1、Designation: C 1354 96 (Reapproved 2004)Standard Test Method forStrength of Individual Stone Anchorages in DimensionStone1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1354; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, t
2、he year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method provides procedures for determiningthe ultimate strength of an assembly consisting of sto
3、ne withmechanical anchor (anchorage). Load is applied, separately,perpendicular to the surface of the panel and parallel to thesurface of the panel. This test is intended to represent theinteraction of the anchor with the stone panel. However,influence of the backup structure on the strength of thea
4、ssemblies is not included.1.2 This method is applicable to stone panels supported bymechanical anchors.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility
5、 of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 1242 Guide for Design, Selection, and Installation ofExterior Dimension Stone Anchors and Anchoring
6、 Sys-temsE 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE 575 Practice for Reporting Data from Structural Tests ofBuilding Constructions, Elements, Connections, and As-semblies3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 anchor, nin general, a metal shape inserted into aslot or hole in the stone pan
7、el that provides for the transfer ofloads from the stone to the building structure, either directly orthrough an intermediate structure.3.1.2 anchorage, nassembly consisting of a stone panelwith a mechanical anchor.3.1.3 panel, ncut stone with large face dimensions inrelation to its thickness, for p
8、lacement in a building structure orframe assembly.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Test specimens consisting of a stone panel sample and amechanical anchor are fabricated in the same manner and ofthe same materials as their intended construction uses. Themechanical anchor is connected to a test support.
9、 A test load isapplied perpendicular or parallel to the face of the stone panel.The test load is applied gradually using a calibrated testmachine; load is increased until the stone or the mechanicalanchor fails.4.2 The load at failure and mode of failure of each testspecimen is observed and recorded
10、. The test as described aboveis repeated five times for each combination of stone and anchorto be tested and for each direction of load to be tested.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is intended to provide informationfrom which applicable design data can be determined for agiven anchor use
11、d to support a dimension stone panel. Thestrength of a limited length of anchor may be related to a longerlength of support when the flexibility of the support is properlyconsidered by the designer. Refer to Guide C 1242.6. Testing Machine6.1 The testing machine shall conform to the requirementsof P
12、ractices E 4.6.2 The load from the testing machine shall be appliedthrough appropriate devices (a lubricated ball-and-socket or alubricated universal joint) to apply direct tension to the testspecimen without bending.7. Support Frame and Loading Device7.1 The support frame (excluding the anchor to b
13、e tested)shall have sufficient strength to not yield while supportingmaximum applied load. In addition, the support frame shall be1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C18 onDimension Stone and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C18.01.Current edition approved Oct.
14、1, 2004. Published November 2004. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 1996 as C 1354 96.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to th
15、e standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.sufficiently stiff to limit deflection to less than 1 mm (0.04 in.)at maximum test load and to limit rotation to less than 2.7.2 For
16、 load perpendicular to the surface of the stone panel:7.2.1 A rubber pad or a setting gypsum bed shall be usedbetween the stone and the loading or restraint surface to avoidconcentration of stress in the surface of the stone sample.7.2.2 A frame to support a stone sample with anchor in theside edge
17、of the stone is shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 1 representsoutward loading on a single stone panel. At the designersoption, two stone panels can be tested on a single split anchor.7.2.2.1 The test specimen is supported at one end by theanchor. The anchor shall be attached to the support frame in thesame way
18、it will be attached to the backup structure inconstruction. The sample of stone is supported at the oppositeend by a 25 mm (1 in.) diameter rod.7.2.2.2 The load from the testing machine is applied to thestone sample through a 25 mm (1 in.) diameter rod, located asclose as possible to the anchor that
19、 supports the stone but at adistance not less than the thickness of the panel.7.2.3 A frame to test a stone sample with anchor in back ofthe stone and the load applied in a direction perpendicular tothe panel are shown in Figs. 2 and 3. The sample of stone panelis held down while the upward load is
20、applied through a singlesample of anchor. The stone sample may be held down byindependent anchors as shown in Fig. 2 or by the device usedto apply load as shown in Fig. 3.7.3 For load parallel to the surface of the stone panel:7.3.1 The stone panel sample is restrained in the plane of thepanel while
21、 a test load is applied parallel to the plane of thepanel as shown in Fig. 4. The area beneath the anchor shall bekept unsupported to prevent restraint of spalls that mayartificially increase the strength. The surface between theloading plate and the stone panel sample shall be lubricated.8. Test Sp
22、ecimens8.1 Anchorage SystemThe anchorage system shall berepresentative of the type to be used in field construction andshall include the anchor to be used and all accessories normallyrequired to attach the anchor to the backup structure. If sealant,epoxy, or other form of kerf filler is specified to
23、 be used in fieldconstruction, the bond between the sealant, epoxy, or otherform of kerf filler shall be intentionally prevented in the testassembly. Alternatively, provisions may be made to distributethe load from the anchor to the stone with a soft bearingmaterial. At the designers option, the sea
24、lant or epoxy may beallowed to bond.FIG. 1A Edge of Panel Supported by Tab Inserted into Kerf in Edge of PanelFIG. 1B Edge of Panel Supported by Pin Installed into Hole Drilled into Edge of PanelFIG. 1 Setup for Testing Connection in Edge of SampleTest Procedure AC 1354 96 (2004)28.2 Anchor Installa
25、tionInstall the anchor and accessoriesin accordance with the specified design.8.3 Number of SpecimensFor each combination of stoneand anchor to be tested, test at least five specimens.3Whereedge connections are used, a set of five specimens shall betested with connection made in each of the two perp
26、endicularedges.8.4 Stone Panel SamplesSelect representative samples ofdimension stone. Stone samples shall be taken from slabsoriented relative to rift as will be used in construction. Stonesuppliers shall provide the following information: name ofstone used for tests, stone type, quarry source, rif
27、t orientation,and stone finish.8.5 Anchor SamplesUse anchor and accessories represen-tative of that specified for the intended construction. If it isdesired to measure fracture strength of stone when it exceedsthe strength of the metal anchor, an additional set of tests shallbe performed using a sti
28、ffer anchor or an anchor with a higheryield strength.8.6 PreconditioningStone panel samples shall be precon-ditioned by immersing in water for 48 h at 22 6 2C (72 64F). Test specimens immediately upon removing from thebath, wiping the specimen free of surface water. At thedesigners option, stone may
29、 be tested in a dry condition.9. Procedure9.1 For a load applied perpendicular to the panel, one set offive specimens shall be tested with the load applied outward,and one set of five specimens shall be tested with the loadapplied inward. At the designers option, only one direction3More specimens ma
30、y be needed depending on the variability of the test results.If necessary, determine suitable statistical parameters to evaluate the compositevariability and to select the number of specimens needed for obtaining a givenminimum precision in determining the capacity of the anchorage system.FIG. 2 Set
31、up for Load Testing of Stone Panel with Connection in Back of Sample and Sample Held Down IndependentlyLoad AppliedPerpendicular to SurfaceC 1354 96 (2004)3may be tested when it is apparent that a direction is the mostcritical based on the combination of greater load and lowerstrength.9.2 For a load
32、 applied parallel to the panel, one set of fivespecimens shall be tested with the load applied in eachdirection the anchor is being tested.9.3 Apply the load smoothly and at a rate of one-half theanticipated ultimate strength of the anchor assembly perminute.9.4 Load each specimen until the anchor f
33、ails. Observe andrecord the failure of the load applied to each specimen.9.5 Observe and record the mode of failure. If restraintdevices have interfered with the fracture plane, note it andadjust the locations of the restraint devices.9.6 If desired, deflection at the anchorage may be measured.Defle
34、ction shall be measured to an accuracy of 0.02 mm (0.001in.) and in the loading direction. The designer specifying thetest shall state what deflection is measured.10. Calculation10.1 For the specimens loaded using the test frame shown inFig. 1, report the load in the anchorage system as (see Fig. 1)
35、:anchorage system load 5test machine load!3aL(1)10.2 For specimens loaded using the test frames shown inFig. 2, Fig. 3, or Fig. 4, report the load in the anchorage systemas:anchorage system load 5 test machine load (2)11. Report11.1 Report the following information in accordance withPractice E 575:1
36、1.1.1 Test and report dates,11.1.2 Test sponsor agency,11.1.3 Identification of anchorage tested: manufacturer,type, material, finish, shape, dimensions, and other pertinentinformation,FIG. 3 Setup for Testing of Stone Panel with Connection in Back of Sample and Sample Held Down by FixtureLoad Appli
37、edPerpendicular to SurfaceC 1354 96 (2004)411.1.4 Description of the anchorage tested,11.1.5 Detailed drawings or photographs of test specimensbefore and after testing, if not described, including stonethickness, kerf dimensions or hole diameter, location of hole orkerf, and engagement of anchor int
38、o hole or kerf. Actualdimensions of each sample tested (rather than nominal dimen-sions) shall be measured and reported,11.1.6 Stone name, stone type, quarry source, rift orienta-tion, and stone finish,11.1.7 Test method description, load procedures, and actualloading rate,11.1.8 Number of specimens
39、 tested,11.1.9 Individual and average failure test loads and indi-vidual failure modes, and11.1.10 Names, signatures, and, if required, the professionalcertificate or seal of responsible persons.12. Precision and Bias12.1 Individual variations in a natural product may result invariation from accepte
40、d values. A precision section will beadded when sufficient data are available to indicate acceptabletolerances in repeatability and reproducibility.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users
41、of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every fi
42、ve years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical
43、committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, P
44、A 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).FIG. 4 Setup for Load Testing of Stone Panel with Connection in Back of PanelLoad Applied Parallel to SurfaceC 1354 96 (2004)5
