1、Designation: B349/B349M 16Standard Specification forZirconium Sponge and Other Forms of Virgin Metal forNuclear Application1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B349/B349M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revis
2、ion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers one grade of virgin zirconiummetal commonly designated as sponge because of
3、 its porous,sponge-like texture, but it may also take other forms such aschunklets, suitable for use in nuclear applications.1.2 Unless a single unit is used, for example corrosion massgain in mg/dm2, the values stated in either inch-pound or SIunits are to be regarded separately as standard. The va
4、luesstated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore eachsystem must be used independently of the other. SI valuescannot be mixed with inch-pound values.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the
5、user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications3. Terminol
6、ogy3.1 Forms:3.1.1 chunklets, nzirconium metal produced from thereduction of the chloride, usually by sodium.3.1.1.1 DiscussionIn this process, the reduced metal ismelted and dripped onto a rotating disk to form chunklets.3.1.2 sponge, nzirconium metal produced from the reduc-tion of the chloride, u
7、sually by magnesium.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThe process is one where the metalcondenses to the solid state and does not melt.3.2 Lot Definitiona lot shall consist of a single blendproduced at one time.4. Classification4.1 Primary zirconium is furnished in one grade designatedas Reactor Grade R60001, suita
8、ble for nuclear applications.The main characteristic of the reactor grade is its low neutroncapture cross section as achieved by removal of hafnium. Themanufacturer must use procedures to prevent contaminationwith other high cross-section materials.5. Ordering Information5.1 Purchase orders for mate
9、rial under this specificationshall include the following information, as required, to describeadequately the desired material:5.1.1 Quantity (weight),5.1.2 Name of material (zirconium sponge or chunklets),5.1.3 Grade designation (see 4.1),5.1.4 ASTM designation and year of issue.5.2 In addition to t
10、he data specified in 5.1, the followingoptions and points of agreement between the manufacturer andthe purchaser shall be specified in the purchase order, asrequired.5.2.1 Sampling and duplicate samples (see 8.2 and 8.3).5.2.2 Certification reports (Section 14), and5.2.3 Packaging (Section 16).NOTE
11、1Atypical ordering description is as follows: 5000 lb (2000 kg)reactor grade zirconium, Grade R60001, ASTM Specification B349/B349M - 09.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Zirconium metal is usually prepared by reduction ofzirconium tetrachloride, and gets its physical characteristicsfrom the processes
12、 involved in production. These characteris-tics may be expected to vary greatly with manufacturingmethods. This specification, however, is not limited to materialprepared by reduction of tetrachloride or to material of anyspecific physical form.6.2 Only virgin zirconium metal, in identified, uniform
13、,well-mixed blends, shall be supplied under this specification.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10 onReactive and Refractory Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee B10.02 on Zirconium and Hafnium.Current edition approved May 1, 2016. Publish
14、ed May 2016. Originallyapproved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as B349/B349M 09.DOI: 10.1520/B0349_B0349M-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,
15、 refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States17. Chemical Composition7.1 The zirconium metal supplied under this specificationshall conform to the requirements for che
16、mical compositionprescribed in Table 1.8. Sampling8.1 This sampling method detailed in this section shall beconsidered the industry standard, but alternate methods areacceptable when agreed to by the manufacturer and thepurchaser. All sampling methods shall be such that the analysisis representative
17、 of the sponge blend.8.2 A blend of sponge shall be sampled by running a fullquantity through a proportioner or splitter to obtain a repre-sentative sample of at least 1 % of the blend weight. Thesamples for chemical analyses shall be made on a compactedbriquette and an evaluation ingot. The method
18、for splitting thissample and preparing an evaluation ingot and compactedbriquette shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer andthe purchaser.8.2.1 The evaluation ingot shall be greater than 30 lb (14kg).8.2.2 The compacted briquette shall be at least 1 lb (0.5 kg).8.3 When specified in the purch
19、ase order, a duplicatesample or portions of the briquette and evaluation ingot shallbe supplied to the purchaser.8.4 For metal forms other than sponge, such as chunklets,the sampling procedures shall be as agreed upon betweenpurchaser and manufacturer.9. Methods of Chemical Analysis9.1 The preparati
20、on and analytical methods detailed in thissection shall apply for the industry standard sampling methodsdetailed in Section 8. Alternate methods are acceptable whenagreed to by the manufacturer and the purchaser. At aminimum, analytical samples must consist of a melted solidmetal sample and an unmel
21、ted sponge sample. The solidsample shall be analyzed for all elements listed in Table 1except for chlorine, magnesium or sodium which must beanalyzed from the unmelted sponge sample. All preparationand analytical methods shall be such that the analysis isrepresentative of the sponge blend.9.2 Prepar
22、ation of Sample:9.2.1 Compact the sponge sample taken in accordance withSection 8 into a consumable electrode and melt to ingot formin an arc furnace of a type conventionally used for reactivemetals. The ingot shall be prepared for analysis by either of thefollowing two methods:9.2.1.1 Take a longit
23、udinal section through the center of theingot. Sample this section and analyze by appropriate means ata minimum of three places at approximately equal intervalsdiagonally from the top to the bottom of the section.9.2.1.2 Samples for chemical tests shall be taken from solidmetal below the surface por
24、osity of the as-cast ingot. Thesamples shall be taken from a minimum of three places equallyspaced along the axial length of the ingot.9.3 Analytical samples for the determination of chlorine,magnesium or sodium must be taken from the sponge, sincethese elements are volatilized in melting. Obtain th
25、is sample bydrilling a compacted sample of the sponge or chunklets.Sample the briquette by drilling, without water or otherlubricant, a minimum of three holes, each38 in. (9.5 mm) orlarger in diameter, at equal intervals on a circle, concentric withthe rounded surface of the briquette. Reject chips
26、until theflutes of the drill are14 in. (6 mm) below the surface of thebriquette. Take the sample chips from this point until the pointof the drill is within14 in. (6 mm) of the opposite surface of thebriquettes. Crush chips taken in this manner to pass a No. 4(4760-m) sieve and thoroughly mix.9.4 An
27、alyze one of the samples taken in accordance with9.2.1 for its uranium content. Analyze all samples taken inaccordance with 9.2.1 for all elements listed in Table 1 exceptfor chlorine, magnesium, sodium, and uranium.9.5 AnalysisAnalysis shall be made using the manufactur-ers standard methods. In the
28、 event of disagreement as to thechemical composition of the metal, chemical analysis forreferee purposes shall be determined by a mutually acceptablelaboratory. The average of the analyses for each impurity shallconform to the requirements of this specification, with noindividual value greater than
29、30 % above the maximum speci-fied limit for that impurity. Practice E29 shall be used toestablish significant digits.10. Particle Size10.1 Zirconium sponge supplied under this specificationshall pass a 1 in. (25 mm) screen and shall contain less than2 % minus 20 mesh particles.11. Retest11.1 If any
30、sample or specimen exhibits obviouscontamination, or improper preparation, or flaws which dis-qualify it as a representative sample, the sample shall bediscarded and a new sample or specimen substituted.TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements of Zirconium Sponge,Reactor Grade R60001Element Permissible Impurit
31、ies, max, ppmAluminum 75Boron 0.5Cadmium 0.5Carbon 250Chlorine 1300Chromium 200Cobalt 20Copper 30Hafnium 100Iron 1500Manganese 50Molybdenum 50Nickel 70Nitrogen 50Oxygen 1400Silicon 120Titanium 50Tungsten 50Uranium (total) 3.0Note 2 Magnesium or Sodium need to be tested only when they are used inthe
32、reduction step.B349/B349M 16212. Rejection12.1 Rejection for failure of the material to meet therequirements of this specification shall be reported to themanufacturer within 60 calendar days from the receipt of thematerial by the purchaser. Unless otherwise specified, rejectedmaterial may be return
33、ed to the manufacturer at the manufac-turers expense, unless the purchaser receives, within threeweeks of the notice of rejection, other instructions for dispo-sition.13. Referee13.1 In the event of disagreement between the manufacturerand the purchaser on the conformance of the material to therequi
34、rements of this specification or any special test specifiedby the purchaser, a mutually acceptable referee shall performthe tests in question. The results of the referees testing shall beused in determining conformance of the material to thisspecification.14. Certification14.1 A producers or supplie
35、rs certification shall be fur-nished to the purchaser that the material was manufactured,sampled, tested, and inspected in accordance with this speci-fication and has been found to meet the requirements. A reportof the test results shall be furnished.15. Product Marking15.1 The containers shall be l
36、egibly and permanentlymarked with the following information:15.1.1 Purchase order number,15.1.2 Name of material,15.1.3 Particle size range,15.1.4 Net weight,15.1.5 ASTM designation, and15.1.6 Date packed.16. Packaging and Package Marking16.1 The method of packaging shall be as agreed upon bythe man
37、ufacturer and the purchaser. Packaging shall be such asto assure safe delivery when shipped by any common carrier.The size and nature of the containers used are generallydetermined by the time and length of storage and the amount ofhandling involved. Where fire hazards or sponge deteriorationduring
38、prolonged storage are primary considerations, zirco-nium sponge should be packed in airtight, moisture-proof,sealed metal cans or drums which have been backfilled withargon.17. Keywords17.1 nuclear; virgin zirconium metal; zirconium chunklets;zirconium spongeASTM International takes no position resp
39、ecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This s
40、tandard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Interna
41、tional Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown bel
42、ow.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 163
