesame heat and heat treatment load whose maximum thick-nesses do not exceed the thickness of the test specimen orblank by more than14 in. 6 mm.9.3 One tension test at room temper
46、ature shall be made inaccordance with 9.2 from each heat in each heat treatment load.9.3.1 If heat treatment is performed in either a continuous orbatch type furnace controlled within 6 25 F 6 14 C of therequired heat treatment temperature and equipped with record-ing pyrometers so that complete rec
47、ords of heat treatment areavailable, and if the same heat treating cycles are used on thematerial represented by the tension test, then one tension testfrom each heat shall be required, instead of one tension testfrom each heat in each heat treatment load in accordance with9.2.9.4 RetestWhen a retes
48、t is permitted by the productspecification, it shall be performed on twice the number ofrepresentative specimens that were originally nonconforming.When any retest specimen does not conform to the productTABLE 1 Product Analysis Tolerances for Low Alloy and CarbonSteelsAElementsLimit, or Maximum ofS
49、pecified Range, %Permissible VariationsOver Maximum Limit orUnder Minimum Limit, %Carbon to 0.010, incl 0.002over 0.010 to 0.030, incl 0.005over 0.030 to 0.20, incl 0.01over 0.20 to 0.80, incl 0.02Manganese to 1.00, incl 0.03over 1.00 to 3.00, incl 0.04Phosphorus to 0.040, incl 0.005over 0.040 to 0.20, incl 0.010Sulfur to 0.040, incl 0.005over 0.040 to 0.20, incl 0.010Silicon to 1.00, incl 0.02over 1.00 to 3.00, incl 0.10Nickel to 1.00, incl 0.03over 1.00 to 5.00 0.07over 5.00 to 10.00, incl 0.10over 10.00 to 20.00, incl 0.15Chromium
