1、Designation: C1146 09 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Guide forPrefabricated Panel and Hbar Insulation Systems forVessels, Ducts and Equipment Operating at TemperaturesAbove Ambient Air1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1146; the number immediately following the designation indicates th
2、e year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide describes design, fabrication, shipping
3、,handling, jobsite storage, and installation of prefabricatedpanel and H-Bar insulation systems for vessels, ducts, andequipment operating at temperatures above ambient. Typicalapplications include, but are not limited to, air and gas ducts,steam generating units, air quality control systems, fans,s
4、torage tanks, process vessels, and coke drums1.2 The insulation described herein is limited to systemsconsisting of insulating units specially designed to fit thesurfaces to be insulated, and engineered for the service andenvironmental requirements. The insulation unit may alsoinclude special design
5、 features which facilitate the removal andreplacement for maintenance and inspection.1.3 When prefabricated panels are used, each insulation unitfactory preassembled and typically comprised of the insulation,an outer lagging to which the insulation is attached, an innerretaining wire mesh, optional
6、foil lining, and means formechanically securing multiple units together in an assembly.1.4 H-bar systems represent insulation units that are typi-cally comprised of the insulation, outer lagging and a uniquelyconfigured subgirt design which both supports the insulationand provides a means for mechan
7、ically securing multiple unitstogether in an assembly. The design of the subgirt creates an“H” configuration which is fabricated from light gauge sheetmetal. The subgirt components consist of: (1) a “J-bar” shapewhich frames the perimeter edges of the surface to beinsulated, holds the insulation in
8、place along the outer edge andprovides a screen attachment point for the outer lagging; (2) the“H-bar” shape is placed at defined intervals. The web section ofthe “H-bar” supports the insulation while the exterior flangeallows for the outer lagging to be attached with threadedfasteners.1.5 The value
9、s stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with i
10、ts use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1When prefabricated panel or H-Bar insulation systems arespecified, Test Methods C167, C177 and C1061, Mater
11、ial SpecificationsA36/A36M, A463/A463M, B209, C612, and Terminology C168 shouldbe considered.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A36/A36M Specification for Carbon Structural SteelA463/A463M Specification for Steel Sheet, Aluminum-Coated, by the Hot-Dip ProcessB209 Specification for Aluminum a
12、nd Aluminum-AlloySheet and PlateC167 Test Methods for Thickness and Density of Blanket orBatt Thermal InsulationsC168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means ofthe Guarded-Hot-Plate ApparatusC612
13、 Specification for Mineral Fiber Block and BoardThermal InsulationC1061 Test Method for Thermal Transmission Properties ofNon-Homogeneous Insulation Panels Installed Vertically(Withdrawn 1995)33. Terminology3.1 Terminology C168 shall be considered as applying tothe terms in this specification.1This
14、guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on ThermalInsulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.40 on InsulationSystems.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013. Published January 2014. Originallyapproved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C1146 09. DOI:1
15、0.1520/C1146-09R13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this histori
16、cal standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 convection barrier (flue stop)barriers to internal airflow sometimes refered to as “chi
17、mney effect”) which areplaced between the inner liner and the hot surface beinginsulated. The barriers are generally a combination of sheetmetal and with the insulation material mechanically attached.Convection barriers are required when the insulation is not indirect contact with the plate surface
18、and only on vertical andsloping surfaces of less than 45 incline.3.2.2 flashingsheet metal of the same material as thelagging, used to cover openings in the insulation typicallyoccurring at locations, such as corners, penetrations framing ofdoors and closures. Flashing may be fixed (permanent) orrem
19、ovable to allow for inspection and maintenance, that is,expansion joints.3.2.3 inner linerthe innermost surface or cover of theprefabricated panel (closest to the hot surface) composed ofreflective aluminum foil and wire mesh.3.2.4 insulationessentially homogenous insulation, gener-ally in semi-rigi
20、d board from and, in which relevant propertiesare not a function of position within the material itself, but maybe a function of such variables as time and temperature.3.2.5 laggingthe outermost cover or sheet of the prefab-ricated panel or Hbar system (farthest from the hot surface),which performs
21、a structural function as well as providesprotection from weather and mechanical abuse. The lagging isgenerally fabricated from corrugated, ribbed, or flat sheet;smooth or stucco-embossed; mill finish or painted; clad ornon-clad.3.2.6 penetrationsopenings through a unit of insulationfrom the hot plat
22、e surface through to the exterior cold surface.Penetrations such as test ports should be covered with remov-able insulation assemblies. The insulation thickness should beequal to the surface being insulated.3.2.7 retaining devices3.2.7.1 prefabricated panelsmetallic members passingthrough the insula
23、tion between the hot surface and the coldsurface. Generally, these include: pins, prongs, or other accept-able means used and secured with washers and speed clips tohold the assembly together.3.2.7.2 H-bar systemsH-bar systems includes retainingdevices such as a backing strap or expanded metal betwe
24、en theH-bar. These devices are placed midway between the insula-tion boards and provide support on wall applications. On top ofsurfaces, the H-bar retaining device may be either expandedmetal or a corrugated inner-liner to hold the insulation in theH-bar track3.2.8 support member (subgrit)straps, ba
25、rs, or anglesattached to the plate surface or external casing stiffeners beinginsulated and to which the insulation units are attached.4. Significance and Use4.1 The purpose of this guide is to ensure that a functionalsystem will result when considering the use of prefabricatedpanel or H-bar insulat
26、ion systems. Both systems require avarying degree of pre-engineering and prefabrication so thatthe insulation will produce the specified thermal, mechanicaland environmental design requirements Both the prefabricatedpanels and H-bar systems which can also be used in combina-tion with each other are
27、to be designed to:4.1.1 Limit loss of heat from insulated surface.4.1.2 Limit exposed surface temperatures for burn protec-tion of personnel.4.1.3 Maintain optimum temperatures of the insulatedequipment at or above a specified minimum value required forthe proper operation of the equipment.4.1.4 Pro
28、duce a system or assembly that is designed toprovide allowance for thermal expansion; is structurally ad-equate; is of a weathertight construction; and incorporatesdesign features that promote efficient removal for inspection,repair and maintenance where required.5. Panel Design Specifications for P
29、refabricated Paneland H-bar Systems5.1 General:5.1.1 The purchase specification should clearly indicate thesurfaces to be insulated. Either insulation type and thickness oraverage heat loss requirements shall be part of the specifica-tion.5.1.2 The purchase specification should clearly indicate theo
30、perating temperature of the item to be insulated. When up-setor worst-case temperature conditions are to be considered, themaximum temperature excursion and time duration should bestated.5.1.3 Heat loss through uninsulated surfaces, or increasedheat loss that results when it is necessary to reduce i
31、nsulationthickness to accommodate localized interferences withequipment, supports, hangers, etc., should be considered in theoverall insulation design.5.1.4 Conduction paths which produce high heat on exteriorlagging or “cold spots” on plate interior and are attributed tothe insulation subgrit desig
32、n should be minimized. The use of“through-fasteners” or bolts where protruding heads can occurshould be kept to a minimum. There should be no “rattling” or“free-play” of the exterior lagging.5.1.5 Convection barriers (flue stops) are typically installedat 12 to 15 ft (3657 to 4572 mm) vertical cente
33、rs as well as toclose off the corners of plate surfaces. The materials generallyconsist of sheet metal welded to plate surfaces and coveredwith insulation of the same thickness that is used to insulate theexterior envelope. The insulation is secured to the metalconvection barrier through use of pins
34、 and washers. Wheninstalled, the insulated convection barrier should produce atight fit all around; including into the web of intersectingstructural stiffeners; in order to minimize internal heat paths.5.1.6 All components of the insulation units, as physicalstructures, must be capable of withstandi
35、ng the temperaturesand environmental design conditions to which they will besubjected without mechanical or structural failure or detrimen-tal changes in physical properties.5.1.7 When subjected to maximum service temperature andoperating conditions insulation units should not warp, deform,shrink, o
36、r shift so as to affect their performance. The materialsC1146 09 (2013)2should perform their functions for the specified service life andbe compatible with the specified environmental conditions.5.1.8 Since permanent deformation of the insulation cancause loss of efficiency, the design specification
37、 should definethe insulated areas required to have reinforced lagging con-struction. Example: Roof design to accommodate a “walkload” or “foot traffic.”5.1.9 Insulation units should be provided with overlappingjoints or other suitable means to form a natural watershed andpreclude siphoning of water
38、and air infiltration through openareas.5.1.10 Insulation units, assemblies and flashing arrange-ments of units should be equipped with overlapping slip jointsor other suitable means to provide for the differential move-ment between the hot surface insulated and the insulation,since the temperature o
39、f the outer lagging and flashing will belower than that of the hot surface.5.1.11 The insulation system is engineered and prefabri-cated to fit the purchasers equipment, therefore, it is theresponsibility of the purchaser to supply drawings,specifications, and pertinent operation data to the systemm
40、anufacturer and installing contractor for the equipment to beproperly insulated.5.1.12 Purchase specification should make provisions topreclude galvanic action between dissimilar metals. Likewisethe specification should note where any field welding to exoticalloys or lined surface is not allowed or
41、require that specialwelding procedures be followed.5.2 Thermal:5.2.1 When maximum heat loss is specified by thepurchaser, the purchase specification should clearly indicatethe operating parameters where the average heat loss through aunit of area of the insulation is permissible. This thermalperform
42、ance should be referenced to the area of the hot surfacebeing insulated unless otherwise specified. Consideration forabove average heat loss occurring through insulation joints,attachment to subgirt or high heat loss through protrusionsneed to be factored into the overall insulation design thickness
43、.5.2.2 When maximum temperature of exterior lagging forpersonnel protection is specified by the purchaser, the averagemean air temperature and minimum wind velocity should alsobe supplied. Emissivity value of lagging should be stated alongwith relevant information pertaining to average-mean environ-
44、mental conditions.5.2.3 If personnel exposure to high surface temperature isconsidered to be a danger in limited areas, those areas shouldbe explicitly identified and one or more of the followingalternatives will be required.5.2.3.1 External guarding, barricades,5.2.3.2 Additional, thickness or high
45、-efficiency insulation5.2.3.3 High emittance outer lagging, or5.2.3.4 Other acceptable techniques agreed to between thepurchaser and the installer.6. Shipping, Storage, and Handling of PrefabricatedPanel and H-bar Systems6.1 All insulation materials, whether prefabricated panel orH-bar system, shoul
46、d be packaged, shipped, stored, andhandled in a manner that will result in their remaining in thesame condition as they left the manufacturer.6.2 Shipping containers should be weather-resistant, sturdyand wrapped with a protective covering to limit entrance ofcontaminants and damage to the insulatio
47、n and “water-staining” of lagging during shipment and storage.6.3 Shipping containers should be identified with the pur-chase order number, the material identification number, specialshipping and handling instruction (this side up, stackinglimitations), and special instructions (storage, unpackingre
48、strictions, etc., as appropriate).6.4 Shipping containers should be arranged in such amanner that identification markings on the outside are clearlyvisible from adjacent sides and using indelible markings.6.5 Insulation should be stored and protected in its “asshipped” condition in the shipping cont
49、ainers to preserve itsshop cleanliness level until it is ready to be installed.6.6 Containers in storage should be sufficiently elevatedabove ground level to prevent surface water and drainagedamage. Protective coverings should not be the type to incurUV degration when exposed to sunlight for extended periods oftime6.7 Periodic storage inspection should be conducted untilthe insulation is removed for installation. The frequency of theinspections should be governed by the results of previousinspection and on-site storage conditions.7. Panel Installation Procedure7.1 Sin
