1、Designation: B495 10 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Specification forZirconium and Zirconium Alloy Ingots1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B495; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisio
2、n. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers six grades of zirconium ingots.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.
3、The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Section 10, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address al
4、l of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, andenvironmental practices and determine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in ac
5、cor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 A
6、STM Standards:2E114 Practice for Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Straight-BeamContact TestingE2626 Guide for Spectrometric Analysis of Reactive andRefractory Metals (Withdrawn 2017)33. Terminology3.1 Lot Definitions:3.1.1 ingot, na quantity of metal cast into a shape suitablefor subsequent processing to vario
7、us mill products.4. Classification4.1 The ingots are furnished in six grades as follows:4.1.1 Grade R60700Low oxygen unalloyed zirconium.4.1.2 Grade R60702Unalloyed zirconium.4.1.3 Grade R60703Unalloyed zirconium, metallurgicalgrade.4.1.4 Grade R60704Zirconium-tin alloy.4.1.5 Grade R60705Zirconium-n
8、iobium alloy.4.1.6 Grade R60706Zirconium-niobium alloy.5. Ordering Information5.1 Orders for materials under this specification shall in-clude the following information:5.1.1 Quantity (weight),5.1.2 Name of material (zirconium ingot),5.1.3 Grade number (Section 4),5.1.4 ASTM designation and year of
9、issue,5.1.5 Finish (Section 8), and5.1.6 Additions to the specification and supplementaryrequirements, if required.NOTE 1A typical ordering description is as follows: 10,000-lbzirconium ingot, machine conditioned, ASTM B495, dated _, GradeR60702.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 The ingots covered by
10、this specification shall be manu-factured by electron beam, vacuum, or inert atmospheremelting in furnaces conventionally used for reactive metals.7. Chemical Composition7.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as tochemical composition prescribed in Table 1.7.2 When requested by the purch
11、aser, a check analysis shallbe performed for any elements listed in Table 1.7.2.1 The manufacturers analysis shall be considered asverified if the check analysis confirms the manufacturersreported values within the tolerances prescribed in Table 2.8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance8.1 Ingots sha
12、ll be conditioned by machining, grinding, orsurface fusion to remove gross surface and subsurface defectsdetrimental to subsequent fabrication.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10 onReactive and Refractory Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommitt
13、ee B10.02 on Zirconium and Hafnium.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2017. Published November 2017. Originallyapproved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as B495 10. DOI:10.1520/B0495-10R17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Serv
14、ice at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Cons
15、hohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Or
16、ganization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.18.2 After conditioning has been completed, no abruptchanges in diameter or local depressions that will impairsubsequent fabrication shall be permitted. The differencebetween the maximum and minimum radii of the conditionedingot shall not exceed
17、 20 % of the maximum radius, exceptwithin 6 in. (150 mm) of the ends of the ingot where roundingis permissible. Lands, grooves, and local depressions shall beblended to a maximum angle of 30 to the axis of the ingot.Each end of the ingot shall be chamfered or radiused. Theminimum chamfer or radius s
18、hall be12 in. (12 mm).9. Number of Tests and Retests9.1 At least one sample from the top, middle, and bottom ofeach ingot shall be analyzed chemically.9.2 An ultrasonic test shall be conducted on each ingot.9.3 Retests:9.3.1 If any sample or specimen exhibits obviouscontamination, improper preparati
19、on, or flaws disqualifying itas a representative sample, it should be discarded and a newsample or specimen substituted.9.3.2 If the results of any test are not in conformance withthe requirements of this specification, the ingot may be retestedat the option of the manufacturer. The ingot shall be a
20、cceptableif results of all retests following the initial test conform to thisspecification.10. Test Methods10.1 Ultrasonic TestInspect the ingots ultrasonically bythe methods described in 10.1.1 and 10.1.2 unless otherwiseagreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.10.1.1 StandardizationC
21、onduct the test in accordancewith Practice E114. The search unit shall be a longitudinalbeam transducer, operated at a frequency of 214 MHz using asuitable couplant with the piece being tested. Standardize thesearch unit on a test block, setting the back-reflection equal to100 %. The test block shal
22、l be of the same approximatediameter and surface condition as the ingot. Standardization isrequired before the inspection begins on the ingot. Make twotraverses along the length of the cylindrical ingot surface 90apart.10.1.2 Acceptance StandardsUse an acceptance standardcontaining a minimum of thre
23、e holes, each 0.093 in. (2.36 mm)in diameter, at locations approximating the center, the mid-radius, and within 10 % of the back surface. If an indicationgreater than the indication from the 0.093 in. (2.36 mm) hole atthe nearest approximate depth is observed, remove the ingotdefect. Note that the m
24、id-radius hole can represent both the14and34 diameter depths. If the back reflection is between 50 and95 %, increase the gain to bring the back reflection up to 100 %and inspect the trace indication to observe any internal reflec-tions greater than the indication from the reference standard.Again, r
25、emove such defects. Following such amplitude adjust-ment and inspection, recalibrate the search unit on the testblock to continue testing. A maximum of 10 % of the length ofthe ingot may consist of nonparallel sides such that the backreflection is not at least 50 %, provided each increment is notmor
26、e than 3 in. (75 mm) in length and each increment isseparated by an increment at least 3 in. (75 mm) long in whichthe back reflection is a minimum of 50 % when calibrated inaccordance with 10.1.1.10.2 Chemical TestsConduct the chemical analysis by thestandard techniques normally used by the manufact
27、urer. GuideE2626 may be used as a guide for chemical analysis tech-niques.11. Inspection11.1 The manufacturer shall inspect the material covered bythis specification prior to shipment. If so specified in thepurchase order, the purchaser or his representative may witnessthe testing and inspection of
28、the material at the place ofmanufacture. In such cases, the purchaser shall state in hispurchase order which tests he desires to witness. The manu-facturer shall give ample notice to the purchaser as to the timeTABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsAElementComposition, %UNS Grade DesignationR60700 R60702 R60
29、703 R60704 R60705 R60706Zirconium + hafnium,min99.2 99.2 98.0 97.5 95.5 95.5Hafnium, max 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5Iron + chromium 0.2 max 0.2 max . 0.2 to 0.4 0.2 max 0.2 maxTin . . . 1.00 to 2.00 . .Hydrogen, max 0.004 0.004 . 0.005 0.005 0.005Nitrogen, max 0.020 0.020 . 0.025 0.025 0.025Carbon, max
30、0.05 0.05 . 0.05 0.05 0.05Niobium . . . . 2.0 to 3.0 2.0 to 3.0Oxygen, max 0.10 0.16 . 0.18 0.18 0.16ABy agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer, analysis may be acquired and limits established for elements and compounds not specified in the table ofchemical compositions.TABLE 2 Permiss
31、ible Variation in Check Analysis BetweenDifferent LaboratoriesElementPermissible Variationin Check Analysis, %Hydrogen 0.005Nitrogen 0.01Carbon 0.02Hafnium 0.1Iron + chromium 0.03Tin 0.05Niobium 0.05Oxygen 0.02B495 10 (2017)2and place of the designated tests. If the purchasers represen-tative does n
32、ot present himself at the time agreed upon for thetesting, the manufacturer shall consider the requirement for thepurchasers inspection at the place of manufacture to bewaived.11.2 The manufacturer shall afford the inspector represent-ing the purchaser, without charge, all reasonable facilities tosa
33、tisfy him that the material is being furnished in accordancewith this specification. This inspection shall be so conducted asnot to interfere unnecessarily with the operation of the works.12. Rejection and Rehearing12.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements ofthis specification may be r
34、ejected. Rejection should be reportedto the producer or supplier promptly and in writing. In case ofdissatisfaction with the results of the test, the producer orsupplier may make claim for a rehearing.13. Certification13.1 A producers or suppliers certification shall be fur-nished to the purchaser t
35、hat the material was manufactured,sampled, tested, and inspected in accordance with this speci-fication and has been found to meet the requirements. A reportof the test results shall be furnished.14. Referee14.1 In the event of disagreement between the manufacturerand the purchaser on the conformanc
36、e of the material to therequirements of this specification or any special test specifiedby the purchaser, a mutually acceptable referee shall performthe tests in question. The results of the referees testing shall beused in determining conformance of the material to thisspecification.15. Packaging a
37、nd Package Marking15.1 Each ingot shall be metal die stamped on the top withthe manufacturers ingot number. Each box or skid shall bemarked or tagged legibly and conspicuously with the followinginformation: name; brand or trademark of the manufacturer;name of the material; gross, net, and tare weigh
38、ts; nominaldiameter; and ASTM designation.15.2 Ingots shall be boxed or banded on skids in such amanner as to ensure safe delivery to their destination whenproperly transported by any common carrier.16. Keywords16.1 ingot; zirconium; zirconium alloyASTM International takes no position respecting the
39、 validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is
40、 subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Hea
41、dquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This st
42、andard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 10 (2017)3
