1、Designation: A 987 05Standard Test Method forMeasuring Shape Characteristics of Tin Mill Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 987; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、 A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 Shape is a significant quality characteristic for tin millproducts. Plate-shape is affected by mill process factors plusthe temper,
3、 thickness and width of the material supplied. It isthe purpose of this test method to define accurately the differentplate shape characteristics and to describe the method(s) mostcommonly used to measure particular characteristics.1.2 Quantitative limits are not addressed and should beestablished o
4、n an individual producer and user basis, whereappropriate.1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and to determine the applicability of
5、regula-tory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 599/A 599M Specification for Tin Mill Products, Elec-trolytic Tin Coated, Cold-Rolled SheetA 623 Specification for Tin Mill Products, General Require-mentsA 623M Specification for Tin Mill Products, General Re-quiremen
6、ts MetricA 624/A 624M Specification for Tin Mill Products, Elec-trolytic Tin Plate, Single ReducedA 625/A 625M Specification for Tin Mill Products, BlackPlate, Single ReducedA 626/A 626M Specification for Tin Mill Products, Elec-trolytic Tin Plate Double ReducedA 650/A 650M Specification for Tin Mil
7、l Products, BlackPlate, Double ReducedA 657/A 657M Specification for Tin Mill Products, BlackPlate Electrolytic Chromium-Coated, Single and DoubleReduced3. Classification3.1 The substrate shall conform to all the requirements ofthe appropriate specifications as follows: Specifications A 623,A 623M,
8、A 599/A 599M, A 624/A 624M, A 625/A 625M,A 626/A 626M, A 650/A 650M, and A 657.4. Significance and Use4.1 The definitions and procedures for measuring shapecharacteristics of tin mill products are provided so that pur-chasers and suppliers have common measuring procedures anddefinitions of shape cha
9、racteristics. These procedures providedefinitions and measuring techniques of shape characteristics.The intention of these definitions and measuring methods is notto provide a dimensional specification for shape characteristics,but rather common procedure(s) for quantifying shape anoma-lies.5. Inter
10、ferences5.1 Measurement of shape often has been subjective, at best.Successful measurement of various shape anomalies on quan-titative terms requires recognition of several factors that caninterfere with accurate measurements.5.1.1 Flat surfaces are required. Measurement of severalanomalies require
11、laying of the sample on a flat surface. Amachined flat surface is recommended. Laying a sample on afloor may introduce error due to areas on a floor that are notflat.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct respo
12、nsibility of SubcommitteeA01.20 on Tin Mill Products.Current edition approved March 1, 2005. Published March 2005. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as A 987 - 00.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at
13、 serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.1.2 Several anomalies are measured by hanging th
14、e sheet.Hanging by holding the sample with a hand can introduce errorfrom pressures exerted by fingers. A mechanical single deviceclamp to help hold these samples is recommended.5.1.3 Stepblock gages or tapered gages should be checkedregularly with a calibrated hand micrometer. Wear or dirt buildup
15、could affect accuracy.5.1.4 Computer-based shape measuring instrument3tablemust be clean and the sensors must be in good condition. Thesheet sample must be damage free.6. Apparatus6.1 Appropriate tools to measure shape anomalies are de-scribed along with drawings (attached) as required.6.1.1 Flat Su
16、rfaces Accurate measurements of shapeanomalies require a flat surface, machined flat preferred.6.1.2 Machined Stepblock GageSee Fig. 3, typically,steps are in116-in. increments.6.1.3 Tapered Gage See Fig. 4.6.1.4 Standard Ruler or Tape Measure.6.1.5 Hand Micrometer.6.1.6 Shape Test JigFig. 5, or oth
17、er shape test jigs ofappropriate design.6.1.7 Light-Weight Straight-Edge.6.1.8 Computer-based shape measuring instruments3aredesigned for flatness measurements on samples of cold rolledsheet products or tin mill products. The system consists of alarge steel table, computer-based operators console, a
18、nd amotor-driven bridge containing one or more LVDT positionsensors to contact the strip or by use of a laser sensor,noncontact measuring system.7. ProcedureDefinitions and Measuring Methods of ShapeAnomalies7.1 Wavy Edge (See Fig. 6):7.1.1 DefinitionA series of rolling direction edge devia-tions fr
19、om a recognized flat surface. When a sample is placedon a recognized flat table, wavy edges will appear as undula-tions along the edge, having the height (A) and a measurablecycle (B). This defect can be quantified using the “I” unit (seeSection 8) or steepness calculations.7.1.2 Measuring Methods:7
20、.1.2.1 A sample of approximately 3 ft 0.9 m in length bycoil width is placed on a flat table. Measure the height ( A)atthe peak point of each wave from the recognized flat surfacewith a tapered gage or a stepblock gage. Also measure thecycle length (B) from peak to peak of each wave with a ruleror t
21、ape measure.7.1.2.2 Measure using the computer-based shape measuringinstrument or other instrument of appropriate design.7.2 Ridge Buckle, Quarter Buckle, Center Buckle (see Fig.7):7.2.1 DefinitionThese buckles are continuous deviationsfrom a recognized flat surface occurring usually in narrowwidth
22、areas parallel to the rolling direction other than at thesheet edges.7.2.2 Measuring Methods:7.2.2.1 A sheet sample of approximately 3 ft 0.9 m by coilwidth is placed on a flat table. Push material diagonally alongthe sample to within 4 in. 10 cm of the selected corner andmeasure the vertical uplift
23、 using a tapered gage or a stepblockgage.7.2.2.2 Shear through the center line of the shape anomalyand measure as an edge wave using a tapered gage or astepblock gage.7.2.2.3 Measure using the computer-based shape measuringinstrument or other instrument of appropriate design.7.3 Full Center (see Fig
24、. 8):7.3.1 DefinitionAny overall deviation of a sheet from arecognized flat surface occurring over a major portion of thesheet width parallel to the rolling direction other than at thesheet edges.7.3.2 Measuring Methods:7.3.2.1 A sheet sample of approximately 3 ft 0.9 m by coilwidth is placed on a f
25、lat table. Push material diagonally alongthe sample to within 4 in. 10 cm of the selected corner andmeasure the vertical uplift using a tapered gage or a stepblockgage.7.3.2.2 Shear through the center line of the shape anomalyand measure as an edge wave using a tapered gage or astepblock gage.7.3.2.
26、3 Measure using the computer-based shape measuringinstrument or other instrument of appropriate design.7.4 Edge Lift (see Fig. 9):7.4.1 DefinitionAny deviation of one sheet edge otherthan a wavy edge. This edge lift is parallel to the rollingdirection and rises when placed on a recognized flat surfa
27、ce.7.4.2 Measuring Method A sheet sample of approxi-mately 3 ft 0.9 m by coil width is placed on a flat table. Pushmaterial diagonally along the sheet to within 4 in. 10 cm ofthe selected edge and measure the vertical distance (A) with atapered gage, a stepblock gage, or a standard ruler.7.5 Coil Se
28、t and Reverse Coil Set (see Fig. 10):7.5.1 DefinitionA bow condition or deviation in the sheetas measured from a recognized flat surface. The deviation runsparallel with the rolling direction and takes the shape of a coil.Reverse coil set reverses the shape of a coil. The degree of coilset usually i
29、s determined in a vertical, free-hanging positionwhen held against a straight-edge. Use of the shape test jig(Fig. 5) is highly recommended for this measurement.7.5.2 Measuring Methods:7.5.2.1 A sheet sample of approximately 3 ft 0.9 m by coilwidth should be held by a clamp or with the thumb and ind
30、exfinger. Hold the sample in the center of the rolling directiondimension. Hold the samples edges against a recognized3The sole source of supply of the contact or noncontact flatness measuringinstrument known to the committee at this time is SP shape characteristics; tin mill prod-ucts; tinplateA987
31、053FIG. 1 Shapemaster TL1000 Shape GageFIG. 2 Shapemaster TL1000 Shape GageA987054NOTE 1This is a stepblock gage for all thicknesses and sizes of cut sheets.NOTE 2Dimensions given are approximate overall dimensions.FIG. 3 Shape Stepblock GageNOTE 1This is a tapered gage for all thicknesses and sizes
32、 of cut sheets.FIG. 4 Shape Tapered GageNOTE 1To measure line bow (up or down) requires the use of a shape test jig.FIG. 5 Shape Test JigA987055FIG. 6 Wavy EdgeFIG. 7 Ridge Buckle, Quarter Buckle, Center BuckleFIG. 8 Full CenterA987056FIG. 9 Edge LiftFIG. 10 Coil Set and Reverse Coil SetA987057FIG.
33、11 TwistFIG. 12 CrossbowFIG. 13 CamberA987058FIG. 14 Lateral WeaveF = Flatness Index = The difference in length between perfect flatnessand a sine wave.F=KS2K = wave form constant which assumes sinewave shapeK = p2/4 = 2.47S = SteepnessS=A/BA = wave heightB = wave lengthF = 2.47 (A/B)2I Units = 2.47
34、 S23 105% Steepness = A/B 3 100FIG. 15 I-U CalculationA987059ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such p
35、atent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited e
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37、r hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).A9870510
