1、Designation: C1222 131Standard Practice forEvaluation of Laboratories Testing Hydraulic Cement1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1222; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEditorially revised Footnotes 4 and 6 in April 2015.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers the technical training and experi-ence of laboratory tes
3、ting personnel and identifies the mini-mum technical requirements for laboratory equipment used intesting of hydraulic cement as prescribed by ASTM.1.2 This practice provides minimum criteria for evaluatingthe capability of a laboratory to perform chemical or physicaltests listed in the various spec
4、ifications on hydraulic cement(see Note 1).NOTE 1Relevant hydraulic cement specifications are SpecificationsC91, C150, C595, C845, and Performance Specification C1157.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This
5、standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2
6、.1 ASTM Standards:2C91 Specification for Masonry CementC109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength ofHydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm CubeSpecimens)C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of HydraulicCementC115 Test Method for Fineness of Portland Cement by theTurbidimeterC125 Term
7、inology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-gregatesC150 Specification for Portland CementC185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic CementMortarC187 Test Method for Amount of Water Required for Nor-mal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement PasteC191 Test Methods for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cemen
8、tby Vicat NeedleC204 Test Methods for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement byAir-Permeability ApparatusC219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic CementC230/C230M Specification for Flow Table for Use in Testsof Hydraulic CementC266 Test Method for Time of Setting of Hydraulic-CementPaste by Gillmore NeedlesC305
9、 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic CementPastes and Mortars of Plastic ConsistencyC451 Test Method for Early Stiffening of Hydraulic Cement(Paste Method)C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC845 Specification for Expansive Hydraulic CementC1157 Performance Specification for Hydr
10、aulic CementC1506 Test Method for Water Retention of HydraulicCement-Based Mortars and PlastersE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines2.2 Other Documents:ACI 116R Cement and Concrete Terminology33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 inspection, na process of measuring, examining,testin
11、g, gaging, or using other procedures to ascertain thequality or state, detect errors or defects, or otherwise appraisematerials, products, services, systems, or environments whencompared to preestablished criteria.3.1.2 Additional definitions may be found in TerminologiesC125 and C219, Practices E4,
12、 and ACI 116R.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 evaluation authority, nan independent entity, apartfrom the organization being evaluated, that can provide an1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C01 on Cement andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
13、C01.95 on Coordination of Standards.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2013. Published September 2013. Originallyapproved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C1222 09. DOI:10.1520/C1222-13E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer S
14、ervice at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.aci-int.org.*A Summary of Changes section appear
15、s at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1unbiased evaluation of the organization and shall have thecapability to assess the technical activities of testing laborato-ries (see Discussion).3.2.1.1 Dis
16、cussionOne such evaluation authority is theCement and Concrete Reference Laboratory (CCRL).4Labo-ratory inspection is broadened into accreditation programs bysuch independent authorities as the National Voluntary Labo-ratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP),5American Associa-tion for Laboratory Accredi
17、tation (A2LA)6AASHTO Accredi-tation Program (AAP),7and others established.3.2.2 laboratory technician, nan employee of the labora-tory who is assigned to perform the actual testing operationsprimarily conducted in the laboratory.3.2.3 quality systems, nthose internal procedures andpractices that a l
18、aboratory utilizes to ensure continued compli-ance with applicable testing standards.3.2.4 subcontracting, nemploying another organization toprovide testing services that the laboratory contracted toprovide.3.2.5 testing laboratory, nan organization that measures,examines, performs tests, or otherwi
19、se determines the charac-teristics or performance of materials or products. This mayinclude organizations that offer commercial testing services, anin-house quality control function, an academic institution, orany other organization providing the specified testing services.4. Significance and Use4.1
20、 The testing of hydraulic cement is an important elementin obtaining quality construction. A testing laboratory must beselected with care.4.2 A testing laboratory shall be deemed qualified to per-form and report the results of its tests if the laboratory meetsthe requirements of this practice.4.3 Th
21、is practice provides guidance for evaluating theorganization, personnel, facilities, and quality systems of thelaboratory. This practice may be supplemented by criteria andrequirements for particular projects.5. Documentation of Organization5.1 The following information shall be readily available fo
22、rreview:5.1.1 A description of the organization, including the com-plete legal name and address of the main office and eachlaboratory location, names and positions of the principalofficers and the individual in charge of the laboratory,5.1.2 A description of the organization managementstructure, and
23、5.1.3 A listing of the range of services offered.6. Human Resources6.1 The manager of the laboratory shall be a chemist,materials analyst, or an engineer and a full-time employee ofthe organization having at least three years supervisory expe-rience in the testing of hydraulic cement; however, a per
24、sonwith equivalent science-oriented education or experience hav-ing satisfactorily directed testing of hydraulic cement is ac-ceptable.7. Testing and Additional Requirements7.1 Testing RequirementsThe organization shall have thecapability of performing tests associated with its range ofservices (see
25、 Note 2). The laboratory shall have the facilitiesand equipment required for preparing, storing, conditioning,and testing specimens.NOTE 2The range of services of a testing laboratory may involveeither chemical testing or physical testing, or both. The laboratory neednot perform all tests listed in
26、the applicableASTM specification, but ratherhave the required equipment and demonstrate the ability to perform theprocedures within its reported range of services.7.1.1 The laboratory shall use the latest version of eachreferencedASTM standard within one year of its publication inthe Annual Book of
27、ASTM Standards except where an earlierversion is specifically required.7.1.2 Laboratory personnel shall have convenient access toapplicable standards.7.2 Additional RequirementsThe following requirementsapply to only those tests performed by the laboratory. They areintended to supplement certain pro
28、visions of the standard testmethods.7.2.1 Analytical balances and reference masses shall bechecked at least annually and shall conform to the requirementsof Test Methods C114.7.2.2 Flow tables shall be checked at least every 212 yearsusing the calibration material described in Specification C230/C23
29、0M.7.2.3 Air content measures (400 mL) shall be calibrated atleast every 212 years following the procedures described inTest Method C185.7.2.4 Wagner turbidimeter apparatus shall be calibrated atleast every six months using the procedures described in TestMethod C115.7.2.5 Vicat apparatus and vicat
30、ring shall be inspected andchecked for conformance to Test Methods C187, C191, andC451 at least every 212 years.7.2.6 Mechanical mixing apparatus shall be inspected andchecked for conformance to the requirements of Practice C305at least every 212 years.7.2.7 Air-permeability apparatus and related ac
31、cessoryequipment shall be calibrated and checked for conformance toTest Method C204 at least every 212 years.7.2.7.1 Check determinations shall be made against stan-dard or secondary standard reference samples every sixmonths. If the results exceed the precision of the test method,the apparatus shal
32、l be recalibrated.7.2.8 Water-retention apparatus and related equipment shallbe checked for conformance to Test Method C1506 at leastevery 212 years.4CCRL, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 4441 Buckey-stown Pike, Suite C Frederick, MD 21704; www.ccrl.us.5NVLAP, Standards Servic
33、es Division, National Institute of Standards andTechnology (NIST), 100 Bureau Dr., Stop 2140, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-2140.6American Association for Laboratory Accreditation (A2LA), 5202 PresidentsCt Suite 220, Frederick, MD 21703; www.a2la.org.7Available from American Association of State Highway an
34、d TransportationOfficials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001;www.transportation.org.C1222 13128. Subcontracting8.1 Subcontracting for the performance of part or all of atest method is permitted. When subcontracting is used thequality of the work provided must be ensure
35、d. The require-ments for evaluation differ depending on the permanence of thesubcontracting.8.2 Permanent SubcontractingWhen all or a portion of atest method is subcontracted on a permanent basis then thesubcontracted organization must be subjected to separateevaluation according to this practice fo
36、r the methods subcon-tracted. The laboratory shall retain a copy of this evaluation forreview by the evaluation authority.8.3 Temporary SubcontractingWhen all or a portion of atest method is subcontracted on a temporary basis then thelaboratory shall ensure the quality of the subcontracted work.The
37、level and type of assurance will depend on the extent of thesubcontracting (see Note 3). The laboratory shall retain recordsof this assurance for review by the evaluation authority.NOTE 3Some examples of assurance for different levels of temporarysubcontracting are: (1) a review of calibrations reco
38、rds when the use of apiece of equipment is subcontracted; and (2) a satisfactory rating on aproficiency sample when a method is subcontracted. Other means ofassurance are test results from a standard reference material or, in the caseof chemical testing records of qualification testing.9. Quality Sy
39、stem9.1 Quality System RequirementsThe laboratory shall es-tablish a quality system for ensuring the quality of servicesoffered.9.1.1 The laboratory shall maintain written documentationfor the following:9.1.1.1 Procedures for sampling, handling, and testing thehydraulic cement,9.1.1.2 Procedures for
40、 training and evaluating laboratorypersonnel,9.1.1.3 Procedures for calibrating and maintaining testequipment, and9.1.1.4 Procedures for handling technical complaints fromclients about results, procedures, or methods used.9.1.2 The laboratory shall maintain current standard testmethods and other per
41、tinent reference material.9.1.3 The laboratory shall participate in the appropriateCCRL Cement Proficiency Sample Program (see Note 4).NOTE 4The CCRL offers proficiency sample programs for physicaland chemical testing of portland and blended cements and physical testingof masonry cement. The laborat
42、ory should participate in the programcompatible with its scope.9.1.4 Internal Quality System ReviewThe quality systemshall contain a document describing the scope of internalquality system reviews, establishing the frequency of thesereviews, identifying individuals responsible for the review,describ
43、ing the distribution of reports to managements, proce-dures for handling deficiencies, and identifying the location ofresulting records.10. Laboratory Records and Reports10.1 Quality System RecordsThe laboratory shall main-tain records indicating compliance with the procedures de-scribed in their qu
44、ality system documentation. Records shall bemaintained for at least five years. The records shall include atleast the following:10.1.1 Results of all calibrations and verifications per-formed in the laboratory,10.1.2 Traceability or accuracy of any in-house calibrationor verification equipment used,
45、10.1.3 An inventory and description of all required testequipment,10.1.4 Records on laboratory personnel that document workexperience, education, on-the-job training, and action taken toensure continued competence in performing the required testmethods,10.1.5 Records of audits and inspections by out
46、side agen-cies and all reports or certifications, with applicable dates, ofany evaluations or accreditations issued by an evaluatingauthority, and10.1.6 Records of participation in the appropriate CCRLCement Proficiency Sample Program.10.2 Test Report RecordsThe laboratory shall maintain asystem of
47、documentation that permits verification of any testreport issued. Each test report and supporting documentationshall be retained for at least three years. Corrections oradditions to reports shall clearly reference the report beingamended. Include in the test report or the supporting documen-tation t
48、he following information:10.2.1 Name and address of the laboratory,10.2.2 Identification of the report and the date issued,10.2.3 Name of the client, if applicable,10.2.4 Project identification, if applicable,10.2.5 Sample identification,10.2.6 Date of receipt of test samples,10.2.7 Date(s) of test
49、performance,10.2.8 Identification of the standard test method used, and anotation of all known deviations from the test method observedduring the testing of the sample being reported (see Note 5).NOTE 5Deviation from standard test methods may adversely affectresults.10.2.9 Identification of any standard test methods subcon-tracted and name of the organization that provided suchservices,10.2.10 Test results and other pertinent data required by thispractice,10.2.11 Identification of the person performing the tests, and10.2.12 Name of the person in char
