1、Designation: C1208/C1208M 16aC1208/C1208M 18Standard Specification forVitrified Clay Pipe and Joints for Use in Microtunneling,Sliplining, Pipe Bursting, and Tunnels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1208/C1208M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear o
2、f original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification establishes the criteria for the manuf
3、acture, quality assurance testing, inspection, installation, fieldacceptance testing, and product marking of vitrified clay jacking pipe to be used in microtunneling, the pilot tube method,sliplining, pipe bursting, and in casings and tunnels for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, and stor
4、m water.1.1.1 Sections 3 through 7 and 9 of this specification contain manufacturing, quality assurance testing, inspection, and productmarking criteria which are applicable to vitrified clay pipe prior to installation.1.1.2 Section 8 of this specification contains criteria for the installation and
5、field acceptance testing of vitrified clay pipe.1.2 This specification also covers materials and test requirements for jointing of the pipe.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equival
6、ents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user o
7、f this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished
8、 in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C67C67/C67M Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structura
9、l Clay TileC301 Test Methods for Vitrified Clay PipeC828 Test Method for Low-Pressure Air Test of Vitrified Clay Pipe LinesC896 Terminology Relating to Clay ProductsC1091 Test Method for Hydrostatic Infiltration Testing of Vitrified Clay Pipe LinesD395 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyCompression Set
10、D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic ElastomersTensionD471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD518 Test Method for Rubber DeteriorationSurface Cracking (Withdrawn 2007)3D543 Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics to Chemical ReagentsD573 Test Method for
11、 RubberDeterioration in an Air OvenD1149 Test Methods for Rubber DeteriorationCracking in an Ozone Controlled EnvironmentD2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer Hardness3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerminology C896 can be used for clarification of terminology in this specification.1 This spec
12、ification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C04 on Vitrified Clay Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C04.20 on Methods of Testand Specifications.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2016Sept. 1, 2018. Published December 2016September 2018. Originally approved in 1991. Last p
13、revious edition approved in 2016 asC1208/C1208M - 16.C1208/C1208M - 16a. DOI: 10.1520/C1208_C1208M-16A.10.1520/C1208_C1208M-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information,
14、 refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to t
15、he previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright
16、ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1PIPE4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 Vitrified clay pipe shall be manufactured from fire clay, shale, surface clay, or a combination of these materials that, whenformed into pipe and fired to suita
17、ble temperatures, yields a product that conforms to this specification.4.2 Test Requirements for Pipe:4.2.1 Test Samples:4.2.1.1 When requested, test samples representative of the pipe to be used shall be selected by the purchaser or his representativefrom the suppliers stock.4.2.1.2 The number of s
18、amples to be tested shall not exceed 0.5 % of the number of pipe of each size furnished, except thatno less than three samples shall be tested.4.2.1.3 If any of the test samples fail to meet the requirements of 4.2.2 through 4.2.54.2.6, the manufacturer will be allowedto retest two additional sample
19、s representative of the original material for each one that failed. The pipe will be acceptable if allretest samples meet the test requirements. If any of the re-test pipe fail, the lot shall be rejected.4.2.1.4 If, subsequent to an initial test failure, the accuracy of the testing equipment is ques
20、tioned, at the request of themanufacturer, the equipment shall be recalibrated and a retest made or a retest made using other equipment of known accuracy.4.2.2 Bearing Strength:4.2.2.1 Pipe shall meet the bearing strength requirements of Table 1 or Table 2.4.2.2.2 The manufacturer may test and certi
21、fy pipe to higher bearing strengths than listed in Table 1 and Table 2.4.2.3 Compressive Strength Test:4.2.3.1 This test is used to determine the compressive strength of pipe material. This test shall be performed only whenspecified.4.2.3.2 Pipe material shall have a minimum compressive strength of
22、7000 psi 48 MPa.4.2.3.3 The testing machine shall be of a type having sufficient capacity and capable of providing the rates of loading prescribed.The bearing area from which the force will be applied shall be spherically seated.4.2.3.4 The specimen shall be a cylinder cut from the pipe so that the
23、length of the specimen is parallel with the longitudinalaxis of the pipe. The cylinder shall have a minimum diameter of 0.75 in. 19 mm for pipe wall thicknesses through 212 in. 64mm and 2 in. 51 mm for greater wall thicknesses and a diameter to length ratio of 1:1. The tolerance of the diameter and
24、lengthshall be +10 % 0 %. Measurements shall be made to the nearest 0.01 in. 0.25 mm.4.2.3.5 The test load on the specimen shall be centered axially on the ends of the cylinder.4.2.3.6 The bearing surfaces of the specimen shall be parallel planes and perpendicular to the vertical axis.4.2.3.7 The be
25、aring surface of the test samples shall be ground to planes, parallel within 0.002 in. 0.05 mm. To ensure auniform bearing of the sample, place between two plywood sheets. The plywood shall be three-ply, ranging from 0.19 in. 4 mmto 0.25 in. 6 mm thick, made of soft wood and free from knots. The ply
26、wood shall exceed the specimen diameter by 0.50 in.13 mm to 1.50 in. 38 mm. Use a fresh pair of plywood sheets for each test.4.2.3.8 Apply the load up to 3500 psi 24 MPa. The remaining required load is applied at the uniform rate in not less than 1min nor more than 2 min.4.2.3.9 Calculate and report
27、 the compressive strength as follows:Compressive Strength,C 5W/A (1)where:C = compressive strength of the specimen, psi kPa to the nearest 100 psi 690 kPa,W = recorded load, lbf kgf/mm2, indicated by the testing machine, andTABLE 1 Three Edge Bearing StrengthNominal Diameter, in. Bearing Strength, l
28、b/linear ft4 20006 20008 220010 240012 260015 290018 330021 385024 440027 470030 500036 600042 700048 8000C1208/C1208M 182A = average of the gross areas of the upper and lower bearing surfaces of the specimen, in.2 mm2 to the nearest 0.04 in.2 26mm2.4.2.4 Jacking Load:4.2.4.1 The pipes jacking stren
29、gth is calculated from the minimum cross sectional area multiplied by the compressive strengthrequirement of 4.2.3.2. The maximum allowable jacking load shall be calculated by dividing the pipes jacking strength by thespecified factor of safety as determined by the engineer.4.2.5 Hydrostatic Pressur
30、e Test or Absorption Test:4.2.5.1 The manufacturer shall, at his option, apply either a hydrostatic pressure test or an absorption test to all of the testspecimens.4.2.5.2 Hydrostatic Pressure TestWhen the pipe is subjected to an internal hydrostatic pressure of 10 psi 69 kPa for theelapsed time ind
31、icated in Tables 3 and 4, there shall be no leakage. Moisture appearing on the surface shall not be consideredleakage. However, moisture which starts to run on the pipe shall be construed as leakage, regardless of quantity. At the option ofthe manufacturer, water within approximately 5F 3C of the am
32、bient air temperature may be introduced into the pipe for controlof condensation.4.2.5.3 Absorption TestThe absorption of vitrified clay pipe shall not exceed 8 % when tested in accordance with TestMethods C301.4.2.6 Acid Resistance:4.2.6.1 This test is used to determine the resistance of pipe to th
33、e action of acids specifiedencountered in sanitary sewers. TestMethodsresults C301. The test shall be performed only provided when specified.requested.4.2.6.2 Test specimens shall be representative of the material of the pipe supplied.4.2.6.3 The loss of material from the test specimen shall not exc
34、eed 0.25 %.4.2.6.4 The test shall be in accordance with Test Methods C301.4.2.6.5 The pipe of each size and shipment shall If any of the test specimens fail to meet the acid resistance requirements, themanufacturer will be allowed to retest two additional specimens. The pipe will be acceptable if th
35、e acid-soluble matter, fromspecimens representing such pipe, does not exceed 0.25 %.all retest specimens meet the test requirements.4.3 Sizes and Dimensions:TABLE 2 Three Edge Bearing Strength SINominal Diameter, mm Bearing Strength, kN/m100 29150 29200 32250 35300 38400 42500 52600 64700 69800 7790
36、0 881000 961100 1051200 120TABLE 3 Hydrostatic Pressure Test TimeBarrel Thickness, in. Test Time, minUp to and including 1 7Over 1 including 1.5 9Over 1.5 including 2 12Over 2 including 2.5 15Over 2.5 including 3 18Over 3 21TABLE 4 Hydrostatic Pressure Test Time SIBarrel Thickness, mm Test Time, min
37、Up to and including 25 7Over 25 including 38 9Over 38 including 50 12Over 50 including 64 15Over 64 including 76 18Over 76 21C1208/C1208M 1834.3.1 Sizes and dimensions of pipe shall conform to the requirements of Table 5 or Table 6.4.3.2 The average inside diameter shall be determined by taking any
38、two 90 (1.6-rad) opposing measurements and averagingthe readings.4.3.3 The outside diameter shall not vary from a true circle by more than 2 % of its nominal diameter.4.3.3.1 The out-of-round dimension is the difference between the maximum and minimum diameters measured at any onelocation along the
39、pipe barrel.4.3.4 Pipe shall not deviate from straight by more than 0.05 in./linear ft 4 mm/m when the maximum offset is measured fromthe concave side of the pipe. See Fig. 1.4.3.4.1 Measurements shall be taken by placing a straightedge on the concave side of the full length of the pipe barrel exclu
40、dingthe joint and measuring the maximum distance between the straightedge and concave side of the pipe.4.3.5 The end squareness measured at the pipe ends shall not deviate by more than 0.005 in./in. 0.005 mm/mm of outsidediameter to a maximum of 0.10 in. 2.5 mm when measured in accordance with Fig.
41、1.4.3.6 The pipe wall thickness shall be a suitable dimension to adequately distribute the field jacking forces and shall beprescribed by the manufacturer.4.4 Fractures, Cracks, and Blisters:4.4.1 There shall be no fractures or cracks passing through the barrel, visible to the unaided eye.4.4.2 Chip
42、s, fractures, or blisters on the pipe shall not exceed 2 in. 51 mm in any surface dimension and shall not exceed adepth of one eighth of the minimum thickness of the barrel.TABLE 5 Dimensions and VariationsNominal Diameter, in. Out-of-StraightA ,in./linear ft, max Out-of-Round,in., max Out-of-Square
43、A ,in., maxB Laying Length MinusTolerance, in./linear ft Nominal Inside Diameter MinusToleranceC , in.4 0.05 0.08 0.03 0.25 0.196 0.05 0.12 0.04 0.25 0.258 0.05 0.16 0.05 0.25 0.3110 0.05 0.20 0.06 0.25 0.3812 0.05 0.24 0.08 0.25 0.4415 0.05 0.30 0.09 0.25 0.5618 0.05 0.36 0.10 0.25 0.6921 0.05 0.42
44、 0.10 0.25 0.8124 0.05 0.48 0.10 0.38 0.9427 0.05 0.54 0.10 0.38 1.0630 0.05 0.60 0.10 0.38 1.1936 0.05 0.72 0.10 0.38 1.4442 0.05 0.84 0.10 0.38 1.4448 0.05 0.96 0.10 0.38 1.44A SeeSee Fig. 1.B TheseThese numbers are approximate since they are computed using outside diameter. Consult the pipe manuf
45、acturer for specific dimensions.C ThereThere is no fixed + tolerance limit.TABLE 6 Dimensions and Variations SINominalDiameter,mmOut-of-StraightA ,mm/M, maxOut-of-Round,mm, maxOut-of-SquareA ,mm, maxBLaying Length MinusTolerance,mm/MNominal InsideDiameter MinusToleranceC , mm100 4 2 0.5 20 5150 4 3
46、0.75 20 6200 4 4 1.0 20 8250 4 5 1.25 20 10300 4 6 1.5 20 12400 4 8 2.0 20 16500 4 10 2.5 20 20600 4 12 2.5 30 24700 4 14 2.5 30 28800 4 16 2.5 30 32900 4 18 2.5 30 361000 4 20 2.5 30 361100 4 22 2.5 30 361200 4 24 2.5 30 36A SeeSee Fig. 1.B These These numbers are approximate since they are compute
47、d using outside diameter. Consult the pipe manufacturer for specific dimensions.C ThereThere is no fixed + tolerance limit.C1208/C1208M 184JOINTS5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Principles of Joint Design:5.1.1 A typical joint design is indicated in Fig. 2.5.1.2 Sealing elements shall be compressed b
48、etween bearing surfaces to ensure watertight integrity as required in 5.3.5.1.3 Sealing elements may be independent or bonded to a bearing surface.5.1.4 The ends of the pipe shall incorporate a compression ring to distribute the jacking forces which develop during installation.5.1.5 The outside diam
49、eter of the sleeve shall not vary from the outside diameter of the pipe barrel to the extent that it wouldrestrict the installation during jacking.5.2 Requirements:5.2.1 Sealing components shall meet the requirements of Table 7.5.2.2 Sleeves shall be made of a material which in conjunction with the sealing elements, forms a joint which meets the testrequirements of 5.3.5.3 Test Requirements for Assembled Joints:5.3.1 The number of specimens to be tested shall not exceed 0.25 % of the number of pipe of each size fu
