1、Designation: B 428 09Standard Test Method forAngle of Twist in Rectangular and Square Copper andCopper Alloy Tube1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 428; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o
2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test method establishes the r
3、equirements for thedetermination of the angle of twist in rectangular and squarecopper and copper alloy tube.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesaf
4、ety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B 846 Terminology for Copper an
5、d Copper Alloys3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms related to copper and copperalloys, refer to Terminology B 846.4. Significance and Use4.1 The rectangular or square copper alloy tube covered bythis test method may be used in applications in which controlof twist is important to proper fit i
6、n final assembly and tominimize rework to bring the tube into compliance. It isrecognized that the amount of twist, in degrees, per incrementof length can change as a result of the weight of the productand its length during measurement.4.2 This test method provides a procedure for measuring thetwist
7、 in square and rectangular copper and copper alloy tubesas a measure of the deviation from straightness.4.3 This test method allows the purchaser and supplier ormanufacturer to inspect square and rectangular copper andcopper alloy tube with a standard technique that providesacceptable twist in deliv
8、ered tubes.5. Apparatus5.1 Horizontal Reference Plane (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) ofsufficient length to support the tube specimen and a clampingdevice to hold one end of the specimen against the referenceplane.5.2 Transparent Plastic Protractor Segment engraved withangle lines as shown in Fig. 3.5.3 Pa
9、rallel Face Blocks.6. Test Specimen6.1 The test specimen shall be cut to a minimum length of10 in. and a maximum length of 15 in.7. Procedure7.1 Place the tube specimen lengthwise on the referenceplane. Whenever the specimen has noticeable edgewise curva-ture, place the specimen so that a side havin
10、g convex curvatureis in contact with the reference plane. Further placementrequirements are as follows:7.1.1 For rectangular tube, place a major outer dimensionside (width side) against the reference plane, as shown in Fig.1.7.1.2 For square tube, having curvature along all edges,place the specimen
11、so that the side with the least convexcurvature is against the reference plane.7.2 Clamp one end of the specimen so that the tube surface,adjacent to that end and facing the reference plane, will be infirm contact with this plane. Keep the other end of thespecimen free.7.3 Position the protractor se
12、gment flush against the freeend of the specimen, as shown in Fig. 2, and measure the totalangle of twist by reading the degrees for that angle line whichmost nearly coincide with the lower outside edge of the tubeend. In making this reading, keep the lower edge of theprotractor segment in contact wi
13、th the reference plane or holdit parallel to this plane by use of the parallel face blocks.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B05 on Copperand Copper Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.06 onMethods of Test.Current edition approved April 1, 2009. Pu
14、blished May 2009. Originallyapproved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as B 428 08.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Docum
15、ent Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7.4 The angle of twist per unit length is the total angle oftwist for the specimen
16、divided by its length and shall becalculated according to the units required by the productspecification.8. Precision and Bias8.1 This test method is unaffected by edgewise curvature ofthe specimen, and the precision for measurement of total angleof twist is 60.5.8.2 This test method has no bias bec
17、ause the values of twistare a direct measurement based on the accuracy of theprotractor and the observation of the operator.9. Keywords9.1 angle of twist; copper; copper alloy; rectangular tube;square tube; twistB428092SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee B05 has identified the location of selected changes t
18、o this test method since the last issue(B 428 08) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved April 1, 2009.)(1) Section 6.1 updated.Committee B05 has identified the location of selected changes to this test method since the last issue(B 428 93 (2004) that may impact the use of this standard
19、. (Approved Oct. 1, 2008.)(1) Added Section 2, Referenced Documents(2) Added Section 3, Terminology(3) Added Section 6, Test SpecimensASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standa
20、rd are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif
21、 not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, whi
22、ch you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).B428093
