1、Designation: B389 81 (Reapproved 2016)Standard Test Method forThermal Deflection Rate of Spiral and Helical Coils ofThermostat Metal1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B389; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of re
2、vision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the thermaldeflection rate of spiral and helical coil
3、s of thermostat metal.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety
4、concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to become familiarwith all hazards including those identified in the appropriateSafety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as providedby the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and health
5、practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limi-tations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther-mometers3. Terminology3.1 thermostat metal, na composite material, usually inthe form of sheet or strip, comprising tw
6、o or more materials ofany appropriate nature, metallic or otherwise, that, by virtue ofdiffering expansivities of the components, tends to alter itscurvature when its temperature is changed.3.2 thermal deflection rate, nthe ratio of angular rotationto temperature change. It is a measure of the coils
7、 thermalactivity. It may have the units of angular degrees per degreeFahrenheit, or Celsius, and is expressed by the equationD =(A2A1)/(T2T1) where A2and A1are angular positionsat temperature T2and T1respectively.3.3 spiral coil, na part made by winding strip on itself.Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show typical
8、 spiral coils, which can be woundwith the low-expansive side inside or outside, mounted on thespecimen holder.3.4 helical coil, na part made by winding strip in a formwherein the plane of the width of the strip is parallel to theaxial length. Fig. 3 shows a typical helical coil, which can bewound wi
9、th the low-expansive side inside or outside, andright-hand or left-hand, mounted on the specimen holder.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test for thermal deflection rate of spiral and helicalcoils consists of measuring the angular rotation that a coilundergoes in response to a known temperature chan
10、ge.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method simulates, to a practical degree, theoperation of the thermostat metal coil.5.2 The thermal deflection properties of a coil may varyfrom lot-to-lot of thermostat metal material. This method isuseful for determining the optimum thickness and length of th
11、ematerial for a given deflection specification.5.3 This method is useful as a quality test to determineacceptance or rejection of a lot of thermostat metal coils.6. Apparatus6.1 Temperature BathA stirred liquid bath or uniformlyheated enclosure in which the specimen and mounting fixturecan be placed
12、 shall be used. An adjustable heating source isdesirable for maintaining the specimen at the desired tempera-tures with a variation in temperature throughout the specimennot to exceed 0.5F (0.3C).6.2 ProtractorThe angular position at each test tempera-ture shall be measured by a protractor with a mi
13、nimum divisionof 0.5.6.3 Temperature-Measuring ApparatusThe apparatus formaking temperature measurements shall be of such accuracythat the individual temperatures shall be known to be within60.5F (60.3C).1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B02 onNonferrous Metals and Alloys
14、 and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeB02.10 on Thermostat Metals and Electrical Resistance Heating Materials.Current edition approved May 1, 2016. Published May 2016. Originallyapproved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as B389 81 (2008).DOI: 10.1520/B0389-81R16.2For refere
15、nced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West C
16、onshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16.4 Specimen HolderThe preferred methods of holdingspiral and helical coils are as follows:6.4.1 Spiral CoilsThe specimen holder for spiral coilsshall provide means for securely holding the coil. Althoughother means of support are possible, the holder or mou
17、ntingarbor shall be preferably circular cross section whose diametershall be as large as possible without touching the inner turn ofthe coil under any conditions of test temperatures. The arborshall be slotted across its diameter and to a depth greater thanthe width of the specimen. The width of the
18、 slot shall beslightly narrower than the thickness of the specimen so that theinner tab will be a push or snug fit in the slot. The edges of theslot shall be sharp where it intersects the circumference of thearbor. The slot shall be so positioned in the arbor that the centerof rotation of the coil a
19、nd the center of the arbor coincide.6.4.2 Helical CoilsThe specimen holder for helical coilsshall provide means for securely holding the coil. Althoughother means of support are possible, the coil shall be held withits axis in a vertical position, the bottom end of the coil securedand the top end al
20、lowed to rotate freely with a temperaturechange. Preferably the end of the coil with the center tab shallbe considered the bottom and secured by clamping or press-fitting the tab into a slotted arbor similar to that described in6.4.1 for spiral coils. The depth of the slot shall be such that thefull
21、 height of the tab shall be held. If the coils do not have acenter tab, the arbor shall contain provisions for attaching thecoil with screws, rivets, or by welding. A transmission pointercan be affixed to the top end. The center line of the coil, thetransmission pointer, and the protractor shall coi
22、ncide.6.4.3 Deviations from these procedures of holding may benecessary when simulating the mounting used in the device forwhich the coil was designed, or in cases where coils are pressfitted on arbors. In these cases, the details of mounting shouldbe mutually agreed upon between the manufacturer an
23、d thepurchaser.6.5 Transmission Pointer:6.5.1 Spiral CoilsTo the outer end of the spiral coil shallbe attached a pointer that will transmit the rotation of the coilso that it can be read on the protractor. The pointer shall be oflightweight construction and attached to the coil by suitablemeans so t
24、hat the movement of these portions of the coil thatdo not normally contribute to the movement of the coil with atemperature change shall not influence the rotation of thepointer. The pointer, when using the fixture shown in Fig. 1,shall be so positioned that its tip shall ride slightly above thedivi
25、sions of the protractor, but shall not touch the protractor atany time during the test. The pointer, when using the fixtureshown in Fig. 2, shall be of sufficient length so that the top mayprotrude from the bath when the coil is submerged. The pointerfor either method, shall be so positioned that it
26、 will be in linewith the radius of the protractor and the specimen.6.5.2 Helical CoilsTo the free end of the helical coils shallbe attached a shaft that will transmit the rotation of the coil sothat it can be read on the protractor. The shaft can consist of awire or rod and shall be of lightweight c
27、onstruction. It shall beattached to the coil by a suitable means so that the movementof those portions of the coil that does not normally contributeto the movement of the coil with a temperature change shall notinfluence the rotation of the shaft. The transmission shaft shallbe so located that its m
28、ain axis coincides with the center line ofthe coil. It shall be at right angles to the plane of the protractorand shall pass through its center. The end of the transmissionshaft shall be so bent or an extension pointer so attached atright angles to the main body of the transmission shaft that itstip
29、 shall ride slightly above the divisions on the protractor, butshall not touch the protractor at any time during the test.6.5.3 The angular position of the pointer shall be known toan accuracy of 0.25 at each test temperature.7. Sampling7.1 Test for thermal deflection rate shall be taken in amanner
30、to assure representative sampling of the test lot. A lot,for quality control purposes, comprises of the finished yield ofone bonded coil of material. Sampling shall consist of partsmade from each cut of material across the bonded width.Frequency of sampling shall be mutually agreed upon betweenthe m
31、anufacturer and the purchaser.8. Procedure8.1 After all forming operations and before testing, subjectthe specimen to a stabilizing heat treatment to relieve internalstresses. This treatment shall consist of heating the specimen,while free to rotate, for a prescribed time and temperature. Thedetails
32、 of the stabilizing procedure will depend upon theFIG. 1 Spiral CoilB389 81 (2016)2characteristics of the thermostat metal being tested and shall bemutually agreed upon between the manufacturer and thepurchaser.8.2 Mount the specimen with the pointer attached on thespecimen holder. Place the specime
33、n holder with the specimenin the first bath of the desired temperature. When temperatureof the specimen has reached the bath temperature, measure andrecord the angular position of the transmission pointer and thebath temperature.8.3 Establish the next chosen temperature and measure andrecord the pos
34、ition of the pointer and the bath temperature.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate the thermal deflection rate as follows:D 5 A22 A1!/T22 T1!where:D = thermal deflection rate,A2= final angular position of pointer,A1= initial angular position of pointer,T2= final temperature corresponding to position A2, andT
35、1= initial temperature corresponding to position A1.10. Report10.1 The report shall include the following:10.1.1 Type of thermostat metal,10.1.2 Dimensions of material,10.1.3 Dimensions of coil,10.1.4 Temperature and time of stabilizing heat treatment,10.1.5 Dimensions of arbor,10.1.6 Temperature ra
36、nge of test, and10.1.7 Thermal deflection rate.FIG. 2 Spiral CoilB389 81 (2016)311. Precision and Bias11.1 The reliability of the results of the thermal deflectionrate depends on the method and apparatus. The most commonsources of variations in test results are (1) bath temperaturenonuniformity, (2)
37、 unverified temperature measuringapparatus, and (3) parallax when reading the angle.11.2 The bias of test is that prescribed in Section 6 for thequality of apparatus.12. Keywords12.1 helical coil; spiral coil; thermal deflection rate; ther-mostat metalASTM International takes no position respecting
38、the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard
39、 is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International
40、Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This
41、 standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 3 Helical CoilB389 81 (2016)4
