ASTM C12-2016 Standard Practice for Installing Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines《陶化粘土管线安装的标准实施规程》.pdf
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1、Designation: C12 16Standard Practice forInstalling Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C12; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses
2、indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the proper methods of installingvitrified clay pipe
3、lines in order to fully utilize the structuralproperties of such pipe.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standa
4、rd does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 AST
5、M Standards:2C301 Test Methods for Vitrified Clay PipeC403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of ConcreteMixtures by Penetration ResistanceC425 Specification for Compression Joints for Vitrified ClayPipe and FittingsC700 Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe, Extra Strength,Standard Strength, and
6、 PerforatedC828 Test Method for Low-Pressure Air Test of VitrifiedClay Pipe LinesC896 Terminology Relating to Clay ProductsC1091 Test Method for Hydrostatic Infiltration Testing ofVitrified Clay Pipe LinesD2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for EngineeringPurposes (Unified Soil Classification
7、 System)D2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils(Visual-Manual Procedure)D4832 Test Method for Preparation and Testing of Con-trolled Low Strength Material (CLSM) Test CylindersD5821 Test Method for Determining the Percentage ofFractured Particles in Coarse AggregateD6103 Test Meth
8、od for Flow Consistency of ControlledLow Strength Material (CLSM) (Withdrawn 2013)33. Terminology3.1 GeneralTerminology C896 can be used for clarifica-tion of terminology in this specification.3.2 See Fig. 1.DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS4. Supporting Strength4.1 The field supporting strength of vitrified cl
9、ay pipe ismaterially affected by the methods of installation. The fieldsupporting strength of a pipe is defined as its capacity tosupport dead and live loads under actual field conditions. It isdependent upon two factors: (1) the inherent strength of thepipe and (2) the bedding of the pipe.4.2 The m
10、inimum bearing strength requirement in accor-dance with Specification C700, as determined by the 3-edge-bearing test of Test Methods C301, is a measure of the inherentstrength of the pipe.4.3 The tests used to measure bearing strength determinerelative pipe strengths but do not represent actual fiel
11、d condi-tions. Therefore, an adjustment called a load factor is intro-duced to convert minimum bearing strength to field supportingstrength. The magnitude of the load factor depends on how thepipe is bedded. The relationship is:Field supporting strength 5 minimum bearing strength 3load factor4.4 A f
12、actor of safety 1.0 and 1.5 shall be applied to thefield supporting strength to calculate a safe supporting strength.The relationship is:Safe supporting strength 5Field supporting strengthFactor of safety1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C04 on VitrifiedClay Pipe and is the
13、direct responsibility of Subcommittee C04.20 on Methods ofTest and Specifications.Current edition approved May 15, 2016. Published May 2016. Originallyapproved in 1915. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C12 14. DOI:10.1520/C0012-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.
14、astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Bar
15、r Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15. External Loads5.1 The external loads on installed vitrified clay pipe are oftwo general types: (1) dead loads and (2) live loads.5.2 For pipes installed in trenches at a given depth, the deadload increases as the trench
16、width, measured at the top of thepipe, increases. Pipe failure may result if the design trenchwidth is exceeded. If the trench width exceeds the designwidth, a higher class of bedding, stronger pipe, or both, must beinvestigated.5.3 Live loads that act at the ground surface are partiallytransmitted
17、to the pipe. Live loads may be produced by wheelloading, construction equipment or by compactive effort.Compaction of embedment and backfill materials, beside andabove the sewer pipe, produces a temporary live load on thepipe. The magnitude of the live load from compactive effortvaries with soil typ
18、e, degree of saturation, degree of compac-tion and depth of cover over the pipe. Care must be used inselection of compaction methods so that the combined deadload and live load does not exceed the field supporting strengthof the pipe, or cause a change in its line or grade.NOTE 1For generally accept
19、ed criteria and methods for determiningloads and supporting strengths, see Gravity Sanitary Sewer Design andConstruction, Water Pollution Control Federation Manual of Practice No.FD-5, American Society of Civil EngineersManuals and Report onEngineering PracticeNo. 60.46. Bedding and Encasement6.1 Cl
20、asses of bedding and encasements for pipe in trenchesare defined herein. The load factors indicated are for conver-sion of minimum bearing strength to field supporting strength.4Available from American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801 AlexanderBell Dr., Reston, VA 20191, http:/www.asce.org.FI
21、G. 1 TerminologyC121626.1.1 The soil groups used in each bedding class are definedin Table 1.6.1.2 The gradation for Class I and Class II soil for Class Cbedding (Fig. 3) shall have a maximum particle size of 1 in. (25mm).6.1.3 The gradation for Class I and Class II bedding materialfor Class B (Fig.
22、 4), Crushed Stone Encasement (Fig. 5), andCLSM installation (Fig. 6) shall be as follows:100 % passing a 1 in. (25 mm) sieve40-60 % passing a34 in. (19 mm) sieve0-25 % passing a38 in. (9.5 mm) sieve6.1.4 For Class I, all particle faces shall be fractured.6.1.5 Class II soils shall have a minimum of
23、 one fracturedface. For Class B (Fig. 4), Crushed Stone Encasement (Fig. 5),and CLSM installations (Fig. 6) where high, or changing watertables, or both, are present; Class II material shall have aminimum percentage by particle count of one fractured face-100 %, two fractured faces-85 %, and three f
24、ractured faces-65 % in accordance with Test Method D5821.6.1.6 Class I material is considered to be more stable andprovide better support than Class II material that have somerounded edges.6.1.7 All bedding material shall be shovel-sliced so thematerial fills and supports the haunch area and encases
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