1、Designation: B200 85 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Specification forElectrodeposited Coatings of Lead and Lead-Tin Alloys onSteel and Ferrous Alloys1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B200; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in th
2、e case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This
3、specification covers the requirements for electrode-posited coatings of lead and lead-tin alloys on steel and ferrousalloys. The coatings of lead-tin alloys are those that range in tincontent up to but not exceeding 15 mass %. The coatingsranging between 3 and 15 mass % in tin content are known also
4、as “terne” metallic electrodeposits.1.2 This specification does not apply to sheet, strip, or wirein the unfabricated form.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only
5、to thetest method portion, Section 11, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability
6、of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) ApparatusB183 Practice for Preparation of Low-Carbon Steel forElectroplatingB242 Guide for Preparation of High-Carbon Steel for Elec-troplatingB320 Practice for Preparation
7、 of Iron Castings for Electro-platingB322 Guide for Cleaning Metals Prior to ElectroplatingB339 Specification for Pig TinB374 Terminology Relating to ElectroplatingB487 Test Method for Measurement of Metal and OxideCoating Thickness by Microscopical Examination of CrossSectionB499 Test Method for Me
8、asurement of Coating Thick-nesses by the Magnetic Method: Nonmagnetic Coatings onMagnetic Basis MetalsB504 Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Me-tallic Coatings by the Coulometric MethodB507 Practice for Design of Articles to Be Electroplated onRacksB567 Test Method for Measurement of Coati
9、ng Thicknessby the Beta Backscatter MethodB568 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thicknessby X-Ray SpectrometryB571 Practice for Qualitative Adhesion Testing of MetallicCoatingsB602 Test Method for Attribute Sampling of Metallic andInorganic CoatingsB697 Guide for Selection of Sampling Plans fo
10、r Inspectionof Electrodeposited Metallic and Inorganic Coatings3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions of the terms used in this speci-fication are in accordance with Terminology B374.4. Classification4.1 The coating designation shall comprise the following:4.1.1 The chemical symbol for the basis m
11、etal.4.1.2 The chemical symbol for the undercoating of copperor nickel, if used.4.1.3 The chemical symbol Pb representing lead or thesymbol Pb Sn for the lead-tin alloy. When tin is present, the tincontent of the coating will appear before the symbol Sn. Forexample, Pb 5 Sn refers to a coating havin
12、g the minimumcomposition 5 mass % tin, remainder lead.4.1.4 A number indicating the minimum thickness of thecoating in micrometres (m). This minimum thickness shall be6, 12, 25, or 40 m, and shall apply to all significant surfacesspecified in 8.2.2 and 8.3.1.1This specification is under the jurisdic
13、tion of ASTM Committee B08 onMetallic and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeB08.08.04 on Soft Metals.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009. Published December 2009. Originallyapproved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as B200 85 (2004).DOI: 10.1520/B02
14、00-85R09.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive
15、, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.2 Examples:4.2.1 Fe-Pb-5-Sn-40 represents a lead-tin alloy coatinghaving 5 mass % tin content, remainder lead, on a ferrous basismetal. The thickness is 40 m minimum.4.2.2 Fe-Cu-Pb-6 represents a lead coating on a ferrousbasis metal wi
16、th a copper strike. The thickness is 6 mminimum.5. Sampling5.1 LotAn inspection lot is defined as a collection offinished articles that are of the same kind, that have beenproduced to the same specification, that have been coated by asingle supplier at one time or at approximately the same timeunder
17、 essentially identical conditions, and that are submittedfor acceptance or rejection as a group.5.2 SelectionA random sample of the size required byTest Method B602 shall be selected from the inspection lot (see5.1). The articles in the lot shall be inspected for conformanceto the requirements of th
18、is specification and the lot shall beclassified as conforming or nonconforming to each requirementaccording to the criteria of the sampling plans in Test MethodB602.NOTE 1Test Method B602 contains three sampling plans that are tobe used with nondestructive test methods and a fourth to be used withde
19、structive test methods. The three methods for nondestructive tests differin the quality level they require of the product. Test Method B602 requiresuse of the plan with the intermediate quality level unless the purchaserspecifies otherwise. The purchaser should compare the plans with hisneeds and st
20、ate which plan is to be used. If the plans in Test Method B602do not serve the needs, additional ones are given in Guide B697.NOTE 2When both destructive and nondestructive tests exist for themeasurement of a characteristic, the purchaser needs to state which is tobe used so that the proper sampling
21、 plan is selected. Also, a test maydestroy the coating in a noncritical area; or, although it destroys thecoating, the tested article might be reclaimed by stripping and recoating.The purchaser needs to state whether the test is to be considereddestructive or nondestructive.5.3 Separate SpecimensIf
22、separate specimens are to beused to represent the finished articles in a test, the specimensshall be of the nature, size, number, and be processed asrequired in 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 and 6.4.6. Specimen Preparation6.1 Electroplated Parts or Separate SpecimensWhen theelectroplated parts are of such form, sha
23、pe, size, and value asto prohibit use thereof, or are not readily adaptable to a testspecified herein, or when destructive tests of small lot sizes arerequired, the test shall be made by the use of separatespecimens plated concurrently with the articles represented.The separate specimens shall be of
24、 a basis metal equivalent tothat of the articles represented. “Equivalent” basis metalincudes chemical composition, grade, condition, and finish ofsurface prior to electroplating. For example, a cold-rolled steelsurface should not be used to represent a hot-rolled steelsurface. Due to the impractica
25、lity of forging or casting separatetest specimens, hot-rolled steel specimens may be used torepresent forged and cast-steel articles. The separate specimensmay also be cut from scrap castings when ferrous alloy castingsare being electroplated. These separate specimens shall beintroduced into a lot a
26、t regular intervals before the cleaningoperations, preliminary to electroplating of specimens, includ-ing the spacing, plating media, bath agitation, and temperature,in respect to other objects being electroplated, shall correspondas nearly as possible to those affecting the significant surfacesof t
27、he articles represented. Unless a need can be demonstrated,separately prepared specimens shall not be used in place ofproduction items for nondestructive and visual examinations.6.2 Thickness and Adhesion Specimens If separate speci-mens for thickness and adhesion tests are required, they shallbe st
28、rips approximately 25 mm wide, 100 mm long, and 1 mmthick.6.3 Corrosion Resistance Specimens If separate speci-mens for corrosion resistance tests are required, they shall bepanels not less than 150 mm long, 100 mm wide, andapproximately 1 mm thick.6.4 Hydrogen Embrittlement Specimens If specimens a
29、rerequired, the configuration shall be that specified by thepurchaser.7. Significance and Use7.1 Electrodeposits of lead and lead-tin alloys on steel andferrous alloys are produced where it is desired to obtainatmospheric corrosion resistance. Deposits of lead and lead-tinalloys on steel have shown
30、to have excellent corrosion protec-tive qualities in atmospheric exposure, especially when under-coated by a thin deposit of copper (or nickel). Applications oflead and lead-tin alloy deposits include the following: protec-tion from dilute sulfuric acid; lining of brine refrigerationtanks; chemical
31、apparatus; and parts for storage batteries; andfor coating bearing surfaces. In this last application, lead iselectroplated alone, or as an alloy and coated with anothermetal, such as indium. The indium may be diffused into thelead or lead alloy by heat treatment. See Appendix X1.8. Ordering Informa
32、tion8.1 When ordering articles to be electroplated in accordancewith this specification, the purchaser shall state the coatingdesignation (see Section 4), the minimum thickness on signifi-cant surfaces, in addition to theASTM designation number andyear of issue.8.2 If necessary, the purchaser shall
33、include on his part,drawings, or purchase order the following:8.2.1 Electroplating application to high-strength steel, ifspecified (see 9.2.2).8.2.2 Location of significant surfaces, to be shown on partdrawing, or by the provision of a suitably marked sample.8.2.3 Hydrogen embrittlement test, if req
34、uired (see 6.4).8.2.4 Sample size for inspection, if other than specified (seeSection 5).8.2.5 Supplementary requirements, if applicable (seeSupplementary Requirements).8.2.6 Separate test specimens, if permitted (see 6.1).8.2.7 Certification, if required (see Section 13).8.3 The manufacturer of the
35、 basis metal parts should pro-vide the supplier of the coating facility, with the followingdata:8.3.1 Hardness or tensile strength of steel parts (see 9.2.2and 9.2.3).B200 85 (2009)28.3.2 Heat treatment for stress relief, whether or not it hasbeen performed or is required.9. Coating Requirements9.1
36、CompositionThe coating compositions shall be asspecified in Table 1.9.2 ProcessLead and lead-tin alloy coatings shall beproduced by electrodeposition in aqueous solution of salts. Forthe preparation of ferrous metal surfaces necessary to assuregood deposit, adhesion, and quality, see Practices B183,
37、 B242,B320, and B322.9.2.1 A copper or nickel strike, 2.5 m thick, may beemployed and is desirable (see X1.1.2).9.2.2 Steel parts with ultimate tensile strengths greater than1050 Mpa (approximately 32 HRC) and that have beenmachined, ground, cold-formed, or cold-straightened shall bestress relieved
38、before processing by heat treating for5hat1906 15C. Steel parts having an ultimate tensile strength greaterthan 2350 MPa (approximately 50 HRC) shall not be coatedwith lead or lead-tin alloys by electrodeposition.9.2.3 Steel parts with ultimate tensile strengths greater than1125 MPa (approximately 3
39、5 HRC) and greater, shall be heattreated within 4 h after plating to remove hydrogen embrittle-ment. The heat treatment shall be at least for3hat190615C.9.2.4 Defects and variations in appearance in the finish thatarise from surface conditions of the substrate (for example,scratches, pores, roll mar
40、ks, inclusions, etc.) and that persist inthe finish despite the observance of good metal-finishingpractices shall not be cause for rejection.NOTE 3Applied finishes generally perform better in service when thesubstrate over which they are applied is smooth and free of torn metal,inclusions, pores, an
41、d other defects. It is recommended that the specifi-cations covering the unfinished products provide limits for these defects.Ametal finisher can often remove defects through special treatments suchas grinding, polishing, abrasive blasting, chemical etching, and electropol-ishing. However, these are
42、 not normal in the treatment steps preceding theapplication of the finish. When they are desired they shall be the subjectof agreement between the buyer and the seller.9.3 ThicknessThe minimum thickness on significant sur-faces shall be 6, 12, 25, or 40 m, as designated by thepurchaser (see 8.1).9.4
43、 Significant SurfacesSignificant surfaces are defined asthose normally visible (directly or by reflection) or are essentialto the serviceability or function of the article; or can be thesource of corrosion products or tarnish films that interfere withthe function or desirable appearance of the artic
44、le. Whennecessary, the significant surfaces shall be indicated on thedrawings of the parts, or by the provision of suitably markedsamples.NOTE 4When significant surfaces are involved on which the specifiedthickness of finish cannot be readily controlled, it will be necessary toapply greater thicknes
45、s on the more accessible surfaces, to use specialracking, or both. The thickness requirements of this specification areminimum, (see Table 2). Variation in the finish thickness from point topoint on a coated article is inherent in electroplating. Therefore, the finishthickness will have to exceed th
46、e specified value at some points on thesignificant surfaces to ensure that it equals or exceeds the specified valueat all points. In most cases, the average finish thickness on an article willbe greater than the specified value; how much greater is largely deter-mined by the shape of the article (se
47、e Practice B507) and the character-istics of the plating process. In addition, the average finish thickness onarticles will vary from article to article within a production lot, Therefore,if all of the articles in a production lot are to meet the thicknessrequirement, the average finish thickness fo
48、r the production lot as a wholewill be greater than the average necessary to assure that a single articlemeets the requirement.9.5 Corrosion ResistanceLead and lead-tin coatings shallshow neither corrosion products of lead (or lead-tin) nor basismetal corrosion products at the end of the test period
49、, (seeTable 2), when tested by continuous exposure to salt spray inaccordance with 11.4. The appearance of corrosion productsvisible to the unaided eye at normal reading distance shall because for rejection except that corrosion products at the edgesof specimens shall not constitute failure.NOTE 5Corrosion is defined as the presence of more than 66 rustspots per square metre, or more than two rust spots in an area less than 3square decimetres, or rust spots larger than 1.6 mm in diameter.10. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance10.1 The surface of the electro
