1、Designation: B968/B968M 09Standard Test Method forFlattening of Copper and Copper-Alloy Pipe and Tube1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B968/B968M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method establishes the requirements for theflattening test for copper and copper alloy pipe and tube of allsizes.
3、 The method addresses both inch-pound and metricconsiderations, and both seamless and welded product.1.2 UnitsValues stated in either inch-pound units or SIunits are to be regarded as standard. Within the text, SI unitsare shown in brackets. The values stated in each system maynot be exact equivalen
4、ts; therefore, each system shall be usedindependently of the other. Combining values from the twosystems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of th
5、is standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B153 Test Method for Expansion (Pin Test) of Copper andCopper-Alloy Pipe and TubingB846 Terminology for Copper and Copp
6、er Alloys3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms related to copper and copperalloys, refer to Terminology B846.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The prepared test sample is flattened in a press to aspecified maximum thickness, and then inspected for defects ofa size and nature that would interfere wit
7、h the intendedapplication of the product specification.5. Significance and Use5.1 When properly performed and interpreted, the flatteningtest will provide information about the relative ductility of atube and presence of surface defects. For welded tube products,the test will provide information on
8、the integrity of the weldseam.5.2 In certain product specifications which establish require-ments for tubes of sizes greater than 4 in. 100 mm, the testmay be allowed as a substitute to the expansion pin test inB153.6. Apparatus6.1 Testing Machine (Press)Any type of testing machine;either hydraulica
9、lly or mechanically operated, that will exertpressure sufficient to flatten the pipe or tube to the requireddegree.6.2 Micrometer CaliperAny measuring device that hasthe capability to measure a flattened sample approximatelythree (3) times the product wall thickness.7. Sampling and Test Specimen Pre
10、paration7.1 For seamless product up to and including 4 in. 100 mmoutside diameter:7.1.1 A test specimen shall be cut to a length that will allowthe tube to be flattened at three (3) places along the length, witheach flattened area to be at least 2 in. 50 mm in length. Whenthe temper is other than an
11、nealed, the sample may be annealedprior to testing.7.2 For welded product up to and including 4 in. 100 mmin outside diameter:7.2.1 A test specimen shall be cut to a length that will allowthe tube to be flattened along the length, so a total of at least 12in. 305 mm is flattened. When the temper is
12、other thanannealed, the sample is allowed to be annealed prior to testing.7.3 For seamless product over 4 in. 100 mm in outsidediameter:7.3.1 A test specimen shall be cut to a length that will allowthe tube to be flattened once, with the flattened area to be atleast 4 in. 100 mm in length. When the
13、temper is other thanannealed, the sample is allowed to be annealed prior to testing.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B05 on Copperand Copper Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.06 onMethods of Test.Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2009. Published
14、 November 2009.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor
15、 Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7.3.2 Both ends of the test specimen may be prepared byfiling or cutting to provide smooth end surfaces, free fromscratches or burrs which might interfere with the test.8. Procedure8.1 For seamless product up to and including 4 in.
16、 100 mmoutside diameter:8.1.1 Each test specimen shall be flattened in a press at three(3) places along the length, each new place to be rotated on itsaxis approximately one-third turn from the last flattened area.Each flattened area shall be at least 2 in. 50 mm in length. Aflattened test specimen
17、shall allow a micrometer caliper set atthree (3) times the wall thickness to pass freely over theflattened area. The flattened areas of the test specimen shall beinspected for surface defects.8.2 For welded product up to and including 4 in. 100 mmin outside diameter:8.2.1 Each test specimen shall be
18、 flattened in a press so atotal of at least 12 in. 305 mm is flattened along the length.The weld shall be placed in the position of maximum bend onall of the flattened areas. Each flattened area shall be at least 2in. 50 mm in length. Transition areas are allowed in-betweenflattening areas. A flatte
19、ned test specimen shall allow a mi-crometer caliper set at three (3) times the wall thickness to passfreely over the flattened area. The flattened areas of the testspecimen shall be inspected for surface defects.8.3 For seamless product over 4 in. 100 mm in outsidediameter:8.3.1 Each test specimen s
20、hall be flattened once in a press.The flattened area shall be at least 4 in. 100 mm in length. Anacceptably flattened tube specimen shall allow a micrometercaliper set at three (3) times the wall thickness to pass freelyover the flattened area. The flattened areas of the test specimenshall be inspec
21、ted for surface defects.8.4 In case there is an indication that the specimen was notproperly prepared or tested, a new specimen from the samesample shall be selected and tested.8.5 During inspection, the flattened areas of the test speci-men shall be free of defects, but blemishes of a nature that d
22、onot interfere with the intended application are acceptable.9. Report9.1 When testing is completed by an independent third-party laboratory, the test report shall include the followinginformation. In-house captive laboratories shall only report9.1.1, 9.1.2, and 9.1.5:9.1.1 The date of the test,9.1.2
23、 Sample identification,9.1.3 Reference to the test method,9.1.4 The number of replicate test pieces used,9.1.5 The test results: Pass or Fail (relative to presence ofdefects) as required above and by the appropriate productspecification, and9.1.6 Any other features of the material noted during thein
24、spection.10. Precision and Bias10.1 No statement is made about either the precision or biasof this test method since the result merely indicates whetherthere is conformance to the acceptance criteria specified in theprocedure and the product specification.11. Keywords11.1 Copper; Copper Alloy; Flatt
25、ening Test; Pipe; TubeAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. RATIONALE (COMMENTARY)X1.1 Subcommittee B05.04 over a period of years stan-dardized by ballot wording to cover the flattening test, which isin numerous pipe and tube specifications. SubcommitteeB05.06 began this task group to extend that wo
26、rding to a testmethod.X1.2 As a separate test method it will standardize the testand avoid the need to include numerous paragraphs in thevarious pipe and tube specifications. It is similar to and relatedto B153.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserte
27、d in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by th
28、e responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive
29、careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM Internat
30、ional, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).B968/B968M 092
