1、Designation: C1227 12C1227 13Standard Specification forPrecast Concrete Septic Tanks1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1227; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in
2、parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers design requirements, manufacturing practices, and performance requirements for monolithic orsectional precast concrete
3、septic tanks.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concer
4、ns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A82/A82M Specification for Steel Wire, Plain
5、, for Concrete Reinforcement (Withdrawn 2013)3A185/A185M Specification for Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain, for Concrete (Withdrawn 2013)3A496/A496M Specification for Steel Wire, Deformed, for Concrete Reinforcement (Withdrawn 2013)3A497/A497M Specification for Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement
6、, Deformed, for Concrete (Withdrawn 2013)3A615/A615M Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA706/A706M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Deformed and Plain Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA996/A996M Specification for Rail-Steel and Axle-Steel Deformed Bars fo
7、r Concrete ReinforcementC33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete SpecimensC94/C94M Specification for Ready-Mixed ConcreteC125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete AggregatesC150 Specification for Portland CementC231 Test
8、Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure MethodC260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for ConcreteC330 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Structural ConcreteC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for ConcreteC595 Specification for Blended Hydraul
9、ic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC685/C685M Specification for Concrete Made by Volumetric Batching and Continuous MixingC890 Practice for Minimum Structural Design Loading for Monolithic or Sectional Precast Concrete Water and Wast
10、ewaterStructuresC990 Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe, Manholes, and Precast Box Sections Using Preformed Flexible Joint SealantsC1116/C1116M Specification for Fiber-Reinforced ConcreteC1644 Specification for Resilient Connectors Between Reinforced Concrete On-Site Wastewater Tanks and Pip
11、es2.2 ACI Standard:4ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C27 on Precast Concrete Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C27.30 on Waterand Wastewater Containers.Current edition approved June 1, 2
12、012Dec. 15, 2013. Published July 2012January 2014. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 20102012 asC1227 10a.C1227 12. DOI: 10.1520/C1227-12.10.1520/C1227-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.
13、org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.4 Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington Hills, MI 483
14、33-9094, http:/www.aci-int.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommen
15、ds that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.3 NSF/ANSI Stan
16、dard:5NSF/ANSI 462005 Evaluation of Components and Devices used in Wastewater Treatment Systems3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms relating to concrete, see Terminology C125.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 access opening, nhole in the top slab used to gain access to t
17、he inside of the tank for the purpose of cleaning andremoving sludge without a person actually having to enter the tank.3.2.2 air scum volume, nnumber of cubic inches (centimetres) in the space between the liquid surface and the underside ofthe top slab.3.2.3 baffle, ndevice placed in a tank to diss
18、ipate energy, direct flow, retain solids, and/or draw liquid off at a specific depth.3.2.4 baffle, inlet, ntee or wall segment at or near the inlet pipe of a tank designed to direct flow below the liquid surface.3.2.5 baffle, outlet, ntee or wall segment at or near the outlet pipe of a tank designed
19、 to collect flow from the liquid effluentlayer.3.2.6 cement, npowdered substance of lime and clay mixed with water to make concrete.3.2.7 connector, ndevice that provides a flexible seal between a pipe and the precast concrete tank.3.2.8 corrosion-resistant, adjmaterials that are resistant to deteri
20、oration when in contact with the corrosive materials foundin a septic tank.3.2.9 dead load, nmass of a structure and all permanent loads imposed on the structure (that is, soil).3.2.10 detention time, naverage length of time a unit volume of liquid or a suspended particle remains in a tank;mathemati
21、cally, it is the volume of liquid in the tank divided by the flow rate through the tank.3.2.11 effective volume, nmaximum amount of liquid and solids that can be contained in a tank under normal operatingconditions.3.2.12 effluent filter device, ndevice, made from corrosion-resistant materials, that
22、 separates solid material from tank liquidbefore the liquid exits the tank.3.2.13 grinder, ndevice for grinding and flushing cooking wastes; also known as a garbage disposal.3.2.14 inspection opening, nhole in the top slab used for the purpose of observing conditions inside the tank.3.2.15 joint, np
23、hysical separation where two pieces of precast concrete are in contact.3.2.16 liquid effluent layer, narea in a tank made up of liquids and semibuoyant waste particles after the sludge and scum wastehave separated and settled.3.2.17 live load, nloads exerted on or above a structure when the source o
24、f the load is dynamic and transient.3.2.18 non-sealed joint, njoint in which sealant is not used but in which a machined fit will minimize the movement of liquidfrom one side of a precast concrete wall to the opposite side.3.2.19 owner, nis by definition, end user, customer, or purchaser.3.2.20 rate
25、d volume, ndepth from the bottom of a septic tank to the invert of the outlet pipe.3.2.21 scum layer, nbuoyant waste floating near the surface of liquid, consisting of lighter-than-water materials, such asgreases and soaps.3.2.22 sealed joint, njoint that is sealed to prevent liquid passing from one
26、 side of a precast concrete wall to the opposite side.3.2.23 septic tank system, nanaerobic digestion chamber in which domestic sewage is received and retained, and from whichthe liquid effluent, which is comparatively free from settleable and floating solids, is then discharged.3.2.24 sludge layer,
27、 nheavier waste solids that separate and settle at the bottom of a tank.3.2.25 tee, n“T”-shaped pipe fitting made of corrosion-resistant materials used to connect horizontal piping with verticalpiping and used to provide access for cleaning piping.4. Ordering Information4.1 The purchaser shall inclu
28、de the following information in bidding documents and on the purchase order, as applicable to theunits being ordered:4.1.1 Reference to this specification and date of issue.4.1.2 Quantity, that is, number of units ordered.5 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
29、 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.C1227 1324.1.3 Capacity of tank in gallons or litres.4.1.4 Special cement requirements including moderate sulfate-resisting cement, Specification C150 Type II, or highlysulfate-resisting cement, Specification C150, Type V. If the purchaser does not
30、stipulate, the manufacturer shall use any cementmeeting the requirements of Specification C150 or C595.4.1.5 Acceptance will be based on a review of the calculations or on proof tests.4.1.6 Design requirements such as depth of earth cover, live load applied at the surface, and ground water level.4.1
31、.7 Testing for water leakage shall not be required at the job site unless specifically required by the purchaser.4.1.8 Manufacturer is permitted to require testing on site prior to backfill.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 CementPortland cement shall conform to the requirements of Specification C150
32、or shall be portland blast-furnace slagcement or portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements of Specification C595.5.2 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to Specification C33 and lightweight aggregates shall conform to SpecificationC330, except that the requirements for grading shall not
33、 apply.5.3 WaterWater used in mixing concrete shall be clean and free of injurious amounts of oils, acids, alkalies, salts, organicmaterials, or other substances that will be incompatible with concrete or steel.5.4 AdmixturesAdmixtures, when used, shall conform to Specification C494/C494M or Specifi
34、cation C618 and shall not beinjurious to other products used in the concrete.5.4.1 Air-Entraining AdmixturesAir-entraining admixtures conforming to Specification C260 shall be used when there is arisk that the concrete will be exposed to freezing and thawing. Then the concrete mixture shall contain
35、5.5 6 1.5 % air by volumeas determined by Test Method C231.5.5 Steel ReinforcementSteel reinforcement shall conform to Specification A82/A82M or A496/A496M for wire, Specifica-tion A185/A185M or A497/A497M for wire fabric, or Specifications A615/A615M, A706/A706M, or A996/A996M for steelreinforcemen
36、t bars.5.5.1 Locating ReinforcementReinforcement shall be placed in the forms as required by the design.5.5.2 Holding Reinforcement in Position During Pouring PlacementReinforcement shall be securely held in place by tying,clipping, or welding to maintain position during concrete placing operations.
37、 Welding procedures shall conform to the appropriatematerial specification. Chairs, bolsters, braces, and spacers in contact with forms shall have a corrosion-resistant surface.5.6 Concrete MixturesThe aggregates, cement, and water shall be proportioned and mixed to produce a homogeneousconcrete mee
38、ting the requirements of this specification, and in accordance with Specification C94/C94M or SpecificationC685/C685M. The concrete shall have a maximum water cementitious materials ratio of 0.45.5.7 FormsThe forms used in manufacture shall be sufficiently rigid and accurate to maintain the dimensio
39、ns of the structurewithin the stated tolerances. All casting surfaces shall be of smooth nonporous material. Form releasing agents used shall not beinjurious to the concrete.5.8 Concrete PlacementConcrete shall be placed in the forms at a rate to allow the concrete to consolidate in all parts of the
40、form, and around all reinforcement steel and embedded fixtures without segregation of materials.5.9 CuringThe precast concrete sections shall be cured by any method or combination of methods that will develop thespecified compressive strength at 28 days or less.5.10 Concrete QualityThe quality of th
41、e concrete shall be in accordance with the chapter on concrete quality in ACI 318,except for frequency of tests, which shall be specified by the purchaser. Concrete compressive strength tests shall be conductedin accordance with Test Method C39/C39M.5.11 FibersPolypropylene or polyolefin fibers are
42、only permitted as a secondary reinforcing material, at the manufacturersoption, in precast concrete septic tanks. For the purposes of this specification, secondary reinforcing material is only used to resisttemperature and shrinkage effects. Only Type III conforming to the requirements of Specificat
43、ion C1116/C1116M shall beaccepted.5.12 SealantsFlexible sealants used in the manufacture and installation of tanks shall conform to Specification C990. Rigid(mortar) sealing of tank sections is not permitted.5.13 Pipe ConnectionsPipe-to-tank connections shall use flexible connectors conforming to th
44、e requirements of SpecificationC1644.6. Structural Design Requirements6.1 Structural design of septic tanks shall be by calculation or by performance.C1227 1336.1.1 Design by calculation shall be completed using the Strength Design Method (ultimate strength theory) or the AlternateDesign Method (wor
45、king stress theory) outlined inACI 318.The Strength Design Method is outlined in Chapter 9 and theAlternateDesign Method is in Appendix A.6.1.2 Design by performance requires the manufacturer to demonstrate that failure will not occur by physically applying loadsto the product. The load applied shal
46、l be 1.5 times the anticipated actual loads.6.1.3 Tanks shall be designed so that they will not collapse or rupture when subjected to anticipated earth and hydrostaticpressures when the tanks are either full or empty.6.1.4 The structural design of tanks will consider buoyancy effects, if applicable,
47、 and proportion the structure to ensure anadequate flotation safety factor.6.1.5 All dead and live loads shall be considered in the design. For tanks located in residential lawn areas and not subject toloads greater than the minimum stated herein, the minimum live load shall be 100 lbf/ft2 (5 kPa) o
48、r a concentrated load of 2250lbs (10 kN) applied to a 10 by 10 in. (250 by 250 mm) area, which ever produces the greatest stress on the structure. Concentratedloads shall be distributed in accordance with provisions of Practice C890. Loading conditions other than described herein shallconform with p
49、rovision of Practice C890.6.1.6 After conditions are established, loads from Practice C890 shall be used for design. Unless heavier live loads are expected,the minimum live load at the surface for design shall be 300 lbf/ft2 (14 kPa).6.1.7 The live loads imposed at lifting points shall be considered in the design of the structure.6.1.8 Inserts embedded in the concrete shall be designed for an ultimate load that is four times the working load (Factor ofSafety = 4).6.2 Concrete StrengthThe minimum compressive strength (fc) for desig
