1、Designation: A985/A985M 18aStandard Specification forSteel Investment Castings General Requirements, forPressure-Containing Parts1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A985/A985M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of
2、 revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers a group of common require-ments that are mandatory for steel casting
3、s produced by theinvestment casting process for pressure-containing parts undereach of the following ASTM Specifications:Title of Specification ASTM DesignationSteel Castings, Carbon, Suitable for Fusion Welding, A216/A216Mfor High-Temperature ServiceSteel Castings, Martensitic Stainless and Alloy,
4、for A217/A217MPressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for High-Temperature ServiceCastings, Austenitic, for Pressure-Containing A351/A351MPartsSteel Castings, Ferritic and Martensitic, for Pressure- A352/A352MContaining Parts, Suitable for Low-TemperatureServiceSteel Castings, Alloy, Specially Heat-Trea
5、ted, for A389/A389MPressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for High-Temperature ServiceSteel Castings Suitable for Pressure Service A487/A487MCastings, Iron-Nickel-Chromium and Nickel Alloys, Spe-cially Controlled for Pressure-Retaining Parts forCorrosive ServiceA990/A990MCastings, Austenitic-Ferritic (
6、Duplex) Stainless Steel, forPressure-Containing PartsA995/A995M1.2 This specification also covers a group of supplementaryrequirements, which may be applied to the above specificationsas indicated therein. These requirements are provided for usewhen additional testing or inspection is desired, and a
7、pply onlywhen specified individually by the purchaser in the order.1.3 When investment casting is ordered, the requirements ofthis specification shall take precedence over the individualmaterial specification requirements.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded
8、 separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in nonconformancewith the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety con
9、cerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with
10、 internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:
11、2A216/A216M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Suit-able for Fusion Welding, for High-Temperature ServiceA217/A217M Specification for Steel Castings, MartensiticStainless and Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suit-able for High-Temperature ServiceA351/A351M Specification for Castings, Aus
12、tenitic, forPressure-Containing PartsA352/A352M Specification for Steel Castings, Ferritic andMartensitic, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable forLow-Temperature ServiceA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA380/A380M Practice for Cleaning, Descaling, and Passi
13、-vation of Stainless Steel Parts, Equipment, and SystemsA389/A389M Specification for Steel Castings, Alloy, Spe-cially Heat Treated, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suit-able for High-Temperature ServiceA487/A487M Specification for Steel Castings Suitable forPressure ServiceA488/A488M Practice for St
14、eel Castings, Welding, Qualifi-cations of Procedures and PersonnelA609/A609M Practice for Castings, Carbon, Low-Alloy,and Martensitic Stainless Steel, Ultrasonic ExaminationThereof1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is t
15、he direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.18 on Castings.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2018. Published September 2018. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as A985/A985M 18.DOI: 10.1520/A0985_A0985M-18A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.a
16、stm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO B
17、ox C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by
18、the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-cal Analysis of Steel ProductsA800/A800M Practice for Steel Casting, Austenitic Alloy,Estimating Ferrite Content ThereofA903/A903M Specification for Steel Castings, Surfa
19、ce Ac-ceptance Standards, Magnetic Particle and Liquid Pen-etrant InspectionA941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, RelatedAlloys, and FerroalloysA967/A967M Specification for Chemical Passivation Treat-ments for Stainless Steel PartsA990/A990M Specification for Castings, Iron-Nickel-Chr
20、omium and Nickel Alloys, Specially Controlled forPressure-Retaining Parts for Corrosive ServiceA991/A991M Test Method for Conducting TemperatureUniformity Surveys of Furnaces Used to Heat Treat SteelProductsA995/A995M Specification for Castings, Austenitic-Ferritic(Duplex) Stainless Steel, for Press
21、ure-Containing PartsA1058 Test Methods for Mechanical Testing of SteelProductsMetricA1067/A1067M Specification for Test Coupons for SteelCastingsA1080 Practice for Hot Isostatic Pressing of Steel, StainlessSteel, and Related Alloy CastingsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDete
22、rmine Conformance with SpecificationsE94/E94M Guide for Radiographic Examination Using In-dustrial Radiographic FilmE125 Reference Photographs for Magnetic Particle Indica-tions on Ferrous CastingsE165/E165M Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination forGeneral IndustryE186 Reference Radiographs for
23、Heavy-Walled (2 to 412 in.(50.8 to 114 mm) Steel CastingsE192 Reference Radiographs of Investment Steel Castingsfor Aerospace ApplicationsE208 Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test toDetermine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of Fer-ritic SteelsE280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (
24、412 to 12in. (114 to 305 mm) Steel CastingsE340 Practice for Macroetching Metals and AlloysE353 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Stainless,Heat-Resisting, Maraging, and Other Similar Chromium-Nickel-Iron AlloysE354 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of High-Temperature, Electrical, Magnetic, an
25、d Other Similar Iron,Nickel, and Cobalt AlloysE446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings Up to 2 in.(50.8 mm) in ThicknessE709 Guide for Magnetic Particle TestingE2660 Digital Reference Images for Investment Steel Cast-ings for Aerospace Applications2.2 ANSI Standard:3B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flang
26、ed Fittings2.3 ASME Standard:4ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section III, NB-25462.4 Standards of the Manufacturers Standardization Societyof the Valve and Fitting Industry:5MSS SP53 Quality Standard for Steel Castings and Forgingsfor Valves, Flanges and Fittings and Other Piping Com-ponents
27、(Magnetic Particle Exam Method)MSS SP 54 Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves,Flanges and Fittings and Other Piping Components (Ra-diographic Examination Method)2.5 SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice:6ARP 1341 Determining Decarburization and Carburizationin Finished Parts of Carbon and Low
28、-Alloy Steels3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe definitions in Test Methods and Defi-nitions A370, Terminology A941, and Test Methods A1058 areapplicable to this specification and to those listed in 1.1.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 heat, nall the molten metal poured from a
29、singlefurnace, or all of the molten metal from two or more furnaces,poured into a single ladle or casting prior to the replenishing ofthe furnace(s).3.2.2 investment casting, na metal casting that is producedin a mold obtained by investing (surrounding) an expendablepattern with a ceramic slurry, wh
30、ich is allowed to solidify. Theexpendable pattern may consist of wax, plastic, or othermaterial, and is removed prior to filling the mold with liquidmetal.3.2.3 master heat, na single furnace charge of alloy thatmay be either poured directly into castings or into remelt alloyfor individual melts.3.2
31、.4 sub-heat, na portion of master heat remelted withonly minor additions for deoxidation for pouring into castings.Synonymsmelt, production heat.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 When the purchaser imposes the requirements of thisspecification, the manufacturer is responsible for compliancewith the sp
32、ecification requirements during the production andprocessing of the casting by themselves and any of theirsubcontractors.4.2 Melting ProcessMaster heats shall be made by theelectric furnace process, with or without separate refining suchas argon-oxygen-decarburization (AOD), vacuum-oxygen-degassing
33、(VOD), vacuum-induction-melting (VIM), and soforth, unless otherwise specified in the individual specificationor agreed upon between the customer and producer. Master3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Availa
34、ble from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.5Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and FittingsIndustry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http:/www.mss-.
35、6Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.A985/A985M 18a2heats may be used directly for producing castings or convertedinto ingot, bar, shot, or other suitable form, not including gatesand risers from casting production,
36、for later remelting as asub-heat.4.3 Re-Melting ProcessSub-heats shall be produced frommaster heat metal in suitable batch sizes by electric inductionfurnace, with or without atmosphere protection such as vacuumor inert gas, unless otherwise agreed upon between the cus-tomer and producer. Revert (ga
37、tes, sprues, risers, and rejectedcastings) shall not be remelted except in master heats.4.4 Heat Treatment:4.4.1 Ferritic and martensitic steel shall be cooled afterpouring to provide substantially complete transformation ofaustenite prior to heat treatment to enhance mechanical prop-erties.4.4.2 Ca
38、stings shall be heat treated in the working zone of afurnace that has been surveyed in accordance with Test MethodA991/A991M.4.4.2.1 When castings are heat treated at temperaturesabove 2000 F 1100 C, then the working zone shall havebeen established by a survey performed at not more than 25 F15 C bel
39、ow nor more than 200 F 110 C above theminimum heat treatment temperature specified for the grade. Ifa minimum heat treatment temperature is not specified for thegrade, then the survey temperature shall be not more than 50 F30 C below nor more than 175 F 100 C above thefurnace set point used.4.4.2.2
40、The maximum variation in measured temperature, asdetermined by the difference between the highest temperatureand the lowest temperature, shall be as agreed between thepurchaser and producer, except that during production heattreatment no portion of the furnace shall be below theminimum specified tem
41、perature nor above the maximumspecified temperature for the grade being processed.4.5 Sampling:4.5.1 If castings are poured directly from one or moremaster heats, then the samples for chemical and other requiredtesting also shall be poured directly from each of the masterheats.4.5.2 If castings are
42、poured from a sub-heat, then thesamples for chemical and other required testing also shall bepoured from a sub-heat of that same master heat, but notnecessarily from the same sub-heat as the castings. Thesub-heat used for the test samples shall be produced using thesame melting practices and additio
43、ns as used to produce thecastings.4.5.3 Test specimens may be taken from castings or fromcoupons cast either integrally with the castings, in the samemolds as the castings, or in separate molds.4.5.4 Separately cast coupons for other than chemical analy-sis shall be cast in molds of the same materia
44、l as those used forthe castings, as shown in Specification A1067/A1067M, Figs.14, except when Supplementary Requirement S26 is speci-fied. The test coupon in Specification A1067/A1067M, Fig. 4shall be employed only for austenitic alloy castings with crosssections less than 212 in. 65 mm.74.5.5 Coupo
45、ns for chemical analysis may be chill cast.5. Chemical Composition5.1 Chemical AnalysisChemical analysis of materialscovered by this specification shall be in accordance with TestMethods, Practices, and Terminology A751.5.2 Heat AnalysisAn analysis of samples obtained inaccordance with 4.5 or Supple
46、mentary Requirement S29, asappropriate, shall be made by the manufacturer to determinethe percentages of the elements specified for the grade beingpoured. When drillings are used, they shall be taken not lessthan116 in. 1.6 mm beneath the surface. The chemicalcomposition thus determined shall be rep
47、orted to the purchaser,or their representative, and shall conform to the requirementsin the individual specification for the grade being poured.5.3 Product AnalysisA product analysis may be made bythe purchaser from material representing each master heat,sub-heat, lot, or casting. The analysis shall
48、 be made onrepresentative material. Samples for carbon analysis shall betaken no closer than116 in. 1.6 mm to a cast surface, exceptthat castings too thin for this shall be analyzed on representa-tive material. The chemical composition thus determined shallmeet the requirements specified in the appl
49、icable specificationfor the grade involved, or shall be subject to rejection by thepurchaser, except that the chemical composition determined forcarbon and low-alloy steel castings may vary from the speci-fied limits by the amounts shown in Table 1. The productanalysis tolerances of Table 1 are not applicable as acceptancecriteria for heat analysis by the casting manufacturer. Whencomparing product and heat analysis for other than carbon andlow-alloy steels, the reproducibility data R2 in Test MethodsE353 or E354, as applicable
