1、Designation: A989/A989M 13A989/A989M 15Standard Specification forHot Isostatically-Pressed Alloy Steel Flanges, Fittings,Valves, and Parts for High Temperature Service1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A989/A989M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearo
2、f original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers hot isostatically-pressed, pow
3、der metallurgy, alloy steel piping components for use in pressuresystems. Included are flanges, fittings, valves, and similar parts made to specified dimensions or to dimensional standards, suchas in ASME Specification B16.5.1.2 Several grades of alloy steels are included in this specification.1.3 S
4、upplementary requirements are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply onlywhen specified individually by the purchaser in the order.1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units. Unless the order specifies the applicable “M”
5、specification designation (SI units), however, the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in parentheses.brackets. The values stated in each sys
6、tem are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system mustbe used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to test methods portions, 8.1, 8.2, and 9.5 9.7 of this specif
7、ication: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitationsprior to use.2. Referen
8、ced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of Steel ForgingsA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel ProductsA961/A961M Specification for Common Requirements for Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for Pipi
9、ngApplicationsB311 Test Method for Density of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Materials Containing Less Than Two Percent PorosityE165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General IndustryE340 Test Method for Macroetching Metals and AlloysE606 Test Method for Strain-Controlled Fatigue Testing2.2 MSS
10、Standard:SP 25 Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings, Flanges, and Unions32.3 ASME Specifications and Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes:B16.5 Dimensional Standards for Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings41 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainles
11、s Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.22on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2013March 1, 2015. Published October 2013April 2015. Orig
12、inally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 20072013 asA989/A989M11.13. DOI: 10.1520/A0989_A0989M-13.10.1520/A0989_A0989M-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume
13、 information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http:/www.mss-.4 Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), AS
14、ME International Headquarters, ThreeTwo Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990,http:/www.asme.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically poss
15、ible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCop
16、yright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.4 ASME Section IX Welding Qualifications:SFA-5.5 Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Covered Arc-Welding Electrodes43. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 ca
17、n, nthe container used to encapsulate the powder during the pressure consolidation process that is removed partiallyor fully from the final part.3.1.2 compact, nthe consolidated powder from one can that may be used to make one or more parts.3.1.3 consolidation, nthe bonding of adjacent powder partic
18、les in a compact under pressure by heating to a temperature belowthe melting point of the powder.3.1.4 fill stem, nthe part of the compact used to fill the can that is not usually integral to the part produced.3.1.5 hot isostatic-pressing, na process for simultaneously heating and forming a compact
19、in which the powder is containedin a sealed formable enclosure, usually made from metal, and the so-contained powder is subjected to equal pressure from alldirections at a temperature high enough to permit plastic deformation and consolidation of the powder particles to take place.3.1.6 lot, na numb
20、er of parts produced from a single powder blend following the same manufacturing conditions.3.1.7 part, na single item coming from a compact, either prior to or after machining.3.1.8 powder blend, na homogeneous mixture of powder from one or more heats of the same grade.3.1.9 rough part, nthe part p
21、rior to final machining.4. Ordering Information4.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify in the purchase order all requirements that are necessary for materialordered under this specification. Such requirements may include, but are not limited to, the following:4.1.1 Quantity (weight
22、or number of parts).4.1.2 Name of material or UNS number.4.1.3 ASTM designation and year of issue.4.1.4 Dimensions (tolerances and surface finishes).4.1.5 Microstructure examination, if required (5.1.4).4.1.6 Inspection (14.1).4.1.7 Whether rough part or finished machined part (8.2.2).4.1.8 Suppleme
23、ntary requirements, if any.4.1.9 Additional requirements (see 7.2.1 and 16.1).4.1.10 Requirement, if any, that the manufacturer shall submit drawings for approval showing the shape of the rough part beforemachining and the exact location of test specimen material (see 9.3.1).5. Materials and Manufac
24、ture5.1 Manufacturing Practice:5.1.1 Compacts shall be manufactured by placing a single powder blend into a can, evacuating the can, and sealing it. The canmaterial shall be selected to ensure that it has no deleterious effect on the final product. The entire assembly shall be heated andplaced under
25、 sufficient pressure for a sufficient period of time to ensure that the final consolidated part meets the densityrequirements of 8.1.2.1. One or more parts shall be machined from a single compact.5.1.2 The powder shall be prealloyed and made by a melting method capable of producing the specified che
26、mical composition,such as but not limited to air or vacuum induction melting, followed by gas atomization.5.1.3 When powder from more than one heat is used to make a blend, the heats shall be mixed thoroughly to ensurehomogeneity.5.1.4 The compact shall be sectioned and the microstructure examined t
27、o check for porosity and other internal imperfectionsand shall meet the requirements of 8.1.3. The sample shall be taken from the fill stem or from a location in a part as agreed uponby the manufacturer and purchaser.5.1.5 Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, the manufacturer shall remo
28、ve the can material from the surfaces of theconsolidated compacts by chemical or mechanical methods, such as by pickling or machining. This removal shall be done beforeor after heat treatment at the option of the manufacturer (see Note 1).NOTE 1Often, it is advantageous to leave the can material in
29、place until after heat treatment or further thermal processing of the consolidated compact.6. Chemical Composition6.1 The steel both as a blend and as a part shall conform to the requirements for chemical composition prescribed in Table 1.Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751 shall apply.A98
30、9/A989M 1526.1.1 A representative sample of each blend of powder shall be analyzed by the manufacturer to determine the percentage ofelements prescribed in Table 1. The blend shall conform to the chemical composition requirements prescribed in Table 1.6.1.2 When required by the purchaser, the chemic
31、al composition of a sample from one part from each lot of parts shall bedetermined by the manufacturer. The composition of the sample shall conform to the chemical composition requirementsprescribed in Table 1.6.2 Addition of lead, selenium, or other unspecified elements for the purpose of improving
32、 the machinability of the compactshall not be permitted.6.3 The steel shall not contain an unspecified element, for the ordered grade, to the extent that the steel conforms to therequirements of another grade for which that element is a specified element having a required minimum content.7. Heat Tre
33、atment7.1 After hot isostatic-pressing, the compacts shall be annealed prior to heat treating in accordance with the requirements ofTable 2. At the option of the producer, this anneal shall be a separate operation following powder consolidation or shall be a partof the consolidation process.7.2 The
34、alloy steels shall be heat treated in accordance with the requirements of 7.1 and Table 2.7.2.1 Liquid QuenchingWhen agreed to by the purchaser, liquid quenching followed by tempering shall be permitted providedthe temperatures in Table 2 for each grade are utilized.7.2.1.1 MarkingParts that are liq
35、uid quenched and tempered shall be marked “QT”.7.3 See Supplementary Requirement S10 if a particular heat treatment method is specified by the purchaser in the purchaseorder.7.4 Time of Heat TreatmentHeat treatment of the hot isostatically-pressed parts shall be performed before or after machiningat
36、 the option of the manufacturer.8. Structural Integrity Requirements8.1 Microporosity:TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsUNSDesignation GradeComposition, %ACarbon Manganese Phosphorus,max Sulfur,max Silicon Nickel Chromium MolybdenumColumbiumplusTantalumTantalum,max TitaniumAlloy SteelsK90941 9 % chromium
37、 0.15 max 0.300.60 0.030 0.030 0.501.00 . . . 8.010.0 0.901.10 . . . . . . . . .K90901 9 % chromium, 1 % 0.08-0.12 0.300.60 0.020 0.010 0.200.50 0.40 max 8.09.5 0.851.05 Other Elementsmolybdenum, 0.2 % Cb 0.060.10vanadium plus N 0.030.07columbium and Al 0.04 maxnitrogen V 0.180.25K31545 chromium-mol
38、ybdenum 0.050.15 0.300.60 0.040 0.040 0.50 max . . . 2.73.3 0.801.06 . . . . . . . . .K21590 chromium-molybdenum 0.050.15 0.300.60 0.040 0.040 0.50 max . . . 2.002.50 0.871.13 . . . . . . . . .Class 1K21590 chromium-molybdenum 0.050.15 0.300.60 0.040 0.040 0.50 max . . . 2.002.50 0.871.13 . . . . .
39、. . . .Class 3A Maximum, unless otherwise specified.TABLE 2 Heat Treating RequirementsUNS No. Heat Treat Type Austenitizing/SolutioningTemperature, F CA Cooling Media Quenching, Coolto Below F C Tempering Temperature,min F CAlloy SteelsK90941 anneal 1750 955 furnace cool B Bnormalize and temper 1750
40、 955 air cool B 1250 675K90901 normalize and temper 1900-2000 1040-1095 air cool B 1350 730K31545 anneal 1750 955 furnace cool B BK21590 Class 1,3 anneal 1650 900 furnace cool B Bnormalize and temper 1650 900 air cool B 1250 675A Minimum unless temperature range is listed.B Not applicable.A989/A989M
41、 1538.1.1 The parts shall be free of microporosity as demonstrated by measurement of density as provided in 8.1.2 or bymicrostructural examination as provided in 8.1.3.8.1.2 Density Measurement:8.1.2.1 The density measurement shall be used for acceptance of material but not for rejection of material
42、.The measured densityfor each production lot shall exceed 99 % of the density typical of that grade when wrought and in the same heat treated conditionas the sample. A production lot that fails to meet this acceptance criterion is permitted, at the option of the producer, to be testedfor microporosi
43、ty in accordance with the microstructural examination as provided in 8.1.3.8.1.2.2 Density shall be determined for one sample from each production lot by measuring the difference in weight of the samplewhen weighed in air and when weighed in water and multiplying this difference by the density of wa
44、ter (Archimedes principle).The equipment used shall be capable of determining density within 60.004 lb/in.3 (0.100.10 g/cm3).Alternatively, at the optionof the producer, it is permitted to use Test Method B311 to determine the density.8.1.2.3 At the option of the producer, the density shall be compa
45、red to the room temperature density typical of wrought alloysteels or to the density of a wrought reference sample of the same grade heat treated in accordance with the requirements of Table2 (see Note 2). The typical density for alloy steel in the annealed condition at room temperature is 0.28 lb/i
46、n.3 (7.87.8 g/cm3).NOTE 2The actual density of alloy steel varies slightly with composition and heat treatment. For this reason, small differences in the measured densityfrom the typical density for a given grade of steel may be the result of differences in alloy content, heat treatment, or micropor
47、osity. When density valuesare measured that are less than the density typical of a given grade of steel, it is appropriate to examine the sample for microporosity by the more specificmetallographic examination procedures.8.1.3 Microstructural Examination:8.1.3.1 The microstructure when examined at 2
48、0-50, 100-200, and 1000-2000 shall be reasonably uniform and shall be freeof voids, laps, cracks, and porosity.8.1.3.2 One sample from each production lot shall be examined. The sample shall be taken, at the option of the producer, afterhot isostatic-pressing or after final heat treatment. The micro
49、structure shall meet the requirements of 8.1.3.1.8.1.3.3 If the sample fails to meet the requirements for acceptance, it is permitted to retest each part in the lot. Each part thatpasses the requirements of 8.1.3.1 shall be accepted.8.2 Hydrostatic TestsAfter they have been machined, pressure-containing parts shall be tested to the hydrostatic shell testpressures prescribed in ASME B16.5 for the applicable steel rating for which the part is designed, and shall show no leaks. Partsordered unde
