1、Designation: B392 18Standard Specification forNiobium and Niobium Alloy Bar, Rod, and Wire1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B392; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numbe
2、r in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers four grades of wrought nio-bium and niobium alloy bar, rod, and wire as follows:1.1.1 R04200-Type 1Reactor grade u
3、nalloyed niobium,1.1.2 R04210-Type 2Commercial grade unalloyedniobium,1.1.3 R04251-Type 3Reactor grade niobium alloy contain-ing 1 % zirconium, and1.1.4 R04261-Type 4Commercial grade niobium alloycontaining 1 % zirconium.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The va
4、lues given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to es
5、tablish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principl
6、es for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B391 Specification for Niobium and Niobium Alloy IngotsE8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of
7、 Metallic Ma-terialsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE2626 Guide for Spectrometric Analysis of Reactive andRefractory Metals (Withdrawn 2017)33. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 lot, na lot shall cons
8、ist of all material produced fromthe same ingot at one time, with the same cross section,processed with the same nominal metallurgical parameters andheat treated at the same conditions.3.1.2 bar, nmaterial less than 6 in. (152.4 mm) in widthand 0.187 in. (4.75 mm) or greater in thickness, with arect
9、angular cross section, supplied in straight lengths.3.1.3 rod, nmaterial 0.125 to 2.50 in. (3.18 to 63.50 mm)in diameter, in round, hexagonal, or octagonal cross sectionsupplied in straight lengths.3.1.4 wire, nmaterial 0.020 to 0.124 in. (0.51 to 3.15 mm)in diameter, furnished in coils or on spools
10、 or reels. Materialless than 0.020 in. (0.51 mm) in diameter is not covered by thisspecification.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for materials under this specification shall in-clude the following information as applicable:4.1.1 Type and grade (Section 1),4.1.2 ASTM designation and year of issue,4
11、.1.3 Method of manufacture (Section 5),4.1.4 Temper designation (Section 8),4.1.5 Quantity in weight, number of pieces, and dimensions,4.1.6 Chemistry (6.3),4.1.7 Mechanical properties (Section 7),4.1.8 Condition (8.2),4.1.9 Permissible Variations (9.2),4.1.10 Permissible overshipments (9.4),4.1.11
12、Quality and finish (Section 10),4.1.12 Sampling (Section 11),4.1.13 Inspection (Section 15),4.1.14 Required reports (Section 17), and4.1.15 Additions to the specification and supplementaryrequirements, as required.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10 onReactive and Ref
13、ractory Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee B10.03 on Niobium and Tantalum.Current edition approved April 1, 2018. Published May 2018. Originallyapproved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as B392 091which waswithdrawn January 2018 and reinstated in April 2
14、018. DOI: 10.1520/B0392-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this
15、 historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the
16、Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.15. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Material covered by this specification shall be madefrom ingots that conform to Specifi
17、cation B391 and that areproduced by vacuum or plasma arc melting, vacuum electron-beam melting, or a combination of these three methods.5.2 The various niobium mill products covered by thisspecification are formed with the conventional extrusion,forging, swaging, rolling, and drawing equipment norma
18、llyavailable in metal working plants.6. Chemical Requirements6.1 The niobium and niobium alloy ingots and billets forconversion to finished products covered by this specificationshall conform to the requirements for chemical composition asprescribed in Table 1.6.2 The manufacturers ingot analysis sh
19、all be consideredthe chemical analysis for products supplied under thisspecification, except for interstitials as specified in 6.3.Alternately, an analysis of a representative sample of in processor final product from the same ingot may be substituted.6.3 When requested by the purchaser at the time
20、ofpurchase, the manufacturer shall furnish a report certifying thevalues of the interstitial elements (C, O, N, H) on end product,as prescribed in Table 2 for each lot of material supplied. Endproduct interstitial samples must be taken after all thermal andchemical processing.6.4 Guide E2626 is reco
21、mmended as a guide, where appli-cable.7. Mechanical Requirements7.1 The annealed materials supplied under this specificationshall conform to the requirements for mechanical properties asspecified in Table 3.8. Temper Designations8.1 Unless otherwise stated, the materials supplied underthese specific
22、ations shall be in the fully annealed condition,that is, at least 90 % recrystallized.8.2 Other temper designations, such as cold-worked temperor stress-relieved temper, can be specified as agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the manufacturer at the time ofpurchase.9. Permissible Variations in Dime
23、nsions and Weight9.1 Tolerances on RoundsTolerances on niobium andniobium alloy round products covered by this specificationshall be as prescribed in Table 4.9.2 Tolerances for Square, Rectangular, or Other ShapesTolerances for forged or rolled square, rectangular, or othershapes shall be as agreed
24、upon between the purchaser and themanufacturer at the time of purchase.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsElementType 1(ReactorGradeUnalloyedNiobium)R04200Type 2(CommercialGradeUnalloyedNiobium)R04210Type 3(ReactorGradeNiobium-1%Zirconium)R04251Type 4(CommercialGradeNiobium-1%Zirconium)R04261Max Weight %
25、(Except Where Otherwise Specified)Each Ingot:Carbon 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01Nitrogen 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01Oxygen 0.015 0.025 0.015 0.025Hydrogen 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015Zirconium 0.02 0.02 0.8 to 1.2(range)0.8to1.2(range)Tantalum 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.5Iron 0.005 0.01 0.005 0.01Silicon 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005Tu
26、ngsten 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.05Nickel 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005Molybdenum 0.010 0.020 0.010 0.050Hafnium 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02Titanium 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.03When Specified:Boron 2 ppm . 2 ppm .Aluminum 0.002 0.005 0.002 0.005Beryllium 0.005 . 0.005 .Chromium 0.002 . 0.002 .Cobalt 0.002 . 0.002 .TABLE 2 Addition
27、al Chemical Requirements for Finished Product(When Specified by the Purchaser)ElementType 1(Reactor GradeUnalloyedNiobium)R04200Type 2(CommercialGradeUnalloyedNiobium)R04210Type 3(Reactor GradeNiobium1 %Zirconium)R04251Type 4(CommercialGradeNiobium1 %Zirconium)R04261Maximum Weight %Oxygen 0.0250 0.0
28、400 0.0250 0.0400Carbon 0.0100 0.0150 0.0100 0.0150Nitrogen 0.0100 0.0100 0.0100 0.0100Hydrogen 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015TABLE 3 Mechanical Properties, Annealed Condition (90 %Minimum Recrystallized)GradeUltimate TensileStrength, Min, psi(MPa)Yield Strength, psi(MPa)Elongationmin %,mmARod, 0.125 i
29、n. (3.18 mm) to 2.5 in. (63.5 mm) diameterTypes 1 and 2 18 000 (125) 10 500 (73) 25Types 3 and 4 28 000 (195) 18 000 (125) 20Wire, 0.020 in. (0.51 mm) to 0.124 in. (3.15 mm)Types 1 and 2 18 000 (125) . 20Types 3 and 4 28 000 (195) . 15A10 in. (254 mm) gage length to 0.050 in. (1.27 mm) diameter, and
30、 1 in. (25.4 mm)or 2 in. (50.8 mm) gage length equal to or over 0.050 in. (1.27 mm).TABLE 4 Permissible Variations in Dimensions for Rolled,Swaged, or Drawn Rod and WireDiameter, in. (mm) Tolerances, plus or minus, in. (mm)0.0200.030 excl (0.510.76) 0.00075 (0.019)0.0300.060 excl (0.761.52) 0.001 (0
31、.025)0.0600.090 excl (1.522.29) 0.0015 (0.038)0.0900.125 excl (2.293.18) 0.002 (0.051)0.1250.187 excl (3.184.75) 0.003 (0.076)0.1870.375 excl (4.759.53) 0.004 (0.102)0.3750.500 excl (9.5312.7) 0.005 (0.127)0.5000.625 excl (12.715.9) 0.007 (0.178)0.6250.750 excl (15.919.1) 0.008 (0.203)0.7501.000 exc
32、l (19.125.4) 0.010 (0.254)1.0001.500 excl (25.438.1) 0.015 (0.381)1.5002.000 excl (38.150.8) 0.020 (0.508)2.0002.500 incl (50.863.5) 0.030 (0.762)B392 1829.3 Other Tolerances and Limitations:9.3.1 The permissible variations in cut lengths shall notexceed a total of 0.25 in. (6.35 mm).9.3.2 The permi
33、ssible variation in straightness of roundsshall not exceed 0.050 in./ft (4.2 mm/m) in any length.9.4 Quantity or WeightFor orders requiring up to 100 ft(30.5 m) of finished product, the manufacturer may overship by20 %. When the order is for quantities up to 1000 ft (305 m) or1000 lb (453.6 kg), the
34、 manufacturer may overship by 10 %.The permissible overshipment shall be negotiated for orderslarger than this quantity.10. Quality and Finish10.1 Finished niobium and niobium alloy bar, rod, and wireshall be free of injurious internal and external imperfections ofa nature that will interfere with t
35、he purpose for which it wasintended. Material may be finished as-rolled, as-cleaned, as-ground, or as-machined. If shipped as hot-worked, cold-worked, cleaned, or ground, the manufacturer shall be permit-ted to remove minor surface imperfections, if such removaldoes not reduce the dimensions below t
36、he minimum permittedby the tolerances specified in Table 4.10.2 The finished bars, rods, or wire shall be visibly free ofoxide, grease, oil, residual lubricants, and other extraneousmaterials.10.3 The finished bars, rods, or wire shall be visibly free ofcracks, seams, slivers, burrs, blisters, and o
37、ther injuriousimperfections.10.4 Methods of testing for these defects and standards ofacceptability shall be as agreed upon between the manufacturerand the purchaser.11. Sampling11.1 Samples for chemical and mechanical testing shall betaken from the finished material after all metallurgical process-
38、ing to determine conformity to this specification. The samplesmay be taken prior to final inspection and minor surfaceconditioning by abrasion and pickling, and shall be represen-tative of the finished product.11.2 Care shall be exercised to ensure that the sampleselected for testing is representati
39、ve of the material and that itis not contaminated by the sampling procedure. If there is anyquestion relating to the sampling technique or the analysisthereof, the methods of sampling and analysis shall be asagreed upon between the purchaser and the manufacturer.12. Number of Tests and Retests12.1 A
40、 minimum of one sample from each lot of bars, rods,or wire shall be tested for tensile properties in the longitudinaldirection.12.2 If end-product chemical tests are required (6.3), onechemical test shall be made from each lot of finished product.12.3 RetestsIf any sample or specimen exhibits obviou
41、ssurface contamination or improper preparation, disqualifying itas a truly representative sample, it shall be discarded and a newsample or specimen substituted.12.3.1 In case of a failure, retest two additional specimens.If both retest specimens conform to this specification, discardthe original val
42、ues and consider the material acceptable;otherwise, the lot shall be rejected or reworked and tested.12.4 If the results of the final product inspections are not inconformance with the requirements of this specification, the lotmay be reworked at the option of the manufacturer. The lotshall be accep
43、table if results of all tests, after reworking,conform to this specification.13. Significance of Numerical Limits13.1 For the purposes of determining compliance with thespecified limits for requirements of the properties listed in thisspecification, an observed value or a calculated value shall bero
44、unded as indicated in accordance with the rounding methodof Practice E29.14. Test Methods14.1 Tension TestConduct tension tests in accordance withTest Methods E8/E8M. Determine the yield strength by the0.2 % offset method. Small size, 1-in. (25.4-mm) gage lengthspecimens proportional to the standard
45、 specimen can be used.Determine tensile properties using a strain rate of 0.003 to0.007 in./in./min (.076 to .178 mm/mm/min) through the yieldpoint. After the yield strength has been exceeded, increase thecross-head speed to approximately 0.02 to 0.05 in./in./min(.500 to 1.27 mm/mm/min) to failure.1
46、5. Inspection15.1 If so specified on the purchase order, the purchaser orhis representative may witness the testing and inspection of thematerial at the place of manufacture. In such cases, thepurchaser shall state in his purchase order which tests hedesires to witness. The manufacturer shall give a
47、mple notice tothe purchaser as to the time and place of the designated test. Ifthe purchasers representative does not present himself at theagreed-upon time for the testing, and if no new date is set, themanufacturer shall consider the requirement for purchasersinspection at the place of manufacture
48、 to be waived. When theinspector representing the purchaser does appear at the ap-pointed place and time, the manufacturer shall afford him allreasonable facilities to see that the material is being furnishedin accordance with this specification. This inspection shall beconducted so as not to interf
49、ere unnecessarily with productionoperations.16. Rejection and Rehearing16.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements ofthis specification may be rejected. Rejection should be reportedto the producer or supplier promptly and in writing. In case ofdissatisfaction with the results of the test, the producer orsupplier may make claim for a rehearing.16.2 In the event of disagreement between the manufacturerand the purchaser about the conformance of the material to therequirements of this specification or any special test specifiedby
