1、Designation: A 961/A 961M 08aStandard Specification forCommon Requirements for Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings,Valves, and Parts for Piping Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designationA 961/A 961M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adop
2、tion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers a group of common require-ments that shall ap
3、ply to steel flanges, forged fittings, valves,and parts for piping applications under any of the followingindividual product specifications:Title of Specification ASTM DesignationForgings, Carbon Steel, for Piping Components A 105/A 105MForgings, Carbon Steel, for General-Purpose Piping A 181/A 181M
4、Forged or Rolled Alloy-Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged A 182/A 182MFittings, and Valves and Parts for High TemperatureServiceForgings, Carbon and Low Alloy Steel, Requiring Notch A 350/A 350MToughness Testing for Piping ComponentsForged or Rolled 8 and 9 % Nickel Alloy A 522/A 522MSteel Flanges, Fittings
5、, Valves, and Partsfor Low-Temperature ServiceForgings, Carbon and Alloy Steel, for Pipe Flanges, A 694/A 694MFittings, Valves, and Parts for High-PressureTransmission ServiceFlanges, Forged, Carbon and Alloy Steel for Low A 707/A 707MTemperature ServiceForgings, Carbon Steel, for Piping Components
6、with A 727/A 727MInherent Notch ToughnessForgings, Titanium-Stabilized Carbon Steel, for A 836/A 836MGlass-Lined Piping and Pressure Vessel Service1.2 In case of conflict between a requirement of the indi-vidual product specification and a requirement of this generalrequirement specification, the re
7、quirements of the individualproduct specification shall prevail over those of this specifica-tion.1.3 By mutual agreement between the purchaser and thesupplier, additional requirements may be specified (see Section4.1.2). The acceptance of any such additional requirementsshall be dependent on negoti
8、ations with the supplier and mustbe included in the order as agreed upon between the purchaserand supplier.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text andthe tables, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values statedin eac
9、h system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard. The inch-pound units shall apply, unless the“M” designation (SI) of the product specification is specified inthe
10、 order.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 105/A 105M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings forPiping ApplicationsA 181/A 181M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings, forGeneral-Purpose PipingA 182/A 182M Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloyand Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fi
11、ttings, andValves and Parts for High-Temperature ServiceA 275/A 275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examinationof Steel ForgingsA 350/A 350M Specification for Carbon and Low-AlloySteel Forgings, Requiring Notch Toughness Testing forPiping ComponentsA 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical T
12、estingof Steel ProductsA 522/A 522M Specification for Forged or Rolled 8 and 9%Nickel Alloy Steel Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts forLow-Temperature ServiceA 694/A 694M Specification for Carbon and Alloy SteelForgings for Pipe Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts forHigh-Pressure Transmission S
13、erviceA 700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and LoadingMethods for Steel Products for ShipmentA 707/A 707M Specification for Forged Carbon and AlloySteel Flanges for Low-Temperature ServiceA 727/A 727M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings forPiping Components with Inherent Notch ToughnessA 751
14、Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology forChemical Analysis of Steel ProductsA 836/A 836M Specification for Titanium-Stabilized Car-bon Steel Forgings for Glass-Lined Piping and PressureVessel Service1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and R
15、elated Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and BoltingMaterials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published November 2008. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previo
16、us edition approved in 2008 as A 961/A 961M08.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of
17、Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.A 941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Re-lated Alloys, and FerroalloysA 967 Specification for Chemical Passivation Tre
18、atmentsfor Stainless Steel PartsA 991/A 991M Test Method for Conducting TemperatureUniformity Surveys of Furnaces Used to Heat Treat SteelProductsB 880 Specification for General Requirements for ChemicalCheck Analysis Limits for Nickel, Nickel Alloys andCobalt AlloysE 165 Test Method for Liquid Pene
19、trant ExaminationE 381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets,Blooms, and ForgingsE 709 Guide for Magnetic Particle TestingE 1916 Guide for Identification and/or Segregation ofMixed Lots of Metals2.2 ASME Standard:3ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel CodeSection IX2.3 Manufacturers Standardizat
20、ion Society Standard:4SP 25 Standard Marking System of Valves, Fittings,Flanges and Unions3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of other terms used in thisspecification, refer to Terminology A 941.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 bar, na solid rolled or forged section
21、that is long inrelationship to its cross sectional dimensions, with a relativelyconstant cross section throughout its length and a wroughtmicrostructure.3.2.2 certifying organization, nthe company or associa-tion responsible for the conformance of, and marking of, theproduct to the specification req
22、uirements.3.2.3 fitting, na component for non-bolted joints in pipingsystems.3.2.4 flange, na component for bolted joints used inpiping systems.3.2.5 forging, nthe product of a substantially compressivehot or cold plastic working operation that consolidates thematerial and produces the required shap
23、e.3.2.5.1 DiscussionThe plastic working must be per-formed by a forging machine, such as a hammer, press, or ringrolling machine, and must deform the material to produce awrought structure throughout the material cross section.3.2.6 seamless tubing, na tubular product made without awelded seam.3.2.6
24、.1 DiscussionIt is manufactured usually by hotworking the material, and if necessary, by subsequently coldfinishing the hot worked tubular product to produce the desiredshape, dimensions and properties.4. Ordering Information4.1 It is the purchasers responsibility to specify in thepurchase order all
25、 ordering information necessary to purchasethe needed material. Examples of such information include, butare not limited to, the following:4.1.1 Quantity,4.1.2 Size and pressure class or dimensions, (tolerances andsurface finishes should be included),4.1.3 Specification number with grade or class, o
26、r both, asapplicable, and year/date,4.1.4 Supplementary requirements, and4.1.5 Additional requirements.5. Melting Process5.1 Unless otherwise specified in the individual ProductSpecification, the steel shall be fully killed.5.2 If a specific type of melting is required by the purchaser,it shall be s
27、tated on the purchase order.5.3 The primary melting may incorporate separate degas-sing or refining and may be followed by secondary melting,such as electroslag remelting or vacuum remelting. If second-ary melting is employed, the heat shall be defined as all of theingot remelted from a single prima
28、ry heat.5.4 Steel may be cast in ingots or may be strand cast. Whensteel of different grades is sequentially strand cast, identifica-tion of the resultant transition material is required. The steelproducer shall remove the transition material by an establishedprocedure that positively separates the
29、grades.5.5 A sufficient discard shall be made from the sourcematerial to secure freedom from injurious porosity and shrink-age, and undue segregation.6. Manufacture6.1 The finished part shall be manufactured from a forgingthat is as close as practicable to the finished size or shape.Alternative star
30、ting materials may be used, but with thefollowing exceptions and requirements.6.1.1 BarFlanges, elbows, return bends, tees, and headertees shall not be machined directly from bar. Other hollowcylindrical shaped parts up to, and including, NPS 4 can bemachined from bar provided that the axial length
31、of the part isapproximately parallel to the metal flow lines of the startingstock.6.1.2 Wrought Seamless Pipe and TubingFlanges shallnot be machined directly from seamless pipe or tubing. Otherhollow cylindrical shaped parts can be machined from seam-less pipe and tubing provided that the axial leng
32、th of the partis approximately parallel to the metal flow lines of the startingstock.7. Heat Treatment7.1 Material requiring heat treatment shall be treated asspecified in the individual product specification using thefollowing procedures that are defined in more detail in Termi-nology A 941.7.1.1 F
33、ull AnnealingMaterial shall be uniformly reheatedto a temperature above the transformation range and, afterholding for a sufficient time at this temperature, cooled slowlyto a temperature below the transformation range.3Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternationa
34、l Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.4Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and FittingsIndustry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http:/www.mss-.A 961/A 961M 08a27.1.2 Solution AnnealingMaterial shall be heated to ate
35、mperature that causes the chrome carbides to go into solu-tion, and then, quenched in water or rapidly cooled by othermeans to prevent reprecipitation.7.1.3 Isothermal AnnealingIsothermal annealing shallconsist of austenitizing a ferrous alloy, and then, cooling to andholding within the range of tem
36、perature at which the austenitetransforms to a relatively soft ferrite-carbide aggregate.7.1.4 Normalizing Material shall be uniformly reheated toa temperature above the transformation range, and subse-quently, cooled in air at room temperature.7.1.5 Tempering and Post-Weld Heat TreatmentMaterialsha
37、ll be reheated to the prescribed temperature below thetransformation range, held at temperature for the greater of 30min or 1 h/in. 25.4 mm of thickness at the thickest section andcooled in still air.7.1.6 Stress Relieving Material shall be uniformly heatedto the selected stress relieving temperatur
38、e. The temperatureshall not vary from the selected temperature by more than 625F 614 C.7.1.7 Quench and TemperMaterial shall be fully austen-itized and quenched immediately in a suitable liquid medium.The quenched fittings shall be reheated to a minimum tempera-ture of 1100 F 590 C and cooled in sti
39、ll air.8. Chemical Requirements8.1 Chemical AnalysisSamples for chemical analysis andmethods of analysis shall be in accordance with Test Methods,Practices, and Terminology A 751.8.2 Heat AnalysisAn analysis of each heat of steel shallbe made by the steel manufacturer to determine the percentagesof
40、those elements specified in the individual product specifi-cation. If secondary melting processes are employed, the heatanalysis shall be obtained from one remelted ingot, or theproduct of one remelted ingot, from each primary melt. Thechemical analysis thus determined shall conform to the require-m
41、ents of the individual product specification. Note that theproduct analysis (check analysis) tolerances are not to beapplied to the Heat Analysis requirements.8.3 Product AnalysisIf a product analysis is performed itshall be in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, andTerminology A 751. Samples f
42、or analysis shall be taken frommidway between center and surface of solid parts, midwaybetween inner and outer surfaces of hollow parts, midwaybetween center and surface of full-size prolongations or frombroken mechanical test specimens. The chemical compositionthus determined shall conform to the l
43、imits of the productspecification, within the permissible variations of Table 1 orTable 2 of this specification, as appropriate for the grade beingsupplied.9. Mechanical Requirements9.1 Method of Mechanical TestsAll tests shall be con-ducted in accordance with Test Methods and DefinitionsA 370.9.2 F
44、or the purpose of determining conformance to theproduct specification requirements, specimens shall be ob-tained from the production forgings, or from separately forgedtest blanks prepared from the stock used to make the finishedproduct. In either case, mechanical test specimens shall not beremoved
45、until after all heat treatment is complete. If repairwelding is performed, test specimens shall not be removeduntil after post-weld heat treatment is complete, unless permit-ted by the product specification. The locations from which testspecimens are removed shall be in accordance with the ProductSp
46、ecification.TABLE 1 Product Analysis Tolerances for Higher Alloy andStainless SteelsA,BElement Limit or Maximum ofSpecified Range, Wt %Tolerance Over theMaximum Limit orUnder the MinimumLimitCarbon to 0.010, incl. 0.002over 0.010 to 0.030, incl. 0.005over 0.030 to 0.20 incl. 0.01over 0.20 to 0.80, i
47、ncl. 0.02Manganese to 1.00 incl. 0.03over 1.00 to 3.00 incl. 0.04over 3.00 to 6.00, incl. 0.05over 6.00 to 10.00, incl. 0.06Phosphorous to 0.040, incl. 0.005over 0.040 to 0.20, incl. 0.010Sulfur to 0.040 incl. 0.005over 0.040 to 0.20, incl. 0.010over 0.20 to 0.50, incl. 0.020Silicon to 1.00, incl. 0
48、.05over 1.00 to 3.00 incl. 0.10over 3.00 to 7.00, incl. 0.15Chromium over 4.00 to 10.00 incl. 0.10over 10.00 to 15.00 incl. 0.15over 15.00 to 20.00 incl. 0.20over 20.00 to 30.00 incl. 0.25Nickel to 1.00 incl. 0.03over 1.00 to 5.00 incl. 0.07over 5.00 to 10.00 incl. 0.10over 10.00 to 20.00 incl. 0.15
49、over 20.00 to 30.00 incl. 0.20over 30.00 to 40.00, incl. 0.25Molybdenum to 0.20 incl. 0.01over 0.20 to 0.60 incl. 0.03over 0.60 to 2.00 incl. 0.05over 2.00 to 7.00 incl. 0.10Titanium to 1.00, incl. 0.05Columbium (Niobium) to 1.50, incl. 0.05Tantalum to 0.10 incl. 0.02Copper to 0.50, incl. 0.03over 0.50 to 1.00, incl. 0.05over 1.00 to 3.00, incl. 0.10Cobalt 0.05 to 0.20 incl. 0.01CNitrogen to 0.02, incl. 0.005over 0.02 to 0.19 incl. 0.01over 0.19 to 0.25 0.02over 0.25 to 0.35 0.03over 0.35 to 0.45 0.04over 0.45 0.05Aluminum to 0.15, incl. 0.
