1、Designation: B 428 93 (Reapproved 2004)Standard Test Method forAngle of Twist in Rectangular and Square Copper andCopper Alloy Tube1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 428; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of re
2、vision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method
3、 establishes the requirements for thedetermination of the angle of twist in rectangular and squarecopper and copper alloy tube.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish a
4、ppro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Significance and Use2.1 The rectangular or square copper alloy tube covered bythis test method may be used in applications in which controlof twist is important to proper fit in final a
5、ssembly and tominimize rework to bring the tube into compliance. It isrecognized that the amount of twist, in degrees, per incrementof length can change as a result of the weight of the productand its length during measurement.2.2 This test method provides a procedure for measuring thetwist in squar
6、e and rectangular copper and copper alloy tubesas a measure of the deviation from straightness.2.3 This test method allows the purchaser and supplier ormanufacturer to inspect square and rectangular copper andcopper alloy tube with a standard technique that providesacceptable twist in delivered tube
7、s.3. Apparatus3.1 Horizontal Reference Plane (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) ofsufficient length to support the tube specimen and a clampingdevice to hold one end of the specimen against the referenceplane.3.2 Transparent Plastic Protractor Segment engraved withangle lines as shown in Fig. 3.3.3 Parallel Fa
8、ce Blocks.4. Procedure4.1 Place the tube specimen lengthwise on the referenceplane. Whenever the specimen has noticeable edgewise curva-ture, place the specimen so that a side having convex curvatureis in contact with the reference plane. Further placementrequirements are as follows:4.1.1 For rectan
9、gular tube, place a major outer dimensionside (width side) against the reference plane, as shown in Fig.1.4.1.2 For square tube, having curvature along all edges,place the specimen so that the side with the least convexcurvature is against the reference plane.4.2 Clamp one end of the specimen so tha
10、t the tube surface,adjacent to that end and facing the reference plane, will be infirm contact with this plane. Keep the other end of thespecimen free.4.3 Position the protractor segment flush against the freeend of the specimen, as shown in Fig. 2, and measure the totalangle of twist by reading the
11、 degrees for that angle line whichmost nearly coincide with the lower outside edge of the tubeend. In making this reading, keep the lower edge of theprotractor segment in contact with the reference plane or holdit parallel to this plane by use of the parallel face blocks.4.4 The angle of twist per u
12、nit length is the total angle oftwist for the specimen divided by its length and shall becalculated according to the units specified in the materialspecification.5. Precision and Bias5.1 This test method is unaffected by edgewise curvature ofthe specimen, and the precision for measurement of total a
13、ngleof twist is 60.5.5.2 This test method has no bias because the values of twistare a direct measurement based on the accuracy of theprotractor and the observation of the operator.6. Keywords6.1 angle; copper; copper alloy; rectangular; square; tube;twist1This test method is under the jurisdiction
14、of ASTM Committee B05 on Copperand Copper Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.06 onMethods of Test.Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published May 2004. Originallyapproved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as B 428 93 (1998)e1.1Copyright ASTM International,
15、100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the
16、 validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your
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18、have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).B 428 93 (2004)2
