1、Designation: C 1185 08Standard Test Methods forSampling and Testing Non-Asbestos Fiber-Cement FlatSheet, Roofing and Siding Shingles, and Clapboards1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1185; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、 in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover sampling and testing ofnon-asbestos fiber-cement flat
3、sheets, roofing shingles, sidingshingles, and clapboards. These products may be smooth orsurface textured. These test methods are utilized in evaluatingproducts cited in Specifications C 1186, C 1225, C 1288, andC 1325.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The valu
4、es given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to esta
5、blish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C20 Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Water Absorp-tion, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density ofBurned Refractory Brick and Shape
6、s by Boiling WaterC 1154 Terminology for Non-Asbestos Fiber-ReinforcedCement ProductsC 1186 Specification for Flat Non-Asbestos Fiber-CementSheetsC 1225 Specification for Non-Asbestos Fiber-CementRoofing Shingles, Shakes, and SlatesC 1288 Specification for Discrete Non-Asbestos Fiber-Cement Interior
7、 Substrate SheetsC 1325 Specification for Non-Asbestos Fiber-Mat Rein-forced Cementitious Backer Units2.2 ISO Standards:ISO 390 Product in Fiber Reinforced Cement Sampling andInspection3ISO 2859-0 Sampling Procedures for Inspection byAttributesPart 0: Introduction to the ISO 2859AttributeSampling Sy
8、stem3ISO 2859-1 Sampling Procedures for Inspection byAttributesPart 1: Sampling Schemes Indexed byAccep-tance Quality Limit (AQL) for Lot-by-Lot Inspection3ISO 3951 Sampling Procedures and Charts for Inspectionby Variables for Percent Nonconforming33. Terminology3.1 Definitions: Refer to Terminology
9、 C 1154.3.1.1 densitythe mass per unit volume expressed inpounds per cubic foot (lb/ft3) or kilograms per cubic metre(kg/m3).3.1.2 flexural strengththe average flexural strength is theaverage of two perpendicular breaks expressed in pound-forceper square inch (megapascals) as calculated from the ave
10、ragebreaking load of wet or equilibrium test specimens, loaded assimple beams, with the load applied at the center.3.1.3 heat-rain sheetsfixed to a building frame in accor-dance with the manufacturers recommended installation prac-tices. The sheeted frame is then subjected to alternate wettingand he
11、ating cycles and any structural alteration of the sheetcaused by the test is reported.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 dimensionsfor the purpose of these test methods, thelength, width and thickness of fiber-cement flat sheets, roofingshingles, siding shingles, and clapboard
12、are measured underspecified conditions.3.2.2 moisture contentfor the purpose of these test meth-ods, the percentage of moisture content of the fiber-cementproduct when conditioned at 50 6 5 % relative humidity and atemperature of 73 6 4F (23 6 2C).3.2.3 moisture movementin these test methods, the li
13、nearvariation in length and width of test specimen, with change inmoisture content.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C17 onFiber-Reinforced Cement Products and are the direct responsibility of Subcommit-tee C17.02 on Non-Asbestos Fiber Cement Products.Current edition a
14、pproved May 1, 2008. Published May 2008. Originallyapproved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C 1185 03.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refe
15、r to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United State
16、s.3.2.4 water absorptionfor the purpose of these test meth-ods, the increase in mass of the test specimen expressed as apercentage of its dry mass after immersion in water for aspecified period of time as prescribed.4. Sampling and Inspection4.1 Employ sampling procedures providing an acceptablequal
17、ity level (AQL) of 4 % at a 90 % confidence level with asample size given by special inspection level S3, except wherespecific sampling is required by particular test procedures.4.2 Acceptable Quality Level (AQL)The acceptable qual-ity level (AQL) may be defined as follows:4.2.1 The maximum percent
18、nonconforming that, for pur-poses of sampling inspection, can be considered satisfactory asa process or long-term average, and4.2.2 A quality level which corresponds to relatively highprobability (commonly 90 %) of acceptance.4.3 Sample SizeThe sample size is determined accordingto the inspection lo
19、t size by the special inspection level S3 ofISO 2589-1 where the inspection is by attributes or specialinspection level S3 of ISO 3951 where the inspection is byvariables.NOTE 1When a manufacturers process satisfies a sampling schemewith an AQL of 4 % then this indicates that better than 96 % of the
20、inspected production exceeds the specifications. Under this type ofspecification the consumer is provided the protection and confidence of aclearly defined lower boundary. This would not be true if acceptance werebased solely on the average value of the measured property. Examples ofsampling schemes
21、 which may be used can be found in documents such asISO 390, ISO 2859-1,orISO 3951. Other sampling schemes may be used.Inspection by attributes is a method which consists of determining, forevery item of a sample, the presence or absence of a certain qualitativecharacteristic (attribute) with respec
22、t to the applicable specification. It is,in essence, a pass-fail inspection which determines the number of items ina sample that do conform to the specification and the number of those thatdo not conform. An attribute could be a dimensional measurement, or aflexural strength value, or others that ar
23、e described in these test methods.Inspection by variable is a method which consists of measuring aquantitative characteristic for each item in a sample. Conformance withthe applicable specification is determined from the mean values of themeasured properties and the statistical variations of these v
24、alues aboveand below the mean. These procedures detail sampling plans to suit allcommon sampling situations. The sampling plans specify the number ofspecimens to be taken from each batch and the acceptance/rejectioncriteria. The specified inspection levels have been selected to suitfiber-cement prod
25、ucts, to balance the cost of assessment against confi-dence in results commensurate with this industry.5. Flexural Strength (Modulus of Rupture)5.1 Significance and UseThis is a routine test measuringa primary product characteristic used for product grading.5.2 Procedure:5.2.1 Preparation of Test Sp
26、ecimens, (Flat Sheets)Cut apair of specimens, each 6 6116 in. (152 6 1.6 mm) in widthand 12 6116 in. (305 6 1.6 mm) in length, from the interiorarea of each sample sheet in such a manner that no edge ofspecimen is less that 3 in. (76 mm) from the original edges ofthe sheet. The longer dimension of o
27、ne of the specimens ofeach pair shall be parallel to the length of the sheet (that is,parallel with the fiber lay), and the other shall be at right anglesto it.5.2.2 Preparation of Test Specimens, (Roofing Shingles,Siding Shingles, and Clapboards)Cut a single specimen 6 6116 in. (1526 1.6 mm) in wid
28、th and 12 6116 in. (305 6 1.6mm) in length from each unit. Cut one half of the specimens insuch a manner that the 12-in. (305-mm) dimension of eachspecimen is parallel to one edge of the shingle or clapboardunit; cut one half of the specimens at right angles thereto.NOTE 2Alternate test specimen dim
29、ensions and span may be usedprovided that the ratio of the test span to specimen thickness is not lessthan 18, and that the actual span used be reported.5.2.3 Conditioning:5.2.3.1 Equilibrium ConditioningPlace the test speci-mens, for at least four days thickness19.4 ft2(1.8 m2) for 2 specimens,(2)A
30、rea per sheet 19.4 ft2(1.8 m2) or a sufficient number ofspecimens to cover an area of 37.7 ft2(3.5 m2), and(3) If the combined area of the sheets exceeds 37.7 ft2(3.5m2) the sheet lengths may be reduced to provide a test area notless than 37.5 ft2(3.5 m2).14.3.1.5 Avoid any significant external air
31、flow during thetest period.14.3.2 Fix the sample sheets to the test frame, observing allmanufacturers recommendations. The edge fixing distanceshall be the minimum allowed. The center distance betweenfixing shall be the maximum allowed. Include all weather-proofing and other attachments normally spe
32、cified in theassembly. Where sheets are recommended to have overlappingjoints, assemble the test frame accordingly. Set the sheeted testframe in a vertical position. Provide a water spray station towet one surface, along with a heating station, to provideuniform radiant heat. Subject the sheeted tes
33、t frame to thenumber of cycles specified in the applicable standard specifi-cation meeting the following requirements.14.3.3 Water spray at a rate of 1 gal/min for a period of 2 h,55 min, water temperature not to exceed 86F (30C),14.3.4 Pause for a period of 5 min,14.3.5 Radiant heat to give a measu
34、rement plate (1) tem-perature across the complete test frame surface of 140 6 9F(60 6 5C) for a period of 2 h, 55 min, and14.3.6 Pause for a period of 5 min.NOTE 6A measurement plate is defined as an aluminum plate 2 by 2in. (50 by 50 mm) of 0.040-in. (1-mm) thickness having a black mattefinish. A s
35、uggested method for obtaining a black matte finish is tocompletely blacken the measurement plate with soot from a burningcandle. The measurement plate shall have a thermal couple or similardevice attached to the surface of the plate.14.4 ReportOn completion of the final test cycle, inspectthe sheets
36、 with the unaided eye and report any damage orstructural alteration caused by the test.14.5 Precision and BiasNo statement is made about eitherthe precision or bias of Test Methods C 1185 for heat/rainwall structures, since the result merely states whether there isconformance to the criteria for suc
37、cess specified in the proce-dure.15. Heat/RainRoof Structures15.1 Significance and UseThis test is used to assess theinstalled performance of fiber cement roofing products undercyclic changes in moisture content.15.2 Fiber cement roofing materials are fastened to a roofingframe in accordance with th
38、e manufacturers recommendedinstallation practices. The assembled frame is then subjected toalternate wetting and heating cycles, and any structural alter-ation of the roofing materials caused by the test is reported.15.3 Test Specimens Fiber cement roofing product speci-mens used for the test shall
39、be drawn at random from the stockof finished products. The number of specimens required willdepend upon the manufacturers installation recommendationsand the size of the assembly to be tested.15.4 Procedure:15.4.1 Assemble a roof test frame according to the manu-facturers recommendations that simula
40、tes the rigidity of thefield installation. The construction of the frame should be aminimum of 47.7 ft2(4.5 m2).15.4.1.1 Avoid any significant external air flow during thetest period.15.4.2 Fix the roofing materials to the test frame, observingall manufacturers recommendations. The head lapping dis-
41、tance shall be the minimum allowed. All weatherproofing andother attachments normally specified shall be included in theassembly.The assembled test frame may be set in a plane downto a minimum slope of one in four, or alternatively may be setin a vertical position. A water spray station is provided
42、to wetthe top weather surface, along with a heating station to provideuniform radiant heat. The sheeted test frame should be sub-jected to the number of cycles specified in the applicablestandard specification meeting the following requirements.15.4.2.1 Water spray at a rate of 1 gal/min (4 L/min) f
43、or aperiod of 2 h, 55 min, with a water temperature not to exceed86F (40C).15.4.2.2 Pause for a period of 5 min.15.4.2.3 Radiant heat to give a measurement plate (1)temperature across the complete test frame surface of 140 69F (60 6 5C) for a period of 2 h and 55 min.15.4.2.4 Pause for a period of 5
44、 min.NOTE 7A measurement plate is defined as an aluminum plate 2 by 2in. (50 by 50 mm) of 0.040-in. (1-mm) thickness having a black mattefinish. A suggested method for obtaining a black matte finish is tocompletely blacken the measurement plate with soot from a burningcandle. The measurement plate s
45、hall have a thermal couple or similardevice attached to the surface of the plate.15.5 ReportOn completion of the final test cycle, inspectthe roofing products with the unaided eye and report anydamage or structural alteration caused by the test.15.6 Precision and BiasNo statement is made about eithe
46、rthe precision or bias of Test Methods C 1185 for heat/rainroof structures, since the result merely states whether there isconformance to the criteria for success specified in the proce-dure.16. Freeze/ThawRoofing Products16.1 Significance and UseThis test investigates the deg-radation of the produc
47、t due to exposure to repeated freeze-thawcycles. This test is a comparative one based on the percentageof strength reduction after a specified number of cycles.16.2 Test SpecimensTwenty test specimens shall be cutfrom ten separate pieces of product. Product to be tested shallbe conditioned for 28 da
48、ys at 73 6 4F (23 6 2C) and aC1185087relative humidity of 50 6 5 %. The specimens shall be 12 in.(305 mm) long and 6 in. (152 mm) wide or one-half the widthof an individual piece, if the piece is less than 12 in. wide. Cuttwo specimens from each piece of product, so that at least 50% of the top surf
49、ace area will come form the area of the piecethat would normally be exposed, as specified in the manufac-turers installation instructions. There shall be at least one cutedge of 12 in. that exposes the substrate on each specimen.Label each piece to identify which two pieces were cut from aspecific sample.16.3 Procedure:16.3.1 Divide the test specimens from each piece to formtwo sets of ten specimens each. One set is for control and oneis for freeze/thaw testing. Control specimens shall be retainedin a freezer at -10 6 10F (-23
