1、Designation: C1272 15C1272 16Standard Specification forHeavy Vehicular Paving Brick1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1272; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in p
2、arentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers brick intended for use as a paving material in areas with a high volume of heavy vehicular traffic.The units are design
3、ed for use in such places as streets, commercial driveways, and aircraft taxiways. These units are not intendedfor applications covered by Specifications C410 or C902.1.2 Units are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring earthy substances and subjected to a heat treatmentat ele
4、vated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond between the particulate constituents toprovide the strength and durability requirements of this specification (see Terminology C1232).1.3 Brick may be shaped during manufacture by extruding, molding, or pressing. Bric
5、k may have spacing lugs, chamferededges, or both.1.4 Use of this standard and the requirements herein to evaluate and corroborate the performance of a paving unit made fromother materials, or made with other forming methods, or other means of binding the materials is not covered by the scope of this
6、standard.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C67 Test Methods for Sampling a
7、nd Testing Brick and Structural Clay TileC88 Test Method for Soundness of Aggregates by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium SulfateC410 Specification for Industrial Floor BrickC418 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Concrete by SandblastingC902 Specification for Pedestrian and Light Traffic Pavin
8、g BrickC1232 Terminology of MasonryE303 Test Method for Measuring Surface Frictional Properties Using the British Pendulum Tester3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerms used in this specification are defined in Terminology C1232.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 heavy vehicular tra
9、ffchigh volume of heavy vehicles representing trucks or combination vehicles having 3 or moreloaded axles.3.2.1.1 DiscussionHigh volume traffic is considered to exceed 251 daily Equivalent SingleAxle Loads (ESAL). Defined by theAmericanAssociationof State Highway Transportation Officials (AASHTO), a
10、n ESAL converts a mix of axle loads on a pavement to an equivalentnumber of 18,000 lb (80 kN) single axle loads.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.02 on Brickand Structural Clay Tile.
11、Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2015Jan. 15, 2016. Published January 2016. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20142015 asC1272 14b.C1272 15. DOI: 10.1520/C1272-15.10.1520/C1272-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Custome
12、r Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the p
13、revious version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of
14、Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Classification4.1 TypesHeavy vehicular paving brick are classified by type according to their intended installation:4.1.1 Type RBric
15、k intended to be set in a mortar setting bed supported by an adequate concrete base; or an bituminous settingbed supported by an adequate asphalt or concrete base.4.1.2 Type FBrick intended to be set in a sand setting bed, with sand joints, and supported by an adequate base.4.2 ApplicationsHeavy veh
16、icular paving brick are classified by application according to their dimensional tolerances,warpage, and extent of chips.4.2.1 Application PSPavers intended for general use.4.2.2 Application PXPavers intended for use where a higher degree of precision and a lower permissible variation indimensional
17、tolerances and warpage are required than for Application PS.4.2.3 Application PAPavers intended to produce characteristic architectural effects resulting from nonuniformity in size, color,and texture.5. Physical Properties5.1 Freeze Thaw ResistanceUse one of the following methods:5.1.1 Physical Prop
18、erty RequirementsThe brick shall conform to the physical requirements for the type specified as prescribedin Table 1.5.1.2 Freezing and Thawing AlternativeThe 24-h cold water absorption requirements specified in 5.1.1 shall not be requiredprovided a sample of five brick, meeting all other requiremen
19、ts, passes the 50 cycle freezing-and-thawing test in Test Methods C67with not greater than 0.5 % loss in dry weight of any individual unit.NOTE 1The provisions of 5.1.2 are specified only as an alternative when the sample does not conform to the requirements 24-h for cold waterabsorption prescribed
20、in Table 1.5.1.2.1 Sulfate Soundness Test AlternativeThe 24-h cold water absorption requirements specified in 5.1.1 shall not be requiredif a representative sample of five brick survives 15 cycles of the sulfate soundness test in accordance with Sections 4, 5, and 8 ofTest Method C88 with no visible
21、 damage.NOTE 2The sulfate soundness test is an optional substitute test for the freezing-and-thawing test (5.1.2).5.1.3 Performance AlternativeIf information on the performance over time of similar units in a similar application withsimilar exposure and traffic is furnished by the manufacturer or th
22、e manufacturers agent and is found acceptable to the specifierof the pavement material or the specifiers agent, the physical requirements in 5.1.1 or the size requirements in 7.2 shall not berequired.5.2 Abrasion ResistanceEach individual brick tested shall meet the requirements of either the Abrasi
23、on Index column or theVolume Abrasion Loss column of Table 2.5.2.1 Abrasion IndexThe abrasion index is calculated from the 24-h cold water absorption in percent and the compressivestrength in pounds per square inch as follows:abrasion index5 1003absorptioncompressive strength (1)5.2.1.1 The compress
24、ive strength shall be determined on half-brick, which are the full height (no less than 214 in. (57 mm) andwidth of the unit, and with a length equal to one half the full length of the unit (614 in. (66 mm) for each dimension). For abrasionindex testing purposes, the brick shall be without core hole
25、s, frogs or other perforations. Other shaped specimens may be usedprovided that a correlation is established with the results of the specified shape and the results are converted to be equivalent tothose that would be obtained with the specified shape.5.2.1.2 In those cases where the height requirem
26、ents for determining compressive strength cannot be met, the abrasionresistance should be determined according to the volume abrasion loss method.5.2.2 Volume Abrasion LossThe volume abrasion loss should be determined in accordance with Test Method C418, with thefollowing changes in procedure:5.2.2.
27、1 The sand shall be a natural silica sand from Ottawa, IL, graded to pass a No. 50 (300-m) sieve and retained on a No.100 (150-m) sieve.5.2.2.2 The test shall be run on dry brick.TABLE 1 Physical RequirementsType Minimum Compressive Strength, GrossArea, psi (MPa) Minimum Breaking Load,lb/in. (kN/mm)
28、 Maximum 24-h Cold WaterWater Absorption, %Avg. of 5 Brick Individual Avg. of 5 Brick Individual Avg. of 5 Brick IndividualR 8000 (55.2) 7000 (48.3) . . . . . . 6.0 7.0F 10 000 (69.0) 8800 (60.7) 475 (83) 333 (58) 6.0 7.0C1272 1625.2.2.3 The duration of the test shall be 2 min.5.2.2.4 The rate of sa
29、nd flow shall be 400 g/min.5.2.2.5 The volume loss shall be determined by filling the abraded depression with modeling clay, striking off level with theoriginal surface of the brick, and removing and weighing the modeling clay. The volume loss shall be calculated from the bulkdensity of the modeling
30、 clay. The bulk density should be determined on each lot of modeling clay. An alternative method ofdetermining the weight of clay used in filling the sandblast cavity is to determine the weight of the modeling clay sample beforeand after filling the cavity.5.3 Skid ResistanceWhen specified, the unit
31、s shall be tested for skid resistance in accordance with Test Method E303.5.4 CoringThe brick shall be without core holes or other perforations.5.5 Chips or CracksThe brick shall be free of chips or cracks larger than those listed in this specification that wouldsignificantly impair the performance
32、of the system.6. Efflorescence6.1 When specified, the units shall be tested for efflorescence in accordance with Test Methods C67. The units shall be sampledat the place of manufacture.7. Dimensions and Permissible Variations7.1 The size of the brick shall be as specified by the purchaser.7.2 The mi
33、nimum specified thickness of the unit depends on the Type and shall be as follows:7.2.1 Type R214 in. (57.2 mm).7.2.2 Type F258 in. (66.7 mm).7.3 When chamfers are specified by the purchaser, the dimensions required in 7.2.2 are exclusive of chamfers.7.4 Lugs shall project no greater than 18 in. (3.
34、2 mm), unless otherwise specified.NOTE 3Lugs are used as spacers to provide a definitive joint size. When used in permeable paving assemblies, lugs may be required to be larger than18 in. (3.2 mm) to allow for additional water infiltration.7.4.1 When lugs are specified by the purchaser, the size of
35、the brick and its associated dimensional tolerances shall include thelugs.NOTE 4Some manufacturers have the option of making brick with lugs in different locations. When the pavers are placed such that the lugs aredirectly opposed to each other, the dimension measurement shall include both lugs. Whe
36、n the pavers are placed in a manner where the lugs are offset,or when lugs are only on one side of the unit, the dimension measurement shall include one lug only.7.5 In the sample of units, no unit shall depart from the specified size by more than the individual tolerance for the applicationspecifie
37、d as prescribed in Table 3. Type F paving brick shall conform to Application PX only.7.6 Tolerances for warpage of surfaces or edges intended to be exposed in use from a plane surface and from a straight line,respectively, shall not exceed the maximum for the application specified as prescribed in T
38、able 4. Type F paving brick shallconform to Application PX only.8. Finish and Appearance8.1 If brick having a particular color, color range, or texture are desired, these features shall be specified separately by thepurchaser. The texture of the finished face shall conform to an approved sample cons
39、isting of not less than four brick, eachrepresenting the texture desired. The color range shall be indicated by the approved sample.TABLE 2 Abrasion RequirementsAType Abrasion Index, max Volume Abrasion Loss,max, cm3/cm 2R and F 0.11 1.7A See 5.2.1 and 5.2.2 for additional information.TABLE 3 Tolera
40、nces on DimensionsDimension, in. (mm) Permissible Variation, max, in. (mm)Application PS Application PX Application PA3 (76) and under 18 (3.2) 116 (1.6) no limitOver 3 to 5 (76 to 127) 316 (4.7) 332 (2.4) no limitOver 5 to 8 (127 to 203) 14 (6.4) 18 (3.2) no limitOver 8 (203) 516 (7.9) 732 (5.6) no
41、 limitC1272 1638.2 Other than chips, the finished faces of the brick shall be free of cracks or other imperfections detracting from the appearanceof a designated sample when viewed from a distance of 20 ft (6 m) under diffused lighting. If brick having a particular color, colorrange, or texture are
42、desired, these features shall be specified separately by the purchaser. The texture of the finished face shallconform to an approved sample consisting of not less than four brick, each representing the texture desired. The color range shallbe indicated by the approved sample.8.3 The finished faces o
43、f the brick shall be free of chips that exceed the limits given in Table 5. The cumulative length of chipson the finished face of a single unit shall not exceed 10 % of the perimeter of that face.8.4 A delivery shall contain not more than 5 % brick that do not meet the combined requirements of Table
44、s 3-5, includingbroken brick.8.5 After brick are placed in usage, the requirements for chippage and tolerances do not apply in determining compliance withthis specification.9. Sampling and Testing9.1 The brick shall be sampled and tested in accordance with applicable sections in Test Methods C67.9.2
45、 The manufacturer or the seller shall furnish specimens for tests. The place or places of selection shall be designated whenthe purchase order is placed.NOTE 5Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, the cost of tests is typically borne as follows: If the results of the tests show that the
46、brickdo not conform to the requirements of this specification, the cost is typically borne by the seller. If the results of the tests show that the brick do conformto the requirements of this specification, the cost is typically borne by the purchaser.10. Keywords10.1 brick; fired masonry units; pav
47、ement surfacesSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C15 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(C1272 15) that may impact the use of this standard. (January 15, 2016)(1) Changed heading in Table 1 to reference the proper cold water absorption test.SUMMARY OF CHANG
48、ESCommittee C15 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(C1272 14b) that may impact the use of this standard. (December 1, 2015)(1) Added new 1.4 to address the applicability of this standard.(2) Modified 3.2.1.1 to include more description of ESAL.Commit
49、tee C15 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(C1272 14a) that may impact the use of this standard. (December 15, 2014)TABLE 4 Tolerances on WarpageSpecified Dimension, in.(mm) Permissible Warpage, max, in. (mm)Application PS Application PX Application PA8 (203) and under 332 (2.4) 116 (1.6) no limitOver 8 (203) to 12 (305) 18 (3.2) 332 (2.4) no limitOver 12 (305) to 16 (406) 532 (4.0) 18 (3.2) no limitTABLE 5 Maximum Permissible Extent of Chippage from Edgesand Corners
