1、Designation: C 1193 05aStandard Guide forUse of Joint Sealants1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1193; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates
2、 the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide describes the use of a cold liquid-appliedsealant for joint sealing applications. Including joints onbuildings and related adjacent areas, such as plazas,
3、 decks, andpavements for vehicular or pedestrian use, and types ofconstruction other than highways and airfield pavements andbridges. Information in this guide is primarily applicable to asingle and multi-component, cold liquid-applied joint sealantand secondarily to a precured sealant when used wit
4、h aproperly prepared joint opening and substrate surfaces.1.2 An elastomeric or non-elastomeric sealant described bythis guide should meet the requirements of Specification C 834,C 920,orC 1311.1.3 This guide does not provide information or guidelinesfor the use of a sealant in a structural sealant
5、glazing applica-tion. Guide C 1401 should be consulted for this information.Additionally, it also does not provide information or guidelinesfor the use of a sealant in an insulating glass unit edge seal usedin a structural sealant glazing application. Guide C 1249 shouldbe consulted for this informa
6、tion.1.4 Practice C 919 should be consulted for information andguidelines for the use of a sealant in an application where anacoustic joint seal is required.1.5 This guide also does not provide information relative tothe numerous types of sealant that are available nor specificgeneric sealant proper
7、ties, such as hardness, tack-free time, orcuring process, among others. Guide C 1299 should be con-sulted for information on generally accepted comparativevalues for the characteristics and properties of the morecommon generic types of liquid-applied sealant.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to
8、be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parenthesis are provided forinformation only.1.7 The Committee with jurisdiction for this standard is notaware of any comparable standards published by other orga-nizations.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any
9、, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices, and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 The committee with jurisdiction over this standard is notaware of any comparable standard
10、s published by other orga-nizations.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C 510 Test Method for Staining and Color Change ofSingle- or Multicomponent Joint SealantsC 717 Terminology of Building Seals and SealantsC 719 Test Method for Adhesion and Cohesion of Elasto-meric Joint Sealants Under Cyc
11、lic Movement (HockmanCycle)C 792 Test Method for Effects of Heat Aging on WeightLoss, Cracking and Chalking of Elastomeric SealantsC 794 Test Method for Adhesion-in-Peel of ElastomericJoint SealantsC 834 Specification for Latex SealantsC 919 Practice for Use of Sealants in Acoustical Applica-tionsC
12、920 Specification for Elastomeric Joint SealantsC 1083 Test Method for Water Absorption of Cellular Elas-tomeric Gaskets and Sealing MaterialsC 1087 Test Method for Determining Compatibility ofLiquid-Applied Sealants with Accessories Used in Struc-tural Glazing SystemsC 1135 Test Method for Determin
13、ing Adhesion Propertiesof Structural sealantsC 1247 Test Method for Durability of Sealants Exposed toContinuous Immersion in LiquidsC 1248 Test Method for Staining of Porous Substrate byJoint SealantsC 1249 Guide for Secondary Seal for Sealed InsulatingGlass Units for Structural Sealant Glazing appl
14、icationsC 1253 Test Method for Determining the Outgassing Poten-tial of Sealant backingC 1299 Guide for Use in Selection of Liquid-Applied Seal-antsC 1311 Specification for Solvent Release Sealants1This standard is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C24 on BuildingSeals and Sealants and is the
15、 direct responsibility of Subcommittee C24.10 onSpecifications, Guides and Practices.Current edition approved May 1, 2005. Published June 2005. Originallyapproved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C 119305.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Consh
16、ohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.C 1330 Specification for Cylindrical Sealant Backing forUse with Cold Liquid-Applied SealantsC 1382 Guide for Determining Tensile Adhesion Propertiesof Sealants When Used in Exterior Insulation and FinishSystems (EIFS) SystemsC 1401 Guide for Structural Sealant
17、GlazingC 1442 Practice for Conducting Tests on Sealants UsingArtificial Weathering ApparatusC 1472 Guide for Calculating Movement and Other EffectsWhen Establishing Sealant Joint WidthD 2203 Test Method for Staining from Sealants3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsRefer to Terminology C 717 for definitions
18、of the following terms used in this guide: adhesive failure,bicellular sealant backing, blooming, bond-breaker, bridgesealant joint, butt sealant joint, cell, cellular material, chalk,chalking, chemically curing sealant, closed cell, closed cellmaterial, closed cell sealant backing, cohesive failure
19、, compat-ibility, compatible materials, compound, control joint, creep,cure, cured, dirt pick-up, durability, durability limit, elasto-meric, elongation, expansion joint, fillet sealant joint, gasket,hydrostatic pressure, isolation joint, fluid migration, joint filler,laitance, latex sealant, modulu
20、s, non-sag sealant, open cell,open cell material, open cell outgassing, premature deteriora-tion, primer, reversion, rundown, seal, sealant, sealant backing,self-leveling sealant, service life, shelf-life, shrinkage, siliconesealant, skin, solvent release sealant, structural sealant, sub-strate, too
21、ling, tooling time, weathertight, working life (potlife).3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 precured sealant, na preformed, factory cured, elas-tomeric material.4. Significance and Use4.1 This guide provides information and guidelines forconsideration by the designer or applica
22、tor of a joint seal. Itexplains the properties and functions of various materials, suchas sealant, sealant backing, and primer, among others; and,procedures such as, substrate cleaning and priming, andinstallation of the components of a sealed joint. It presentsguidelines for the use and application
23、 of the various materials,design of a sealant joint for a specific application, andenvironmental conditions and effects that are known to detri-mentally affect a sealant joint. The information and guidelinesare also useful for those that supply accessories to the sealantindustry and for those that i
24、nstall sealants and accessorymaterials associated with sealant use.4.2 In addition to the design and installation data in thisguide, consult the sealant manufacturer about applications forits products and their proper use and installation. Consideringthe range of properties of commercially available
25、 sealants, thevariety of joint designs possible, and the many conditions ofuse, the information contained herein is general in nature.4.3 To assist the user of the guide in locating specificinformation, a detailed listing of guide numbered sections andtheir descriptors are included in Appendix X2.5.
26、 General Considerations5.1 GeneralProper selection and use of a sealant isfundamental to its ultimate performance, service life, anddurability. A sealant joint subjected to movement and othersimilar performance factors should be designed for the particu-lar application to avoid compromising its perf
27、ormance capa-bility and causing failure (See 15). If not designed for theparticular application, failure is a distinct probability. Equallyimportant is the proper selection and use of other materials andproducts associated with sealant use. These include substratecleaner, surface conditioner or prim
28、er, type of sealant backingmaterial, bond-breaker, and joint filler, among others. Theability of a sealant installation to remain weathertight iscritically dependent on proper preparation, continuity, anddurability of the substrates to which the sealant will adhere,and compatibility of the sealant w
29、ith the materials it willcontact, including the substrates. The proper application andinstallation of the various materials and products, following theestablished joint design criteria, avoids premature deteriorationof the sealant joint. For a sealant joint that is difficult orexpensive to access (f
30、or example, tall buildings and certainroofs) a sealant should be selected that will have excellentenvironmental weathering characteristics to minimize mainte-nance. The following sections describe joint design guidelinesand the properties and use of a sealant and its associatedmaterials.5.2 Durabili
31、tyThe durability of a sealant and a sealantjoint is related to many factors. For example, environmentalexposure to solar radiation, ozone, heat-aging, and atmosphericcontaminants can lessen sealant durability. Inadequate con-struction tolerances and improper sealant joint design formovement and othe
32、r effects can contribute to sealant jointfailure, which is usually expressed as adhesive or cohesivefailure of the sealant. Inadequate installation (for example,where the sealant profile is inappropriate for movement, wheresubstrates have not been properly cleaned and, if required,primed, and the se
33、alant inadequately tooled, among others) isa common cause of failure. Conditions of exposure and design(where, for example, a sealant joint is exposed to constantwetting or to pedestrian or other traffic) can lessen sealant andsealant joint durability. The type of sealant, its primarypolymer backbon
34、e, and the particular sealant formulation canalso contribute to lessened durability, especially if a sealant isused in an application, or under conditions of use, notappropriate for it. Frequently, various combinations of envi-ronmental exposure and conditions of use occur which canresult in lessene
35、d durability. For example, depending on sealanttype, joint movement combined with heat aging and coldweather exposure or joint movement combined with heat agingand moisture can result in failure. To enhance durability, it isimportant that the sealant type is matched to the conditions ofuse and expos
36、ure and that the sealant joint is of proper designfor those conditions of use and exposure. In any event, eventualreplacement of a sealant that has reached its durability limitmust be planned for in the initial design and installation tofacilitate future remedial work.C 1193 05a25.2.1 Durability Tes
37、tingPresently, testing for sealant du-rability consists of exposing small-scale sealant samples toconditions intended to simulate the effects of movements (as inPractice C 719), and to artificial weathering by actinic radia-tion, moisture, and heat, without cycling movement, in alaboratory accelerat
38、ed weathering device according to PracticeC 1442. Additionally, environmental exposure at various loca-tions (for example Florida, Arizona, Texas, and certain sites innorthern latitudes) is also conducted. Correlation of artificialweathering to environmental exposure is important to assessthe releva
39、nce of laboratory test results to predicting sealantperformance during environmental use (1, 2). Laboratory teststo date indicate that at least several thousand hours of artificialweathering exposure is necessary to adequately predict aminimum level of environmental performance. For example, ifchang
40、es occur five times faster in a laboratory device thanunder environmental conditions (a typical average accelerationfactor for a number of materials), and the desired lifetime of amaterial is about five years, as much as one year of artificialweathering may be necessary to qualify a material for the
41、application. The latest ASTM weathering standards recom-mend as a minimum exposure time that necessary to produce asubstantial change in the property of interest for the least stablematerial being evaluated. However, this may not be longenough to qualify a material for the desired application.Enviro
42、nmental performance will vary with latitude. For ex-ample, a sealant used in Chicago will perform differently thanthe same sealant used in Florida for a similar application.Compass orientation also has an effect, with a northerlyexposure sealant tending to last longer than a southerly. Theincident s
43、olar radiation is a primary contributing factor, amongothers, to lessened durability. Other conditions being equal, thesealant in Chicago will in general perform for a longer timeperiod than the same sealant used in Florida.5.2.1.1 The latest durability testing programs indicate thatartificial weath
44、ering performed concurrently with movement ofa sealant joint sample seems to more realistically predictsealant and sealant joint environmental performance (3, 4, 5,6). Current ASTM laboratory test methods, that include adurability component, such as C 719, do not provide anadequate prediction of sea
45、lant long-term environmental perfor-mance and therefore potential sealant and joint durability.5.2.1.2 Test method C 719 evaluates the movement of a newsealant without the benefit of any aging or weathering andthereby provides data only for an unaged sealant.5.2.1.3 The user of a sealant should real
46、ize that mostmanufacturers data sheets report laboratory testing data con-ducted in an idealized, as-cured state and not in a weatheredcondition that represents how the sealant will actually appearand perform on a building. Additionally, the performance andother properties reported on many data shee
47、ts does not includemovement during the curing process.5.2.1.4 Almost all building sealant applications havemovement-during-cure. These natural movements during curealmost always decrease the performance capability of a sealant.Therefore, data sheet performance properties, if correct, gen-erally over
48、state the expected environmental and cyclic move-ment performance of a sealant. With this in mind, a sealantjoint design should always be performed with mitigatingdesign factors included in the design to account for movement-during-cure (See 12.5).5.3 AdhesionObtaining and then maintaining long-term
49、adhesion of a sealant is the primary variable in a successfulinstallation. A sealant manufacturer will determine what isnecessary to achieve adequate adhesion to a particular sub-strate, and if a primer or surface conditioner is necessary, byusing laboratory test methods. In some applications, glass,metal or other substrates may have coatings, surface treatmentsor difficult-to-remove contaminants requiring special cleaningtechniques or primers. Due to this surface variability, thesubstrates should be sampled and tested by the sealant manu-facturer from actual production runs of t
