1、Designation: A978/A978M 08 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Specification forComposite Ribbed Steel Pipe, Precoated and PolyethyleneLined for Gravity Flow Sanitary Sewers, Storm Sewers, andOther Special Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A978/A978M; the number immediately foll
2、owing the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specificati
3、on covers composite ribbed steel pipe,precoated and polyethylene lined intended for use for gravityflow sanitary sewers, storm sewers, and other special applica-tions such as water transmission pipe, rehabilitation pipe, slipline pipe, and irrigation pipe where extra corrosion andabrasion resistance
4、 are required. The steel sheet used in thefabrication of the pipe has a polymer coating over a metalliccoating of zinc on both sides. In addition, as the pipe is beingfabricated, the ribs are filled with polyethylene and then apolyethylene liner is extruded onto the interior surface.1.2 The exterior
5、 polymer precoating provides extra protec-tion of the steel against soilside corrosion, in addition to thatprovided by the metallic coating, and also provides a dielectricbarrier for cathodic protection. The interior polymer precoatingprovides an adhesive layer between the galvanized steel andthe po
6、lyethylene lining. The applied lining provides internalprotection against corrosion, erosion, and abrasion. By fillingthe rib which has a deltoid shape (smaller at the opening in thepipe wall than at the bottom of the rib), the polyethylene ismechanically connected to the pipe wall and the polyethyl
7、eneliner is then thermally bonded to the filled rib.1.3 This specification does not include requirements forbedding, backfill, or the relationship between earth cover loadand sheet thickness of the pipe. Experience has shown that thesuccessful performance of this product depends upon theproper selec
8、tion of sheet thickness, type of bedding andbackfill, controlled manufacture in the plant, and care in theinstallation. The installation procedure is described in PracticeA798/A798M.1.4 This specification is applicable to orders in eitherinch-pound units as A978, or in SI units as A978M. Inch-pound
9、units and SI units are not necessarily equivalent. SI unitsare shown in brackets in the text for clarity, but they are theapplicable values when the material is ordered to A978M.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is therespons
10、ibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A90/A90M Test Method for Weight Mass of Coating onIron and Steel Articles with Zinc or Zinc-Al
11、loy CoatingsA153/A153M Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) onIron and Steel HardwareA307 Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts, Studs, andThreaded Rod 60 000 PSI Tensile StrengthA563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel NutsA563M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts (Met-ric)A742/A7
12、42M Specification for Steel Sheet, Metallic Coatedand Polymer Precoated for Corrugated Steel PipeA780 Practice for Repair of Damaged and Uncoated Areasof Hot-Dip Galvanized CoatingsA796/A796M Practice for Structural Design of CorrugatedSteel Pipe, Pipe-Arches, and Arches for Storm and Sani-tary Sewe
13、rs and Other Buried ApplicationsA798/A798M Practice for Installing Factory-Made Corru-gated Steel Pipe for Sewers and Other ApplicationsA902 Terminology Relating to Metallic Coated Steel Prod-uctsA926 Test Method for Comparing the Abrasion Resistanceof Coating Materials for Corrugated Metal PipeA929
14、/A929M Specification for Steel Sheet, Metallic-Coatedby the Hot-Dip Process for Corrugated Steel PipeB633 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc onIron and Steel1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A05 onMetallic-Coated Iron and Steel Products and is the direc
15、t responsibility ofSubcommittee A05.17 on Corrugated Steel Pipe Specifications.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013. Published November 2013. Originallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as A978/A978M - 08.DOI: 10.1520/A0978_A0978M-08R13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit t
16、he ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.
17、United States1B695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically De-posited on Iron and SteelC443 Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe andManholes, Using Rubber GasketsC443M Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe andManholes, Using Rubber Gaskets (Metric)D638 Test Method for Tensile Prop
18、erties of PlasticsD792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-tive Density) of Plastics by DisplacementD1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-ness of Organic Coatings Using MicrometersD1056 Specification for Flexible Cellular MaterialsSponge or Expanded RubberD1238 Test Met
19、hod for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplasticsby Extrusion PlastometerD2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer Hard-nessD1435 Practice for Outdoor Weathering of PlasticsD3212 Specification for Joints for Drain and Sewer PlasticPipes Using Flexible Elastomeric SealsD5576 Practice for Determination o
20、f Structural Features inPolyolefins and Polyolefin Copolymers by Infrared Spec-trophotometry (FT-IR)D5630 Test Method for Ash Content in PlasticsF568M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel ExternallyThreaded Metric Fasteners (Metric) (Withdrawn 2012)3F593 Specification for Stainless Steel Bolts,
21、Hex CapScrews, and StudsF594 Specification for Stainless Steel NutsF738M Specification for Stainless Steel Metric Bolts,Screws, and StudsF836M Specification for Style 1 Stainless Steel Metric Nuts(Metric)2.2 AASHTO Standard:4T 249 Test for Helical Lock Seam Corrugated PipeStandard Specifications for
22、 Highway Bridges, Division II,Section 26LRFD Bridge Construction Specifications, Section 263. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in thisspecification, refer to Terminology A902.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 composite, nthe joining of steel and plastic
23、toachieve a synergy of desirable characteristics not attainable byeither material alone.3.2.2 deltoid shape, nthe open triangular shape of the ribprofile, which has a greater dimension at the base (away fromthe pipe wall) than at the peak (opening at the interior wall ofthe pipe).3.2.3 extruded line
24、r, na liner produced by a process thatapplies melted polyethylene into the ribs and sequentiallyextrudes a liner over the top of the rib openings and across theadjacent flats while the pipe is being fabricated.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include thefoll
25、owing information as necessary, to adequately describe thedesired product.4.1.1 Name of material (composite ribbed steel pipe, pre-coated and polyethylene lined),4.1.2 Type of metallic coating (zinc) (see 5.1),4.1.3 ASTM designation and year of issue, as A978 forinch-pound units or as A978M for SI u
26、nits,4.1.4 Rib size and spacing (see Table 1). If not stated, thesize and spacing combination furnished shall be at the fabri-cators option,4.1.5 Diameter of pipe (see 7.1),4.1.6 Length, either total length or length of each piece andnumber of pieces,4.1.7 Sheet thickness (see 7.2),4.1.8 Joint conne
27、ctors, number, and type (soil tight, water-resistant, or watertight),4.1.9 Certification, if required (see 13.1), and4.1.10 Special requirements.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportatio
28、nOfficials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,http:/www.transportation.org.TABLE 1 Rib Requirements for Steel PipeNominal Size Deltoid Shaped RibNarrowestWidth,AMinWidestWidth,BMinDepth,CMinSpacing,DMaxBottomOutsideRadius,MinBottomOutsideRadius,EMax AvgTopOutsideRadius
29、,MinTopOutsideRadius,EMax AvgA978, in.34 by34 by 712 0.45 0.68 0.73 712 0.10 0.25 0.10+t 0.25+t34 by1by1112 0.45 0.68 0.90 1134 0.10 0.25 0.10+t 0.25+tA978M, mm19 by 19 by 190 12 17 19 190 2.5 6.0 2.5+t 6.0+t19 by 25 by 292 12 17 23 298 2.5 6.0 2.5+t 6.0+tANarrowest width is a dimension of the insid
30、e of the rib measured on the inside of the pipe.BWidest width is a dimension of the inside of the rib but is measured on the outside of the pipe (outside of the rib) and shall meet or exceed the stated minimum widthplus two times the wall thickness (that is, 2t + 0.68 in. (2t +17mm).CDepth is an ave
31、rage of the ribs within a sheet width measured from the inside by placing a straight edge across the open rib and measuring to the bottom of the rib.DSpacing is an average of three adjacent ribs (one sheet width) spacings for34 by34 712 in. pipe and two adjacent rib (one sheet width) spacings for th
32、e34 11112 in. pipe measured center-to-center of the ribs, at 90 to the direction of the ribs.EThe average of the two top rib radii and of the two bottom radii shall be within the minimum and maximum tolerances. The term“ outside” refers to the outside surfaceof the pipe.A978/A978M 08 (2013)2NOTE 1Ty
33、pical ordering descriptions are as follows: (1) Compositeribbed steel pipe, precoated and polyethylene lined, zinc-coated, inaccordance with Specification A978,34 by34 by 712 in., 72 in. diameter,600 ft. in length, 0.109 in. sheet thickness, 30-soil tight joint connectors;(2) Composite ribbed steel
34、pipe, precoated and polyethylene lined,zinc-coated, in accordance with Specification A978M, 19 by 19 by 190mm, 1800 mm diameter, 182.9 m in length, 2.77 mm sheet thickness,30-soil tight joint connectors.5. Material5.1 Steel Sheets for PipeAll pipe fabricated under thisspecification shall be formed f
35、rom polymer precoated sheetconforming to Specification A742/A742M, except that oneside of the sheet (interior side of pipe) shall have additives thatwill enhance the bond with the extruded polyethylene liner.5.1.1 The polymer shall have a minimum thickness of 10mils 250 m on each side.5.1.2 The poly
36、mer coating is applied to steel having ametallic coating of zinc as described in Specification A929/A929M.5.2 Polyethylene for Rib Filling and the Internal LinerThe polyethylene for rib filling and the internal liner shall be avirgin resin which is predominantly an ethylene octene copo-lymer. The po
37、lymer shall be stabilized for processing at 500F260C and to endure a 180-day exposure to sunlight. Thepolymer can contain pigments and stabilizer but shall be 99 %minimum polyethylene resin.5.2.1 The resin properties shall be:Melt index: I2= 7.5 g/10 min ( 1.5) Test Method D1238Flow Rate Ratio: I10/
38、I2= 7-8 Test Method D1238Density: 0.902 g/cc ( .002) Test Methods D792Hardness: ShoreD=45(5) TestMethodD2240Ash Content: 1.0 % Test Method D56305.2.2 Analyze the precoated film and the polymer by FTIRspectrophotometry in accordance with Practice D5576 andliquid chromatography methods and compare to
39、standards toverify the polymer is suitable for the application. A lotidentification system shall be used to allow traceability ofresin.5.3 Steel Sheet for Joint ConnectorsThe sheet used infabricating joint connectors shall conform to the same specifi-cation listed in 5.1 as that used for fabricating
40、 of the pipefurnished under the order.5.4 Polyethylene for Joint ConnectorsThe polyethyleneused in fabricating joint connectors shall be compatible withthe polymer precoated sheet conforming to the specificationlisted in 5.1 or with the polyethylene used to fill the ribs andfabricate the liner as li
41、sted in 5.2, or both.5.5 Hardware for Storm Sewer Joint ConnectorsExternalbolts and nuts for storm sewer joint connectors shall conformto the following requirements:Bolts NutsFor A978 pipe Specification A307 Specification A563, GradeAFor A978M pipe Specification F568M,Class 4.6Specification A563M,Cl
42、ass 55.5.1 Bolts, nuts, and other threaded items used with jointconnectors shall be zinc coated by one of the followingprocesses: hot-dip process as provided in Specification A153/A153M; electroplating process as provided in SpecificationB633, Class Fe/Zn 25; or mechanical process as provided inSpec
43、ification B695, Class 8. Other hardware items used withjoint connectors shall be zinc coated by one of the followingprocesses: hot-dip process as provided in Specification A153/A153M; electroplating process as provided in SpecificationB633, Class Fe/Zn 25; or mechanical process as provided inSpecifi
44、cation B695, Class 25.5.6 Hardware for Sanitary Sewer Joint ConnectorsExternal bolts and nuts for sanitary sewer joint connectors shallconform to the following requirements:Bolts NutsFor A978 pipe Specification F593 Marten-sitic Alloy 410Specification F594 Marten-sitic Alloy 410For A978M pipe Specif
45、ication F738M Mar-tensitic Alloy 410Specification F836M Marten-sitic Alloy 4105.7 GasketsIf gaskets are used in connecting, they shall bea band of expanded rubber meeting the requirements ofSpecification D1056 for the “RE” closed-cell grades, orO-rings meeting the requirements of Specification C443
46、orSpecification C443M, butyl rubber base joint sealant, or otherapproved resilient materials.6. Fabrication6.1 General RequirementsPipe shall be fabricated in fullcircular cross-section with helical lock seams and helical ribsprojecting outwardly.6.2 ProfileThe profile shall be essentially deltoid s
47、hapedribs projecting outward from the pipe wall. The dimensions ofthe ribs shall be in accordance with Table 1 for the sizeindicated on the order. For the 11.5-in. 292 mm rib spacing,if the sheet between the ribs does not include a lock seam, astiffener shall be included midway between the ribs. Thi
48、sstiffener shall have a nominal radius of 0.25 in. 6.4 mm anda minimum height of 0.20 in. 5.1 mm toward the outside ofthe pipe.6.3 Helical Lock SeamsThe lock seam shall be formed inthe flat zone of the pipe wall, between two ribs.6.3.1 The edges of the sheets within the cross section of thelock seam
49、 shall lap at least516 in. 7.9 mm with an occasionaltolerance of 10 % of the lap width allowable. The lappedsurfaces shall be in tight contact. The profile of the sheet shallinclude a retaining offset adjacent to the 180 fold (as describedin AASHTO T249) of one sheet thickness on one side of thelock seam. There shall be no visible cracks in the metal, loss ofsheet-to-sheet contact, or excessive angularity on the interior ofthe 180 fold of metal at the completion of forming the lockseam.6.3.2 Specimens cut from prod
