1、Designation: B686/B686M 11B686/B686M 14Standard Specification forAluminum Alloy Castings, High-Strength1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B686/B686M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of las
2、t revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers aluminum-alloy high-strength castings designated as shown in Table 1.1.2 Castings covered by t
3、his specification are intended for use in airframe, missile, and other critical applications where highstrength, ductility, and sound castings are required.1.3 Alloy and temper designations are in accordance with ANSI H35.1/H35.1 (M). The equivalent Unified Numbering Systemalloy designations are in
4、accordance with Practice E527.1.4 Unless the order specifies the “M” specification designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch-pound units.1.5 For acceptance criteria for inclusion of new aluminum and aluminum alloys and their properties in this specification, seeAnnex A1 and Annex A2.1
5、.6 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values statedin each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two systems may result in non-conformanc
6、e with the standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regularlimitations prior to use.
7、2. Referenced Documents2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on the date of purchase form a part of this specification to the extentreferenced herein:2.2 ASTM Standards:2B179 Specification for Aluminum Alloys in Ingot and Molten Forms for Castings from All Casting ProcessesB275 Practice
8、 for Codification of Certain Nonferrous Metals and Alloys, Cast and WroughtB557 Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and Cast Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy ProductsB557M Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and Cast Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products (Metric)B660 Practices for Packaging/
9、Packing of Aluminum and Magnesium ProductsB881 Terminology Relating to Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy ProductsB917/B917M Practice for Heat Treatment of Aluminum-Alloy Castings from All ProcessesB985 Practice for SamplingAluminum Ingots, Billets, Castings and Finished or Semi-Finished WroughtAluminum
10、Products forCompositional AnalysisD3951 Practice for Commercial PackagingE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with SpecificationsE34 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Aluminum and Aluminum-Base AlloysE94 Guide for Radiographic ExaminationE155 Reference
11、Radiographs for Inspection of Aluminum and Magnesium CastingsE165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General IndustryE527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in the Unified Numbering System (UNS)1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B07 on Light Metals and
12、Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B07.01 on AluminumAlloy Ingots and Castings.Current edition approved May 1, 2011Oct. 1, 2014. Published June 2011October 2014. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 20102011 asB686/B686M 10.B686/B686M 11. DOI: 10.1520/B
13、0686_B0686M-11.10.1520/B0686_B0686M-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not a
14、n ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate.
15、In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1E607
16、Test Method for Atomic Emission Spectrometric Analysis Aluminum Alloys by the Point to Plane Technique NitrogenAtmosphere (Withdrawn 2011)3E716 Practices for Sampling and Sample Preparation of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys for Determination of ChemicalComposition by Spectrochemical AnalysisE1251 Test
17、 Method for Analysis of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys by Spark Atomic Emission SpectrometryE2422 Digital Reference Images for Inspection of Aluminum CastingsIEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System2.3 AMS Standard:4AMS 2771 Heat Treatment of
18、 Aluminum Alloy Castings2.4 ANSI Standards:5H35.1 / H35.1 (M) 2006H35.1/H35.1 (M)-2006 Alloy and Temper Designation Systems for AluminumZ1.4 Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by Attributes2.5 Military Standard:6MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage2.6 Federal Standard:6Fed. Std. N
19、o. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)2.7 Other Standards:7CEN EN 14242 Aluminum and aluminum alloys . Chemical analysis. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectralanalysisAluminum AlloysChemical AnalysisInductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectral Analysis3. Terminology3.1 D
20、efinitions: Refer to Terminology B881 for definitions of product terms used in this specification.3.1 DefinitionsRefer to Terminology B881 for definitions of product terms used in this specification.4. Classification4.1 Castings shall be classified by inspection classes.4.1.1 Classes (Inspection):4.
21、1.1.1 Class 1A class of casting, the single failure of which would result in the loss of a missile, aircraft, or other vehicle.4.1.1.2 Class 2Class 1 castings not included in Class 1, the single failure of which would cause significant danger to operatingpersonnel or would result in a significant op
22、erational penalty. In the case of missiles, aircraft, and other vehicles, this includes lossof major components, loss of control, unintentional release of inability to release armament stores, or failure of weapon installationcomponents.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is refe
23、renced on www.astm.org.4 Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.5 Available from Aluminum Association, Inc., 1525 Wilson Blvd., Suite 600, Arlington, VA 22209, http:/www.aluminum.org.6 Available from Standardization Do
24、cuments Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/dodssp.daps.dla.mil.7 Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), 36 rueRue de Stassart, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium, http:/www.cenorm.be.TABLE 1 Chemical Composition LimitsNOTE 1When
25、single units are shown, they indicate the maximum amounts permitted.NOTE 2Analysis shall be made for the elements for which limits are shown in this table.NOTE 3The following applies to all specified limits in this table: For purposes of determining conformance to these limits, an observed value or
26、acalculated value obtained from analysis shall be rounded to the nearest unit in the last right-hand place of figures used in expressing the specified limitin accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.Composition, %ANSIH35.1ASTME527 Former Silicon Iron CopperMan-ganeseMagne-sium Zinc T
27、itaniumOthers AluminumEachA TotalBA201.0 A12010 0.05 0.10 4.05.0 0.200.40 0.150.35 0.150.35 C 0.03 0.10 remainder354.0 A03540 SC92A 8.69.4 0.20 1.62.0 0.10 0.400.6 0.10 0.20 0.05 0.15 remainderC355.0 A33550 SC51B 4.55.5 0.20 1.01.5 0.10 0.400.6 0.10 0.20 0.05 0.15 remainderA356.0 A13560 SG70B 6.57.5
28、 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.250.45 0.10 0.20 0.05 0.15 remainderA357.0 A13570 6.57.5 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.400.7 0.10 0.040.20 D 0.05 0.15 remainderA “Others”“Others” includes listed elements for which no specific limit is shown as well as unlisted metallic elements. The producer may analyze samples for trace elem
29、entsnot specified in the specification. However, such analysis is not required and may not cover all metallic “Others” elements. Should any analysis by the producer or thepurchaser establish that an “Others” element exceeds the limit of “Each” or that the aggregate of several “Others” elements excee
30、ds the limit of “Total”,“Total,” the materialshall be considered nonconforming.B OtherOther ElementsTotal shall be the sum of unspecified metallic elements 0.010 % or more, rounded to the second decimal before determining the sum.C SilverSilver 0.40 to 1.0 %.DBeryllium 0.040.07.B686/B686M 1424.1.1.3
31、 Class 3Castings having a margin of safety of 200 % or less.4.1.1.4 Class 4Castings having a margin of safety of greater than 200 %, or for which no stress analysis is required.All targetdrone castings and aerospace ground support equipment fall in this category, except for such critical parts, the
32、failure of whichwould make the equipment unsatisfactory and cause the vehicles which they are intended to support to be inoperable.4.1.2 Grades (Radiographic Quality):NOTE 1Caution should be exercised in specifying the grade of maximum permissible radiographic discontinuity level to be met in the ca
33、sting.Radiographic quality has only a qualitative relationship to mechanical properties. In general, the highest property levels of an alloy will require the highergrades of radiographic quality. However, section size and shape parameters may be able to tolerate certain discontinuities without signi
34、ficant reductionin functional integrity. Too severe soundness requirements may cause the part producibility to be impractical or uneconomical.4.1.2.1 Grade AA grade in which there is no discernible discontinuity visible on the radiograph of the specified area of thecasting.4.1.2.2 Grade BApremium gr
35、ade of casting for critical applications or specified area of a casting with low margins of safety.4.1.2.3 Grade CA high-quality grade of casting or area of a casting for general applications.4.1.2.4 Grade DA grade included for less important areas of a casting.5. Ordering Information5.1 Orders for
36、material under this specification shall include the following information:5.1.1 This specification designation (which includes the number, the year, and the revision letter, if applicable).applicable),NOTE 2For inch-pound application, specify Specification B686 and for metric application specify Spe
37、cification B686M. Do not mix units.5.1.2 Alloy number (Section 7.1, and Table 1), radiographic grade (4.1.2, and Table 2), inspection class of castings (4.1.1, andTable 3 or Table 4), and class of mechanical properties (Table 5 orand Table 6),5.1.3 Tensile property requirements on the drawing or pur
38、chase order (9.1.5, 15.4, 15.5, Table 3 and Table 5 or Table 4, andTable 5 Table 6),5.1.4 Identification of product information (Section 11),5.1.5 Applicable drawings or part number, and5.1.6 The quantity in either pieces or kilograms,kilograms.TABLE 2 Discontinuity-Level Requirements for High-Stren
39、gth Aluminum CastingsMaximum Permissible in Accordance with(Film Reference Radiographs E155 or Digital Reference Radiographs E2422)NOTE 1When two or more types of discontinuities are present within a 2 by 2-in. 50 mm by 50 mm 50-mm area to an extent equal to or notsignificantly better than the accep
40、tance standards for respective discontinuities, the castings shall be rejected.NOTE 2When two or more types of discontinuities are present within a 2 by 2-in. 50 mm by 50 mm 50-mm area and the predominatingdiscontinuity is not significantly better than the acceptance standard, the casting shall be c
41、onsidered borderline.NOTE 3Borderline castings shall be reviewed for acceptance or rejection by competent engineering personnel from the manufacturer and purchaser.NOTE 4Gas holes, sand spots, and inclusions allowed by this table shall be cause for rejection when closer than twice their maximum dime
42、nsion toan edge or extremity of a casting.NOTE 5Castings with the following characteristics apply to Alloy A201.1 only:1. Banding or striated segregation shall be acceptable to the extent that the mechanical properties in the affected section meet the requirements ofTable 3.2. Healed hot tears or di
43、screte segregation cracks, evidenced by linear irregular white lines, shall be rejected.3. Spheroidal segregation, evidenced by white spheroids, shall be evaluated for size and concentration by using the standards for gas holes.Grade A Grade B Grade C Grade DDiscontinuity Radiograph Section Thicknes
44、s, in.146 mm3419 mm146 mm3419 mm146 mm3419 mm146 mm3419 mmGas holes 1.1 none 1 1 2 2 5 5Gas porosity (round) 1.21 none 1 1 3 3 7 7Gas porosity (elongated) 1.22 none 1 1 3 4 5 5Shrinkage cavity 2.1 none 1 A 2 A 3 AShrinkage porosity or sponge 2.2 none 1 1 2 2 4 3Foreign material (less densematerial)3
45、.11 none 1 1 2 2 4 4Foreign material (more densematerial)3.12 none 1 1 2 1 4 3Segregation none none none noneCracks none none none noneCold shuts none none none noneLaps none none none noneSurface irregularity not to exceed drawing toleranceCore shift not to exceed drawing toleranceA NotNot availabl
46、e. Use 14 in.6 in. 6 mm for all section thicknesses.B686/B686M 1435.2 Additionally, orders for material to this specification shall include the following information when required by thepurchaser:5.2.1 Whether heat treatment is to be performed in accordance with AMS 2771 (10.2),5.2.2 Where the prepr
47、oduction samples shall be sent, and activity responsible for testing, and instructions concerning submittalof the test reports (14.2.1 and 14.2.2),5.2.3 Penetrant inspection standards (15.2).),5.2.4 Whether Practices B660 appliesapply and, if so, the levels of preservation, packaging, and packing re
48、quired (16.3),5.2.5 Whether marking in accordance with Fed. Std. 123 orFed. Std. No. 123, Practice D3951, or MIL-STD-129 applies (16.3),and5.2.6 Whether certification is required (Section 17).6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 The responsibility of furnishing castings that can be laid out and machined
49、to the finished dimensions within the permissiblevariations specified, as shown on the blueprints or drawings, shall rest with the producer, except where pattern equipment isfurnished by the purchaser and any dimensional discrepancies can be clearly attributed to the pattern equipment as furnished.TABLE 3 Mechanical Properties of SpecimensA Cut from Designated Areas of CastingB (Inch-Pound Units).Units)Alloy Number ClassNumberTensile Strength,min, ksiYield Strength, 0.2% Offset, m
