1、Designation: C136 06C136/C136M 14Standard Test Method forSieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C136;C136/C136M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the det
3、ermination of the particle size distribution of fine and coarse aggregates by sieving.1.2 Some specifications for aggregates which reference this test method contain grading requirements including both coarse andfine fractions. Instructions are included for sieve analysis of such aggregates.1.3 Unit
4、sThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values inparentheses are provided for information purposes only. Specificationstated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore,E11 designates the size of sieve frames with inch u
5、nits as standard, but in this test method the frame size is designated in SI unitsexactly equivalent to the inch units.each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systemsmay result in non-conformance with the standard.NOTE 1Sieve size is identified by its stan
6、dard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for informationonly and does not represent a different standard sieve size. Specification E11 cites the following with respect to SI units versus inch-pound units asstandard. “The values stated in SI units sha
7、ll be considered standard for the dimensions of the sieve cloth openings and the wire diameters used in thesieve cloth. The values stated in inch-pound units shall be considered standard with regard to the sieve frames, pans,” and covers.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safet
8、y concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C117 Test Method for Materials Finer
9、 than 75-m (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by WashingC125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete AggregatesC637 Specification for Aggregates for Radiation-Shielding ConcreteC670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction MaterialsC702 Practice
10、 for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing SizeD75 Practice for Sampling AggregatesE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves2.2 AASHTO Standard:AASHTO No. T 27 Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this s
11、tandard, refer to Terminology C125.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A sample of dry aggregate of known mass is separated through a series of sieves of progressively smaller openings fordetermination of particle size distribution.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concr
12、ete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.20 onNormal Weight Aggregates.Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2006Dec. 1, 2014. Published March 2006February 2015. Originally approved in 1938. Last previous edition approved in 20052006 asC136 05.C136 06. DOI: 10.152
13、0/C0136-06.10.1520/C0136_C0136M-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American
14、Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, 444 North Capitol St. N.W., Suite 225, Washington, DC 20001.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit ma
15、y not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at th
16、e end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is used primarily to determine the grading of materials proposed for use as aggregates or being used asaggregates. The r
17、esults are used to determine compliance of the particle size distribution with applicable specification requirementsand to provide necessary data for control of the production of various aggregate products and mixtures containing aggregates. Thedata may also be useful in developing relationships con
18、cerning porosity and packing.5.2 Accurate determination of material finer than the 75-m (No. 200) sieve cannot be achieved by use of this test method alone.Test Method C117 for material finer than 75-m sieve by washing should be employed.5.3 Refer to methods of sampling and testing in Specification
19、C637 for heavyweight aggregates.6. Apparatus6.1 BalancesBalances or scales used in testing fine and coarse aggregate shall have readability and accuracy as follows:6.1.1 For fine aggregate, readable to 0.1 g and accurate to 0.1 g or 0.1 % of the test load, whichever is greater, at any point withinth
20、e range of use.6.1.2 For coarse aggregate, or mixtures of fine and coarse aggregate, readable and accurate to 0.5 g or 0.1 % of the test load,whichever is greater, at any point within the range of use.6.2 SievesThe sieve cloth shall be mounted on substantial frames constructed in a manner that will
21、prevent loss of materialduring sieving. The sieve cloth and standard sieve frames shall conform to the requirements of Specification E11. Nonstandardsieve frames shall conform to the requirements of Specification E11 as applicable.NOTE 2It is recommended that sieves mounted in frames larger than sta
22、ndard 203.2-mm (8 in.)8 in. diameter be used for testing coarse aggregateto reduce the possibility of overloading the sieves. See 8.3.6.3 Mechanical Sieve ShakerA mechanical sieving device, if used, shall create motion of the sieves to cause the particles tobounce, tumble, or otherwise turn so as to
23、 present different orientations to the sieving surface. The sieving action shall be suchthat the criterion for adequacy of sieving described in 8.4 is met in a reasonable time period.NOTE 3Use of a mechanical sieve shaker is recommended when the size of the sample is 20 kg or greater, and may be use
24、d for smaller samples,including fine aggregate. Excessive time (more than approximately 10 min) to achieve adequate sieving may result in degradation of the sample. The samemechanical sieve shaker may not be practical for all sizes of samples, since the large sieving area needed for practical sievin
25、g of a large nominal sizecoarse aggregate very likely could result in loss of a portion of the sample if used for a small sample of coarse aggregate or fine aggregate.6.4 OvenAn oven of appropriate size capable of maintaining a uniform temperature of 110 6 5 C (230230 6 9 F).10 F.7. Sampling7.1 Samp
26、le the aggregate in accordance with Practice D75. The size of the field sample shall be the quantity shown in PracticeD75 or four times the quantity required in 7.4 and 7.5 (except as modified in 7.6), whichever is greater.7.2 Thoroughly mix the sample and reduce it to an amount suitable for testing
27、 using the applicable procedures described inPractice C702. The sample for test shall be approximately the quantity desired when dry and shall be the end result of the reduction.Reduction to an exact predetermined quantity shall not be permitted.NOTE 4Where sieve analysis, including determination of
28、 material finer than the 75-m sieve, is the only testing proposed, the size of the sample maybe reduced in the field to avoid shipping excessive quantities of extra material to the laboratory.7.3 Fine AggregateThe size of the test sample, after drying, shall be 300 g minimum.7.4 Coarse AggregateThe
29、size of the test sample of coarse aggregate shall conform with the following:Nominal Maximum Size,Square Openings, mm (in.)Test Sample Size,min, kg (lb)9.5 (38) 1 (2)12.5 (12) 2 (4)19.0 (34) 5 (11)25.0 (1) 10 (22)37.5 (112) 15 (33)50 (2) 20 (44)63 (212) 35 (77)75 (3) 60 (130)90 (312) 100 (220)100 (4
30、) 150 (330)125 (5) 300 (660)Nominal Maximum Size,Square Openings, mm (in.)Test Sample Size,min, kg lb9.5 (38) 1 212.5 (12) 2 419.0 (34) 5 1125.0 (1) 10 2237.5 (112) 15 33C136/C136M 14250 (2) 20 4463 (212) 35 7775 (3) 60 13090 (312) 100 220100 (4) 150 330125 (5) 300 6607.5 Coarse and Fine Aggregate M
31、ixturesThe size of the test sample of coarse and fine aggregate mixtures shall be the sameas for coarse aggregate in 7.4.7.6 Samples of Large Size Coarse AggregateThe size of sample required for aggregate with 50-mm 2-in. nominal maximumsize or larger is such as to preclude convenient sample reducti
32、on and testing as a unit except with large mechanical splitters andsieve shakers. As an option when such equipment is not available, instead of combining and mixing sample increments and thenreducing the field sample to testing size, conduct the sieve analysis on a number of approximately equal samp
33、le increments suchthat the total mass tested conforms to the requirement of 7.4.7.7 In the event that the amount of material finer than the 75-m (No. 200) sieve is to be determined by Test Method C117,proceed as follows:7.7.1 For aggregates with a nominal maximum size of 12.5 mm (1/212 in.)in. or le
34、ss, use the same test sample for testing byTest Method C117 and this test method. First test the sample in accordance with Test Method C117 through the final dryingoperation, then dry sieve the sample as stipulated in 8.2 8.7 of this test method.7.7.2 For aggregates with a nominal maximum size great
35、er than 12.5 mm (12 in.),in., use a single test sample as described in7.7.1, or optionally use separate test samples for Test Method C117 and this test method.7.7.3 Where the specifications require determination of the total amount of material finer than the 75-m sieve by washing anddry sieving, use
36、 the procedure described in 7.7.1.8. Procedure8.1 Dry the sample to constant mass at a temperature of 110 6 5 C (230230 6 9 F).10 F.NOTE 5For control purposes, particularly where rapid results are desired, it is generally not necessary to dry coarse aggregate for the sieve analysistest. The results
37、are little affected by the moisture content unless: (1) the nominal maximum size is smaller than about 12.5 mm (12 in.); (2) the coarseaggregate contains appreciable material finer than 4.75 mm (No. 4); or (3) the coarse aggregate is highly absorptive (a lightweight aggregate, for example).Also, sam
38、ples may be dried at the higher temperatures associated with the use of hot plates without affecting results, provided steam escapes withoutgenerating pressures sufficient to fracture the particles, and temperatures are not so great as to cause chemical breakdown of the aggregate.8.2 Select sieves w
39、ith suitable openings to furnish the information required by the specifications covering the material to betested. Use additional sieves as desired or necessary to provide other information, such as fineness modulus, or to regulate theamount of material on a sieve. Nest the sieves in order of decrea
40、sing size of opening from top to bottom and place the sample onthe top sieve. Agitate the sieves by hand or by mechanical apparatus for a sufficient period, established by trial or checked bymeasurement on the actual test sample, to meet the criterion for adequacy or sieving described in 8.4.8.3 Lim
41、it the quantity of material on a given sieve so that all particles have opportunity to reach sieve openings a number oftimes during the sieving operation. For sieves with openings smaller than 4.75-mm (No. 4), the quantity retained on any sieve atthe completion of the sieving operation shall not exc
42、eed 7 kg/m2 of sieving surface area (Note 56). For sieves with openings 4.75mm (No. 4) and larger, the quantity retained in kg shall not exceed the product of 2.5 (sieve opening, mm (effective sievingarea, m2). This quantity is shown in Table 1 for five sieve-frame dimensions in common use. In no ca
43、se shall the quantity retainedbe so great as to cause permanent deformation of the sieve cloth.8.3.1 Prevent an overload of material on an individual sieve by one of the following methods:8.3.1.1 Insert an additional sieve with opening size intermediate between the sieve that may be overloaded and t
44、he sieveimmediately above that sieve in the original set of sieves.8.3.1.2 Split the sample into two or more portions, sieving each portion individually. Combine the masses of the several portionsretained on a specific sieve before calculating the percentage of the sample on the sieve.8.3.1.3 Use si
45、eves having a larger frame size and providing greater sieving area.NOTE 6The 7 kg/m2 amounts to 200 g for the usual 203.2-mm (8-in.)203-mm 8-in. diameter sieve (with effective sieving surface diameter of 190.5mm (7.5 in.).7.5 in.8.4 Continue sieving for a sufficient period and in such manner that, a
46、fter completion, not more than 1 % by mass of the materialretained on any individual sieve will pass that sieve during 1 min of continuous hand sieving performed as follows: Hold theindividual sieve, provided with a snug-fitting pan and cover, in a slightly inclined position in one hand. Strike the
47、side of the sievesharply and with an upward motion against the heel of the other hand at the rate of about 150 times per minute, turn the sieve aboutone sixth of a revolution at intervals of about 25 strokes. In determining sufficiency of sieving for sizes larger than the 4.75-mm(No. 4) sieve, limit
48、 the material on the sieve to a single layer of particles. If the size of the mounted testing sieves makes thedescribed sieving motion impractical, use 203-mm (8 in.)8 in. diameter sieves to verify the sufficiency of sieving.8.5 In the case of coarse and fine aggregate mixtures, refer to 8.3.1 to pr
49、event overloading of individual sieves.C136/C136M 1438.5.1 Optionally, reduce the portion finer than the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve using a mechanical splitter according to Practice C702.If this procedure is followed, compute the mass of each size increment of the original sample as follows:A5W1W23B (1)where:A = mass of size increment on total sample basis,W1 = mass of fraction finer than 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve in total sample,W 2 = mass of reduced portion of material finer than 4.75-mm (No
