1、Designation: A 686 92 (Reapproved 2004)Standard Specification forTool Steel, Carbon1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 686; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in p
2、arentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, andphysical
3、requirements for available wrought carbon tool steelproducts.1.2 These products, which include hot- or cold-finished bar,plate, sheet, rod, wire, or forgings, are normally fabricated intotools, dies, or fixtures. The selection of a material for aparticular application will depend upon design, servic
4、e condi-tions, and desired properties.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are providedfor information only.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA 3
5、88/A 388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination ofHeavy Steel ForgingsA 561 Practice for Macroetch Testing of Tool Steel BarsA 700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and LoadingMethods for Steel Products for Domestic ShipmentE3 Methods of Preparation of Metallographic SpecimensE30 Test Methods for Chem
6、ical Analysis of Steel, CastIron, Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought IronE45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Contentof SteelE59 Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determinationof Chemical Composition2.2 Military Standard:MIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Products, Preparation for Ship-ment and Stor
7、age32.3 Federal Standards:Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)3Fed. Std. No. 183 Continuous Identification Marking ofIron and Steel Products33. Classification3.1 Material in accordance with this specification is classi-fied by chemical composition. Types correspond to respectiveAI
8、SI designations.3.1.1 Carbon Tool Steels, Identification WTypes W1, W2,and W5 are often referred to as water hardening tool steelssince they require rapid quenching rates to attain the necessaryhardness. Except in very small sizes they will harden with ahard case and a soft core.3.1.1.1 Type W1 is a
9、n unalloyed carbon steel available inseveral carbon ranges.3.1.1.2 Type W2 is characterized by a nominal vanadiumcontent of 0.25 % and is also available in several carbonranges.3.1.1.3 Type W5 is characterized by a nominal chromiumcontent of 0.50 %.3.1.1.4 A suffix following the type designation is
10、added todenote the minimum carbon content of the carbon range to bespecified.3.1.2 Types W1 and W2 are further classified by qualitylevels, namely, Grade A and Grade C.3.1.2.1 GradeAis sometimes referred to as Extra or Special.It is controlled for hardenability; the chemical composition isheld to cl
11、osest limits; and it is subject to rigid tests to ensureuniformity. Grade A is available with three degrees of harden-ability, namely, shallow hardening, regular hardening, and deephardening.3.1.2.2 Grade C is sometimes referred to as Regular orStandard. It is intended for applications that do not r
12、equirecontrolled hardenability and where some latitude in uniformityis permissible.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall includethe following information, as required to describe adequatelythe desired material:4.1.1 Class of material (carbon tool steel),1This
13、specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys, and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.29 on Tool Steels.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2004. Published January 2005. Originallyapproved in 1973. Last previous edition approved
14、in 1999 as A 686 92 (1999).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Do
15、cuments Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.1.2 Type (W1, W2, W5),4.1.3 Suffix denoting carbon range (where applicable, suchas W19
16、, W210, etc.),4.1.4 Grade and hardenability (where applicable, for ex-ample, Grade A deep hardening, and so forth),4.1.5 Shape (sheet, plate, flat bar, round bar, square bar,hexagon bar, octagon, special shapes),4.1.6 Dimensions (thickness, width, diameter, length),4.1.7 Finish (hot rolled, forged,
17、blasted or pickled, colddrawn, machined, ground, precision ground and polished),4.1.8 Condition (annealed, unannealed, hardened and tem-pered, and so forth),4.1.9 ASTM specification number and date of issue, and4.1.10 Special requirements.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Unless otherwise specified, m
18、aterial covered by thisspecification shall be made by an electric melting process. Itshall be made from ingots that have been reduced in crosssection in such a manner and to such a degree as to ensureproper refinement of the ingot structure.6. Chemical Composition6.1 An analysis of each heat of stee
19、l shall be made by themanufacturer to determine the percentage of the elementsspecified and these values shall conform to the chemicalcomposition specified in Table 1. If requested or required, thechemical composition shall be reported to the purchaser or hisrepresentative.6.2 Analysis may be made b
20、y the purchaser from finishedbars and forgings by machining off the entire cross section anddrilling parallel to the axis of the bar or forging at any pointmidway between the center and surface in accordance with thelatest issue of Method E59. The chemical analysis of thedrilling chips shall be made
21、 in accordance with the latest issueof Methods E30. The chemical composition thus determinedshall not vary from the limits specified in Table 1.7. Hardness Properties7.1 Annealed hardness values shall be obtained in accor-dance with the latest issue of Test Methods and DefinitionsA 370, and shall no
22、t exceed the Brinell hardness values (orequivalent Rockwell hardness values) specified in Table 2.7.2 Specimens for determination of minimum response tohardening shall be -in. (6.4-mm) thick disks cut so as torepresent either the full cross-sectional area or that midwaybetween the center and outer s
23、urface of the material. If thematerial form or size does not lend itself to accurate hardnessdetermination on -in. (6.4-mm) thick cross-sectional disks,then longitudinal specimens may be used for hardness testing.Examples are round bars less than12 in. (12.7 mm) in diameteror sheet. In this case, th
24、e specimen shall be a minimum of 3 in.(76.2 mm) in length and parallel flats shall be ground on theoriginal mill surfaces. The specimens shall be heat treated asprescribed in Table 3.7.2.1 The hardness of the specimen after the specified heattreatment shall meet the minimum hardness value for thepar
25、ticular type of steel shown in Table 3. Rockwell C testsshould be used where possible but light load tests may benecessary on thin specimens. These tests should be specified byagreement between seller and purchaser. The hardness valueshall be obtained in accordance with the latest issue of TestMetho
26、ds and Definitions A 370, and shall be the average of atleast five readings taken in an area midway between the centerand surface of the largest dimension of the cross-sectionalspecimen or along the parallel surfaces of the longitudinalspecimen. The surface to be tested shall be ground sufficientlyt
27、o remove any surface condition, scale, carburization, ordecarburization which might affect readings.7.2.2 Hardness penetration and fracture grain size for GradeA shall be determined on test pieces of34 in. (19.1 mm)diameter and 3 in. (76.2 mm) length. Two pieces for each testshall be given a prelimi
28、nary treatment by heating uniformly to1600 6 10F (871 6 5C) and holding at temperature for 40TABLE 1 Chemical Composition, %AUNSDesig-nationType Grade Carbon Man-ganeseSilicon Phos-phorus,maxSulfur,maxChromium Vanadium Tung-sten,maxMolyb-denum,maxCopper,maxNickel,maxmin max min max min max min max m
29、in maxT72301 W1 ABB0.10 0.40 0.10 0.40 0.030 0.030 . . . 0.15 . . . 0.10 0.15 0.10 0.20 0.20T72301 W1 CBB0.10 0.40 0.10 0.40 0.030 0.030 . . . 0.30 . . . 0.10 0.15 0.10 0.20 0.20T72302 W2 ACC0.10 0.40 0.10 0.40 0.030 0.030 . . . 0.15 0.15 0.35 0.15 0.10 0.20 0.20T72302 W2 CCC0.10 0.40 0.10 0.40 0.03
30、0 0.030 . . . 0.30 0.15 0.35 0.15 0.10 0.20 0.20T72305 W5 . 1.05 1.15 0.10 0.40 0.10 0.40 0.030 0.030 0.40 0.60 . . . 0.10 0.15 0.10 0.20 0.20AChemistry limits include product analysis tolerances.BThe carbon ranges for W1 and their respective suffix identification, sometimes referred to as tempers,
31、are as follows:Suffix Carbon Range, % Suffix Carbon Range, %8 0.800.90 10 1.001.108 0.850.95 10 1.051.159 0.901.00 11 1.101.209 0.951.05 11 1.151.25CThe carbon ranges for W2 and their respective suffix identification are as follows:Suffix Carbon Range, %8 0.850.959 0.901.009 0.951.1013 1.301.50A 686
32、 92 (2004)2min, then quenching in oil. One piece shall be reheated to 14506 10F (788 6 5C) and the other to 15506 10F (843 65C). Each piece shall be held in the furnace at the respectivetemperature for 30 min and then quenched in brine (5 to 10 %sodium chloride solution). The pieces shall be nicked
33、with anabrasive wheel in the center of the length and fractured. Thefracture face of one portion of each broken test piece shall beground smooth and etched in1+1muriatic acid at 165F(74C) for measurement of the depth of penetration to beexpressed in 64ths of an inch. The fracture grain size shall be
34、determined on the remaining portion of each broken test pieceby comparison of the fracture surface of the hardened case withthe Shepherd Fracture Grain Size Standards.4These standardsconsist of ten pieces of steel with fracture faces representinggraduated grain sizes from the coarsest (No. 1) to the
35、 finest(No. 10). The fracture grain size is estimated to the nearestquarter number. The hardness penetration and fracture grainsize for GradeAshall meet the requirements shown in Table 3.8. Macrostructure8.1 The macrostructure of a specimen representing theentire cross-sectional area in the annealed
36、 condition shall beprepared in accordance with the latest issue of Practice A 561.It shall exhibit a structure free of excessive porosity, segrega-tion, slag, dirt or other nonmetallic inclusions, pipes, checks,cracks, and other injurious defects.8.2 Macroetch severity levels for center porosity and
37、 ingotpattern, illustrated photographically in PracticeA 561, shall notexceed the ratings specification in Table 4 for the appropriatematerial size and composition. More stringent requirements areavailable by agreement between seller and purchaser.9. Decarburization9.1 Decarburization shall be deter
38、mined on a specimenrepresenting a cross section of the material and prepared inaccordance with the latest issue of Methods E3. Whenexamined at 203 or greater magnification it shall not exceedthe values given in Tables 5-9 for the appropriate size andshape of material. Lower limits of decarburization
39、 may bespecified by agreement between the seller and purchaser.9.2 Material ordered as ground and polished or groundfinished or machine finished shall be free of scale anddecarburization.10. Permissible Variations for Dimensions10.1 Permissible variations for dimensions shall not exceedthe applicabl
40、e limits stated in Table 6, and Tables 10-22 andNote 1.NOTE 1Unmachined tool steel forgings are furnished to size andsurface allowances for machining and tolerances over allowances. Expe-rience indicates that the allowances and tolerances in the tabulation beloware satisfactory for many applications
41、. When width and thickness differ,each dimension carries its individual allowance and tolerance in accor-dance with the tabulation: also, the ID and OD take their respectiveallowances and tolerances. When forgings are ordered, the purchasershould state whether the sizes are the forged or the finishe
42、d sizes. Theminimum sizes ordered for forgings should be the finished sizes plusallowances for machining; and the ordered forged sizes are subject toapplicable tolerances10.2 Out-of-round tolerances for round bars shall be onehalf the permissible dimensional variations stated in Table 6,Table 10, Ta
43、ble 12, Table 14, Table 15, and Table 17.11. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance11.1 All carbon tool steels shall be free of heavy scale, deeppitting, laps, porosity, injurious segregations, excessive non-metallic inclusions, seams, cracks, checks, slivers, scale marks,dents, soft and hard spots, pi
44、pes, or any defects that woulddetrimentally affect the suitability of the material after removalof the recommended stock allowance.12. Sampling12.1 Each particular shipment of a heat of steel by type,size, and shape shall be considered a lot and must conform tothe provisions of this specification.13
45、. Inspection13.1 When specified in the purchase order, the inspectorrepresenting the purchaser shall have access to the materialsubject to inspection for the purpose of witnessing the selectionof samples, preparation of test pieces, and performance of thetests. For such tests, the inspector shall ha
46、ve the right toindicate the pieces from which samples will be selected.Otherwise, the seller shall report to the purchaser, or hisrepresentative, the results of the chemical analysis and thephysical and mechanical property tests made in accordancewith this specification.14. Rejection and Rehearing14
47、.1 Unless otherwise specified, any rejections based ontests made in accordance with this specification shall bereported to the seller within 30 days from the date of receipt ofthe material.14.2 Material that shows injurious defects subsequent to itsacceptance by the purchaser shall be rejected and t
48、he sellernotified.14.3 Samples tested in accordance with this specificationthat represent rejected material shall be preserved for 30 daysfrom the date of the test report. In case of dissatisfaction withthe results of the test, the seller may make claim for a rehearingwithin that time.15. Packaging,
49、 Loading, and Package Marking15.1 Packaging and Loading:4The Shepherd Fracture Grain Size Standards may be purchased from Metal-lurgical Services, Inc., Box 1075, 925 Main St., Niagara Falls, NY 14302.TABLE 2 Maximum Brinell Hardness in Annealed or Cold DrawnConditionType Annealed BHN Cold Drawn BHNW1 202 241W2 202 241W5 202 241Drill Rod (W1, W2, or W5)Ordered Diameter, in. (mm) Brinell RockwellTo18 (3.2) HB 341 HRC 37Over18 to14 (3.2 to 6.4), incl HB 275 HRC 28Over14 to12 (6.4 to 12.7), incl HB 241 HRC 23Over12 (12.7) HB 207 HRB 96A 686 92 (
