1、Designation: B898 11Standard Specification forReactive and Refractory Metal Clad Plate1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B898; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in
2、 parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers plate consisting of a base metalto which is bonded, integrally and continuously, on one or bothsides a layer of one of
3、 the following: titanium, zirconium,tantalum, niobium, and their alloys. The material generally isintended for pressure vessel use.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for in
4、formation onlyand are not considered standard. The values in parentheses andin metric tables are provided for information only.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A265 Specification for Nickel and Nickel-Base Alloy-CladSteel PlateA578/A578M Specification for Straight-Beam UltrasonicExaminatio
5、n of Rolled Steel Plates for Special Applica-tionsB265 Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip,Sheet, and PlateB393 Specification for Niobium and Niobium Alloy Strip,Sheet, and PlateB551/B551M Specification for Zirconium and ZirconiumAlloy Strip, Sheet, and PlateB708 Specification for Ta
6、ntalum and Tantalum Alloy Plate,Sheet, and Strip2.2 ASME Code:3Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX Welding Quali-ficationsBoiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII Divisions 1,2, 32.3 Military Standard:4MIL-J-24445A Joint, Bimetallic Bonded, Aluminum toSteel3. Terminology3.1 Definitions
7、of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 This material is considered as single-clad or double-clad dependent upon whether one or both sides of the basemetal are covered by a cladding metal.3.1.2 base metal, nthe component that comprises thegreatest percentage of total thickness.3.1.3 cladding metal,
8、 or cladding metals, nthe compo-nent, or components, which individually comprise less than thegreatest percentage of total thickness.3.1.4 cladding operation, nthe production event, whichresults in the formation of the bond between the cladding andbase metal components, plus all related prebonding a
9、nd postbonding operations, prior to supply to the purchaser.3.1.5 interface, nof the clad product, is that region ofthickness in which the product transitions from essentially100 % base metal to 100 % cladding metal. Also known asbond or bond zone.3.1.6 interlayer, na metal layer of a type or grade
10、differ-ent from the cladding metal and base metal, which is appliedbetween the cladding and base metal.3.1.7 integrally and continuously bonded, adva conditionin which the cladding metal and base metal are broughttogether to form a metallurgical bond at essentially the entireinterface of the two met
11、als by means other than those processesthat do not produce a homogeneous composite plate.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall includethe following information:4.1.1 Quantity.4.1.2 Product dimensions, including thickness of both clad-ding metal and base metal.
12、 It should state whether eachthickness value is minimum or nominal. If not stated, thicknessvalues shall be nominal.4.1.3 Cladding metal type and specification (the claddingmetal specification) (see Section 6).1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10 onReactive and Refract
13、ory Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee B10.01 on Titanium.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2011. Published September 2011. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as B898 051. DOI:10.1520/B0898-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the AS
14、TM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Pa
15、rk Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/dodssp.daps.dla.mil.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 1942
16、8-2959, United States.4.1.4 Base metal type and specification (the base metalspecification) (see Section 6).4.1.5 Flatness requirements (see 10.3).4.1.6 Ultrasonic inspection level (see Section 11).4.1.7 Heat treatment requirements, if any.4.1.8 Restrictions limiting or disallowing welding, or weldr
17、epair, or both, if any (see Section 12).4.1.9 Any additional codes and standards specified by thepurchaser or manufacturer.4.1.10 Supplementary Requirements, if any.4.1.11 Additional requirements, if any.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Process:5.1.1 The base metal shall be manufactured in accordance
18、with all applicable requirements of the base metal specification(see 4.1.4).5.1.2 The cladding metal shall be manufactured in accor-dance with all applicable requirements of the cladding metalspecification (see 4.1.3).5.1.3 The cladding metal shall be bonded to the base metalby any cladding operatio
19、n that will produce a clad productwhich will conform to the requirements of this specification.Cladding methods may be, but are not limited to, explosionbonding, roll bonding, and weld overlay.5.1.4 The cladding metal may be fabricated from multiplesheets or plates by edge butt welding prior to the
20、claddingoperation.5.1.5 The cladding thickness may consist of multiple layersof the cladding metal.5.2 Heat TreatmentUnless otherwise specified or agreedbetween the purchaser and the manufacturer, all heat treat-ments shall be performed as needed in the cladding operationto assure the following:5.2.
21、1 The cladding metal conforms to the applicable re-quirements of the cladding metal specification,5.2.2 The base metal conforms to the applicable require-ments of the base metal specification, and5.2.3 The clad bond exhibits optimum resistance to dis-bonding during common fabrication processes.6. Ch
22、emical Composition6.1 The composite plate may conform to any desired com-bination of cladding metal and base metal as described in 6.2and 6.3 and as agreed upon between the purchaser and themanufacturer.6.2 Cladding MetalThe cladding metal shall conform tothe requirements as to chemical composition
23、prescribed in theapplicable cladding metal specification: B265, B393, B551/B551M,orB708.6.3 Base MetalThe base metal shall be steel or any otherproduct conforming to specifications for metal plate. The basemetal shall conform to the requirements as to chemicalcomposition prescribed in the base metal
24、 specification.7. Mechanical Properties7.1 The base metal shall conform to the mechanical prop-erty requirements prescribed in the base metal specification.7.2 The mechanical properties of the cladding metal maynot conform necessarily to the mechanical property require-ments prescribed in the claddi
25、ng metal specification unlessotherwise agreed upon between manufacturer and purchaser.7.3 Mechanical testing of the base metal, in accordance withthe base metal specification, may be performed prior to thecladding operation if the cladding operation does not affect theapplicable mechanical propertie
26、s of the base metal.7.4 Unless simulated post cladding heat treatments arespecified by the purchaser, Supplementary Requirement S5, themechanical test specimens shall be representative of thematerial in the heat treatment condition of product beingshipped from the clad manufacturer.7.5 Tensile Stren
27、gth RequirementsThe tensile propertiesshall be determined by a tension test on the base metal only inaccordance with the testing requirements of the base metalspecification. When tension test specimen are taken from theclad plate, the cladding shall be removed before tension testsare made.7.6 Bond S
28、hear StrengthWhen bond shear strength testingis specified, Supplementary Requirement S1, the bond shearstrength of the clad product shall be 20 000 psi (137.9 MPa)minimum when tested in accordance with Fig. 1.8. Chemical Analysis8.1 When the cladding operation does not affect the chemi-cal compositi
29、on of the cladding or base metal, or both, thechemical analysis, in accordance with cladding, or base metalspecifications, or both, may be performed prior to the claddingoperation. Otherwise, chemical analysis of the applicablecomponent or components shall be performed after the clad-ding operation
30、in accordance with the cladding metal or basemetal specifications, or both.8.2 When chemical analysis of the finished product isinvoked, Supplementary Requirement S4, the frequency oftesting, specimen location, and testing methods shall be agreedupon between manufacturer and purchaser.9. Location an
31、d Number of Tests and Retests9.1 Tension, Bend, and Impact Tests (When Required)Thespecimen orientation, location with respect to thickness, andnumber of tests and retests shall be in accordance with therequirements of the base metal specification. The test specimenlocation within the plate shall be
32、 at the manufacturers option.10. Dimensions and Flatness, Permissible Variations10.1 Thickness:10.1.1 Cladding metal thickness tolerances shall be inaccordance with Table 1.10.1.2 Base metal thickness tolerances shall be in accor-dance with Table 2.10.1.3 When the purchaser specifies flatness in acc
33、ordancewith 10.3.1.3 or 10.3.1.4, overgage tolerances in excess ofthose specified herein may be specified by the manufacturer.10.1.4 When agreed upon by the producer and the pur-chaser, overgage tolerances different from those specifiedherein shall apply.B898 11210.1.5 When an interlayer metal is in
34、cluded in the productand when its thickness exceeds 0.005 in. (0.127 mm) nominal,its composition and nominal thickness shall be reported.10.2 Length and Width or Diameter Tolerances:10.2.1 Clad plates shall be supplied with edges cut to thedimensions specified by the purchaser. Cutting may be per-fo
35、rmed by thermal or mechanical means or any other method,which does not deleteriously affect the product quality. Cladplates shall conform to the length and width or diametertolerances of Table 3 unless otherwise agreed upon between themanufacturer and purchaser.10.2.2 When specified by the purchaser
36、, clad plate shall besupplied in the as-clad or mill edge, condition. Minimum soundbond size shall be specified, and length and width tolerances ofthe as-supplied product shall be as agreed upon betweenpurchaser and manufacturer.All edge nonbond areas outside ofthe specified minimum sound bond area
37、shall be markedclearly on the surface, or the boundary of the required soundbond area shall be marked clearly on the sound bond portion ofthe surface, or both.10.3 Flatness:10.3.1 Flatness of the clad plate shall be in accordance withone of the following flatness tolerance requirements. Whenflatness
38、 requirements are not specified by the purchaser,flatness tolerances of 10.3.1.1 shall apply.10.3.1.1 Standard Plate FlatnessOut-of-flatness of thecladding face shall not exceed the requirements of Table 4.This flatness criteria typically is applicable for clad platesintended for subsequent forming,
39、 or fabrication, or both.10.3.1.2 Special FlatnessOut-of-flatness of the claddingface shall not exceed 0.100 in. (2.5 mm) over any 36-in.(915-mm) span. This flatness criteria typically is applicable forplates used in the flat condition.t = Cladding Metal ThicknessIf 0.125 in. (3.2 mm), machine to 0.
40、125 in. (3.2 mm) maxT = Base Metal ThicknessIf base metal thickness 1.0 in. (25.4 mm), it may be machined to 1.0 in. (25.4mm) nominal.Remove all cladding from base metal, except for area shown.All corners are 90.FIG. 1 Shear Test SpecimenTABLE 1 Cladding Metal Thickness ToleranceWhen Cladding Metal
41、Thickness is SpecifiedMinimum NominalSpecified Thickness # 0.150 in. 0.150 in. 3.8 mm 4.8 mm $ 4.8 mmUndergage Tolerance 0 0 0.75 mm 1.5 mmOvergage Tolerance 100 % ofspecifiedminimum50 % ofspecifiedminimum100 % ofspecifiednominal50 % ofspecifiednominalTABLE 2 Base Metal Thickness ToleranceWhen Base
42、Metal Thickness is SpecifiedMinimum NominalSpecified Thickness 1.0 in. $ 1.0 in. 1.0 in. $ 1.0 in.Undergage Tolerance 0 0 0.01 in. 0.01 in.Overgage Tolerance 0.21 in.over min0.26 in.over min0.20 in. overnominal0.25 in. overnominalTABLE 2M Base Metal Thickness ToleranceWhen Base Metal Thickness is Sp
43、ecifiedMinimum NominalSpecified Thickness 25.4 mm $ 25.4 mm 25.4 mm $ 25.4 mmUndergage Tolerance 0 0 0.25 mm 0.25 mmOvergage Tolerance 5.3 overspecifiedminimum6.6 overspecifiedminimum5.1 overspecifiednominal6.4 overspecifiednominalB898 11310.3.1.3 Machined FlatnessOut-of-flatness of one or bothfaces
44、, as specified by the purchaser, shall not exceed 0.010 in.(0.25 mm) over any 36-in. (915-mm) span.10.3.1.4 Suitable for Machining FlatThe material shall besupplied in a condition suitable for subsequent machining ofspecified face or faces while protecting minimum specifiedthickness. The combination
45、 of the flatness of the product andthe thickness of the component metals shall permit the claddingmetal, or the base metal, or both, as specified by the purchaser,to be machined to the requirements of 10.3.1.3 withoutreducing thickness below the minimum specified, upon appli-cation of proper set-up
46、and machining practice.10.3.1.5 Other FlatnessOther flatness requirements maybe agreed upon mutually between the manufacturer and thepurchaser.11. Nondestructive Testing11.1 After the completion of all mechanical and thermalprocessing components of the cladding operation, clad platesshall be inspect
47、ed for bond integrity in accordance with theprocedures and methods of Specification A578/A578M. Scan-ning shall be performed with a 1 in. (25 mm) or 118 in. (30mm) diameter or 1 in. (25 mm) square transducer. Anyindication which causes 100 % loss of back reflection accom-panied by a reflection from
48、the clad interface shall be record-able. Three Quality Levels shall apply. If the ultrasonicinspection class is not specified, Class C shall apply.11.1.1 Class AScanning shall be performed over 100 % ofthe clad surface. Any single recordable indication exceeding 1in. (25 mm) in its longest dimension
49、 shall be cause forrejection. The minimum sound bond area shall be 99 %.11.1.2 Class BScanning shall be performed over 100 % ofthe clad surface. Any single recordable indication exceeding 3in. (75 mm) in its longest dimension shall be cause forrejection. The minimum sound bond area shall be 97 %.11.1.3 Class CScanning shall be along continuous per-pendicular grid lines on nominal 9 in. (225 mm) centers, or atthe option of the manufacturer, shall be along continuousparallel paths on nominal 4 in. (100 mm) centers. When anindication is observed during gen
