1、Designation: C113 14Standard Test Method forReheat Change of Refractory Brick1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C113; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthe
2、ses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the perma-nent linear
3、change of refractory brick when heated underprescribed conditions.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.NOTE 1Test methods
4、incorporating additional provisions pertinent tospecific refractory materials are given in the following Test Methods: CC179179, C C210210, and C C605605.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of t
5、his standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C134 Test Methods for Size, Dimensional Measurements,and Bulk Density of Refractory Brick and InsulatingFirebrickC179
6、Test Method for Drying and Firing Linear Change ofRefractory Plastic and Ramming Mix SpecimensC210 Test Method for Reheat Change of Insulating FirebrickC605 Test Method for Reheat Change of Fireclay Nozzlesand Sleeves (Withdrawn 1997)3E230 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force(EMF) Table
7、s for Standardized Thermocouples3. Significance and Use3.1 Refractory brick and shapes of different compositionsexhibit unique permanent linear changes after heating orreheating. This test method provides a standard procedure forheating various classes of refractories with appropriate heatingschedul
8、es.3.2 Linear reheat changes obtained by this test method aresuitable for use in research and development, also often used toestablish written specifications between producers and con-sumers.3.3 Care should be exercised in selecting samples that arerepresentative of the product being tested and that
9、 the scheduleselected is appropriate to the product.4. Apparatus4.1 Kiln, of such design that the specified heating scheduleand atmosphere can be maintained throughout the heatingzone.4.2 Linear Measuring Device, capable of being read to 0.02in. (0.5 mm) over a span of 10 in. (254 mm). A hook-rule,
10、asspecified in Test Methods C134, a vernier caliper, or a dial gagedevice may be used.4.3 Gas Sampling and Analysis Equipment, capable ofdetermining the percent free oxygen and total combustibles inthe atmosphere of the test chamber.5. Test Specimens5.1 For each test use three rectangular specimens
11、measuring9by412 by 212 or 3 in. (228 by 114 by 64 or 76 mm) in size,or, if smaller, shapes approaching these dimensions as closelyas possible. These may be commercial brick of the specifiedsize or test pieces cut out of larger shapes.5.2 Using ceramic paint or crayon, label each specimen, andmake a
12、reference mark at each end on the center line of a broadface to indicate the exact position where the measurement ismade. Measure the length on each of the three test specimensto the nearest 0.02 in. (0.5 mm).6. Procedure6.1 Placing Specimens in KilnPlace the test specimens inthe kiln so that each r
13、ests edgewise, that is, ona9by212 or1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 onRefractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on PhysicalProperties.Current edition approved March 1, 2014. Published May 2014. Originallyapproved in 1934. Last previous edi
14、tion approved in 2008 as C113 02(2008). DOI:10.1520/C0113-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.
15、3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13-in. (228 by 64 or 76-mm) face and set only one course high.Place each specimen upon the correspondin
16、g face of a support-ing brick that is from the same lot as the test specimen or atleast of equal refractoriness. Place between the test specimenand the supporting brick a layer of suitable refractory material,that is non-reactive under the test conditions and passing anASTM No. 16 (1.18-mm) sieve (e
17、quivalent to a 14-mesh TylerStandard Series) and retained on an ASTM No. 40 (425-m)sieve (equivalent to a 35-mesh Tyler Standard Series). Placeeach specimen so that it is not less than 112 in. (38 mm) fromother test specimens or from the furnace wall.6.2 Temperature MeasurementMeasure the temperatur
18、ewithin the kiln by means of an appropriate calibrated thermo-couple. Refer to E230, Tables 1 and 2, for the tolerances andupper temperature limits for use of various thermocouples. Athigher temperatures, the thermocouple may be withdrawn anda calibrated optical or radiation pyrometer can be used. P
19、lacethe hot junction of the thermocouple or sight the pyrometer soas to register the temperature of the test specimens. Maketemperature readings at intervals not greater than 15 min.Check the kiln periodically by thermocouples, pyrometers orpyrometric cones to ensure that temperatures over the heart
20、h donot differ by more than 25F (14C).6.3 Test AtmosphereAt all temperatures above 1470F(800C) the furnace atmosphere shall contain a minimum of0.5 % oxygen and 0 % combustibles. Take gas-analysissamples from the furnace chamber proper.6.4 Test Temperature ScheduleOperate the kiln so as toconform to
21、 the appropriate heating schedule for the class ofrefractory being tested as shown in Table 1. Adjust the firingduring the hold period so that the temperatures will average thespecified temperature within 5F (3C).After completion of theheating schedule, cool the specimens in the closed kiln tobelow
22、800F (425C) before removing.6.5 Measuring Fired SpecimensRemeasure the test speci-mens at room temperature in accordance with 4.2 after rubbingthe ends with an abrasive block to remove small blisters, ifnecessary.7. Calculation and Report7.1 Calculate the percentage linear change based upon theorigi
23、nal length of each specimen. Report the average of thethree individual values as the reheat change in the test.8. Precision and Bias8.1 Interlaboratory Test DataAn interlaboratory round-robin test was conducted between eight laboratories at threedifferent reheat temperatures.8.1.1 In the interlabora
24、tory study, four types of brick weretested, three samples each, a total of seven sets at eachlaboratory.8.1.2 Heating schedules, brick types tested, averages of alldeterminations, and precisions are given in Table 2.8.2 PrecisionFor the components of variation given inTable 2, a test result composed
25、 of three samples should beconsidered significantly different at a confidence level of 95 %,if the repeatability or reproducibility exceeds the precision datagiven in Table 2.8.3 BiasNo justifiable statement on bias is possible sincethe true physical properties of refractories cannot be estab-lished
26、 by an acceptable reference material.9. Keywords9.1 heating schedule; refractory brick; reheat change; tem-perature measurements; test atmosphereTABLE 1 Heating Schedule for Reheat of Various Types of RefractoriesElapsed Timefrom Start ofHeating, hAllowableDeviationfromSchedule,F (C)Temperature of T
27、est Specimen, F (C) (The highest temperature in each schedule shall be maintained for 5 h)Schedule A Schedule B Schedule C Schedule D Schedule E Schedule F Schedule G Schedule H1 50 (28) 1380 (750) 1740 (950) 1740 (950) 1605 (875) 1500 (815) 1740 (950) 1740 (950) 1740 (950)2 25 (14) 2010 (1100) 2370
28、 (1300) 2370 (1300) 2280 (1250) 2230 (1220) 2370 (1300) 2370 (1300) 2370 (1300)3 15 (8.5) 2190 (1200) 2550 (1400) 2685 (1475) 2460 (1350) 2350 (1290) 2640 (1450) 2685 (1475) 2685 (1475)4 15 (8.5) . . 2845 (1565) . . 2730 (1500) 2845 (1565) 2845 (1565)5 15 (8.5) . . 2910 (1600) . . . 2910 (1600) 2910
29、 (1600)661215 (8.5)15 (8.5).2970 (1630)3000 (1650)2970 (1630)3000 (1650)7 15 (8.5) . . . . . . . 3025 (1665)8 15 (8.5) . . . . . . . 3070 (1690)812 15 (8.5) . . . . . . . 3090 (1700)C113 142ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with
30、any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technic
31、al committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration
32、 at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbo
33、r Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.a
34、stm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).TABLE 2 Precision of Interlaboratory Test Results Relative precision does not apply since values pass through the point of zero.NOTE 1Relative precision does not apply since valu
35、es pass through the point of zero.Schedule B2550FSchedule C2910FSchedule H3090FPooledPrecisionHi-DutyFireclay70 %AluminaS. DutyFireclay70 %Alumina90 %Alumina70 %Alumina90 %AluminaLinear changeaverage % 0.11 +0.79 0.49 +2.89 +0.16 +2.43 +0.83 .PrecisionRepeatability IIReproducibility IR0.320.340.340.720.350.810.360.560.180.250.530.790.410.490.360.60C113 143
