1、Designation: C 1116/C 1116M 08Standard Specification forFiber-Reinforced Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1116/C 1116M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numb
2、er in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers all forms of fiber-reinforcedc
3、oncrete that are delivered to a purchaser with the ingredientsuniformly mixed, and that can be sampled and tested at thepoint of delivery. It does not cover the placement, consolida-tion, curing, or protection of the fiber-reinforced concrete afterdelivery to the purchaser.1.2 Certain sections of th
4、is specification are also applicableto fiber-reinforced concrete intended for shotcreting by thedry-mix process when sampling and testing of concrete ispossible only at the point of placement. In this case, thesections dealing with batching plant, mixing equipment, mix-ing and delivery, and measurem
5、ent of workability and aircontent, are not applicable.1.3 This specification does not cover thin-section glassfiber-reinforced concrete manufactured by the spray-up processthat is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Subcommittee C27.40.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be
6、 regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.5 The following precautionary statement pertains only
7、tothe test method portion, Sections 15 and 18, of this specifica-tion: This standard does not purport to address all of the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the appl
8、icability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 820/A 820M Specification for Steel Fibers for Fiber-Reinforced ConcreteC 31/C 31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete TestSpecimens in the FieldC 39/C 39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cy-lindr
9、ical Concrete SpecimensC 42/C 42M Test Method for Obtaining and Testing DrilledCores and Sawed Beams of ConcreteC 94/C 94M Specification for Ready-Mixed ConcreteC 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and ConcreteAggregatesC 138/C 138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight),Yield, and Air Content (Gra
10、vimetric) of ConcreteC 143/C 143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteC 150 Specification for Portland CementC 172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed ConcreteC 173/C 173M Test Method for Air Content of FreshlyMixed Concrete by the Volumetric MethodC 192/C 192M Practice for Making and
11、Curing ConcreteTest Specimens in the LaboratoryC 231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly MixedConcrete by the Pressure MethodC 387 Specification for Packaged, Dry, Combined Materialsfor Mortar and ConcreteC 567 Test Method for Determining Density of StructuralLightweight ConcreteC 666/C 666M Test
12、 Method for Resistance of Concrete toRapid Freezing and ThawingC 684 Test Method for Making, Accelerated Curing, andTesting Concrete Compression Test SpecimensC 685/C 685M Specification for Concrete Made by Volu-metric Batching and Continuous MixingC 887 Specification for Packaged, Dry, Combined Mat
13、erialsfor Surface Bonding MortarC 995 Test Method for Time of Flow of Fiber-ReinforcedConcrete Through Inverted Slump ConeC 1077 Practice for Laboratories Testing Concrete and Con-crete Aggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria forLaboratory EvaluationC 1140 Practice for Preparing and Testing
14、Specimens fromShotcrete Test Panels1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.42 on Fiber-Reinforced Concrete.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2008. Published February 2008. Originallyappr
15、oved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as C 1116/C 1116M 06.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe
16、ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Copyright by ASTM Intl (all rights reserved); Thu Feb 28 01:27:59 EST 2008Downloaded/printed byGuo Dehua (
17、CNIS) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.C 1385/C 1385M Practice for Sampling Materials for Shot-creteC 1399 Test Method for Obtaining Average Residual-Strength of Fiber-Reinforced ConcreteC 1436 Specification for Materials for ShotcreteC 1480 Specification for Packag
18、ed, Pre-Blended, Dry,Combined Materials for Use in Wet or Dry ShotcreteApplicationC 1550 Test Method for Flexural Toughness of Fiber Rein-forced Concrete (Using Centrally Loaded Round Panel)C 1602/C 1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used inthe Production of Hydraulic Cement ConcreteC 1604/C 1604M
19、 Test Method for Obtaining and TestingDrilled Cores of ShotcreteC 1609/C 1609M Test Method for Flexural Performance ofFiber-Reinforced Concrete (Using Beam With Third-PointLoading)C 1666/C 1666M Specification for Alkali Resistant (AR)Glass Fiber for GFRC and Fiber-Reinforced Concrete andCementD 6942
20、 Test Method for Stability of Cellulose Fibers inAlkaline EnvironmentsD 7357 Specification for Cellulose Fibers for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete2.2 ACI Standards and Reports:211.1 Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Nor-mal, Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete3211.2 Standard Practice for Selecti
21、ng Proportions for Struc-tural Lightweight Concrete3506.2 Specification for Materials, Proportioning and Appli-cation of Shotcrete33. Terminology3.1 Definitions3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this specification, referto Terminology C 125.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.
22、1 manufacturer, nthe producer who furnishes thefiber-reinforced concrete.3.2.2 purchaser, nthe owner, or representative thereof,who buys the fiber-reinforced concrete.4. Classification4.1 This specification classifies fiber-reinforced concrete bythe material type of the fiber incorporated.NOTE 1The
23、performance of a fiber-reinforced concrete dependsstrongly upon the susceptibility of the fibers to physical damage during themixing or shotcreting process, their chemical compatibility with thenormally alkaline environment within cement paste, and their resistance toservice conditions encountered w
24、ithin uncracked concrete or as a conse-quence of cracking, involving, for example, carbon dioxide, chlorides, orsulfates in solution with water and oxygen or ultraviolet light in theatmosphere. Improper methods of fiber addition to a concrete mix can leadto balling of some types of fiber; consult ma
25、nufacturer for advice as tocorrect method before use. The magnitude of improvements in themechanical properties of the concrete or shotcrete imparted by fibers canalso reflect the material characteristics, geometry, and design of the fibertype.4.1.1 Type I Steel Fiber-Reinforced ConcreteContainsstai
26、nless steel, alloy steel, or carbon steel fibers conforming toSpecification A 820/A 820M.4.1.2 Type II Glass Fiber-Reinforced ConcreteContainsalkali-resistant (AR) glass fibers conforming to SpecificationC 1666/C 1666M.4.1.3 Type III Synthetic Fiber-Reinforced ConcreteContains synthetic fibers for w
27、hich documentary evidence canbe produced confirming their long-term resistance to deterio-ration when in contact with the moisture and alkalis present incement paste and the substances present in admixtures (seeNote 2 and 4.2).NOTE 2Fibers such as polyolefins (polypropylene and polyethylene),nylon,
28、and carbon have been shown to be durable in concrete.4.1.4 Type IV Natural Fiber-Reinforced ConcreteContains natural fibers for which documentary evidence can beproduced confirming their long-term resistance to deteriorationwhen in contact with the moisture and alkalis present in cementpaste and the
29、 substances present in admixtures. When Type IVfiber-reinforced concrete contains cellulose fibers they shallconform to Specification D 7357.NOTE 3The classification, natural fibers, refers to a population offibers that are manufactured from natural fibrous resources and are usedfor the first time i
30、n concrete. Depending on the initial raw material and themanufacturing process employed to produce the fiber, the final physicaland chemical fiber properties in this general classification can vary greatly.Some natural fibers are susceptible to deterioration from exposure toalkalis; Test Method D 69
31、42 may be used to determine the susceptibilityof these fibers to deterioration as a result of exposure to alkalis in concrete.Conversely, many other natural fiber types are highly resistant to alkalisand can remain in concrete with no degradation for the complete productlife cycle.4.2 When the purch
32、aser chooses to permit the use of fibersother than those complying with the classifications in 4.1, themanufacturer or supplier shall show evidence satisfactory tothe purchaser that the type of fiber proposed for use showslong-term resistance to deterioration when in contact with themoisture and alk
33、alis present in cement paste and the substancespresent in admixtures.5. Basis of Purchase5.1 The basis of purchase for fiber-reinforced concrete shallbe in accordance with the Basis of Purchase Sections ofSpecification C 94/C 94M or Specification C 685/C 685M.6. Ordering Information6.1 In the absenc
34、e of designated applicable general specifi-cations, the purchaser shall specify the following:6.1.1 Type of fiber-reinforced concrete required. See Sec-tion 4.6.1.2 Type of cement at the purchasers option, otherwisethe cement shall be Type 1 meeting the requirements ofSpecification C 150;6.1.3 Desig
35、nated size, or sizes, of coarse aggregates;3Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.aci-int.org.C 1116/C 1116M 082Copyright by ASTM Intl (all rights reserved); Thu Feb 28 01:27:59 EST 2008Downloaded/printed byGuo Dehua (CNIS) pursuan
36、t to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.6.1.4 Slump or time of flow required at the point of delivery,or when appropriate the point of placement, subject to thetolerances hereinafter specified;6.1.4.1 Slump shall be specified when it is anticipated to be2 in. 50 mm or more, and t
37、ime of flow shall be specified whenslump is anticipated to be less than 2 in. 50 mm. Slump ortime of flow shall not be specified for shotcrete placed by thedry process.NOTE 4The time of flow of fiber-reinforced concrete through aninverted slump cone, determined in accordance with Test Method C 995,i
38、s a better indicator than slump (Test Method C 143/C 143M)oftheappropriate level of workability for fiber-reinforced concrete placed byvibration because such concrete can exhibit very low slump due to thepresence of fibers and still be easily consolidated. Mixtures with a time offlow of 8 to 15 s ar
39、e readily consolidated by vibration. Consolidationbecomes more difficult with increase in time of flow, and is extremelydifficult even when using internal vibration if the time of flow exceeds 30s. Mixtures with a time of flow less than 8 s should be evaluated in termsof slump because the time of fl
40、ow is too short to determine withsatisfactory precision, or may not be determinable because the fiber-reinforced concrete flows freely through the inverted cone.6.1.5 Air content when air-entrainment is required, based onthe air content of samples taken at the point of discharge, orwhen appropriate
41、the point of placement, subject to thetolerances hereinafter specified;NOTE 5In selecting the specified air content, the purchaser shouldconsider the exposure conditions to which the concrete will be subjected.Air contents less than shown in Table 1 may not produce adequatedurability. Air contents h
42、igher than the levels shown may reduce strengthwithout contributing further to freeze-thaw resistance.6.1.6 When structural lightweight concrete is specified, thepurchaser shall specify the density as freshly mixed density,equilibrium density, or oven-dry density.NOTE 6The freshly mixed density of l
43、ightweight concrete, that is theonly density determinable at the time of delivery, is always higher than theequilibrium density or oven-dry density. Definitions of, and methods fordetermining or calculating freshly mixed, equilibrium, and oven-drydensities of lightweight concrete are covered in Test
44、 Methods C 138/C 138M and C 567.6.1.7 If desired, any of the optional requirements of Table 2of Specification C 1602/C 1602M.6.1.8 One of the following Options A, B, or C, shall be usedas the basis for determining the proportions of the fiber-reinforced concrete of the quality required.6.2 Option A:
45、6.2.1 When the purchaser assumes responsibility for mix-ture proportioning, the following parameters shall also bespecified by the purchaser:6.2.1.1 The cement content in pounds per cubic yard orkilograms per cubic metre,6.2.1.2 If supplementary cementitious are required, the type,and amounts to be
46、used in pounds per cubic yard or kilogramsper cubic metre, or in percentages by weight of cement,6.2.1.3 The maximum allowable amount of mixing water ingallons per cubic yard or litres per cubic metre, includingsurface moisture on the aggregates, but excluding waterabsorbed by the aggregate,6.2.1.4
47、If air-entraining admixtures are required, the type,name, and dosage range to be used to achieve the specified aircontent, (see 6.1.4),6.2.1.5 If chemical admixtures are required, the type, name,and dosage range to be used, and:6.2.1.6 The type of fibers to be used and the amount inpounds per cubic
48、yard or kilograms per cubic metre, (seeClassification Section 4).NOTE 7The dosage of air-entraining, water-reducing (including high-range), accelerating, and retarding admixtures needed to satisfy thematerial performance requirements varies. Therefore, dosage rangesshould be specified to ensure that
49、 the material performance requirementscan be met.NOTE 8The purchaser, in selecting requirements for which he as-sumes responsibility should give consideration to requirements for work-ability, placeability, durability, surface texture, and density. The purchaseris referred to ACI Practices 211.1 and 211.2 for selecting proportions thatwill result in concrete suitable for various types of structures andconditions of exposure, and to ACI Report 544.3R4for selecting concreteand fiber parameters suitable for fiber-reinforced concrete. For guidanceon selecting
