1、Designation: C1372 16C1372 17Standard Specification forDry-Cast Segmental Retaining Wall Units1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1372; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers dry-cast segmental retaining wall units of concrete, machinemade from hydraulic cement, water,and suitable m
3、ineral aggregates with or without the inclusion of other materials. The units are intended for use in the constructionof mortarless segmental retaining walls.NOTE 1When particular features are desired, such as density classification, higher compressive strength, surface texture, finish, color, or ot
4、her specialfeatures, such properties should be specified separately by the purchaser. Suppliers should be consulted as to availability of units having the desiredfeatures.1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excludi
5、ng those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered stan
6、dard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers
7、to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC140 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Concrete Masonry Units and Related UnitsC150 Specification for Portland CementC331 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Concrete Masonry Uni
8、tsC595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and MortarsC1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic CementC1232 Terminology for MasonryC1262 Test
9、Method for Evaluating the Freeze-Thaw Durability of Dry-Cast Segmental Retaining Wall Units and RelatedConcrete Units3. Terminology3.1 Terminology defined in Terminology C1232 shall apply for this specification.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 Dry-cast, adjmanufacturing concrete products using low frequency, h
10、igh amplitude vibration to consolidate concrete ofstiff or extremely dry consistency in a form.3.2.2 segmental retaining wall unit, nunit manufactured of concrete for the construction of dry-stacked earth retaining walls.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on Manufac
11、tured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of C15.03 on Concrete MasonryUnits and Related Units.Current edition approved June 1, 2016Aug. 1, 2017. Published July 2016August 2017. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20142016 asC1372 14a.C1372 16. DOI: 10.1520/C137
12、2-16.10.1520/C1372-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard a
13、nd is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only
14、 the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2.3 segmental retain
15、ing wall unit, dry-cast, na segmental retaining wall unit manufactured of concrete using a dry-castprocess.4. Materials4.1 Cementitious MaterialsMaterials shall conform to the following applicable specifications:4.1.1 Portland CementsSpecification C150.4.1.2 Modified Portland CementPortland cement c
16、onforming to Specification C150, modified as follows:4.1.2.1 LimestoneLimestone, with a minimum 85 % Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) content, shall be permitted to be added tothe cement, provided these requirements of Specification C150 as modified are met:(1) Limitation on Insoluble Residue1.5 %.(2) Limi
17、tation on Air Content of MortarVolume percent, 22 % max.(3) Limitation on Loss of Ignition7 %.4.1.3 Blended Hydraulic CementsSpecification C595.4.1.4 Hydraulic CementSpecification C1157.4.1.5 PozzolansSpecification C618.4.1.6 Blast Furnace Slag CementSpecification C989.4.2 AggregatesAggregates shall
18、 conform to the following specifications, except that grading requirements shall notnecessarily apply:4.2.1 Normal Weight AggregatesSpecification C33.4.2.2 Lightweight AggregatesSpecification C331.4.3 Other ConstituentsAir-entraining agents, coloring pigments, integral water repellents, finely groun
19、d silica, and otherconstituents shall be previously established as suitable for use in segmental retaining wall units and shall conform to applicableASTM standards or shall be shown by test or experience to be not detrimental to the durability of the segmental retaining wallunits or any material cus
20、tomarily used in segmental retaining wall construction.5. Physical Requirements5.1 At the time of delivery to the work site, the units shall conform to the physical requirements of Table 1 when tested inaccordance with 8.2. All units shall be sound and free of cracks or other defects that interfere
21、with the proper placement of theunits or significantly impair the strength or permanence of the construction. Minor cracks incidental to the usual method ofmanufacture or minor chipping resulting from customary methods of handling in shipment and delivery are not grounds forrejection.5.1.1 When high
22、er compressive strengths than those listed in Table 1 are specified, the tested average net area compressivestrength of three units shall equal or exceed the specified compressive strength, and the following single unit strength requirementsshall apply.5.1.1.1 When the specified compressive strength
23、 is less than 5000 psi, no single unit net area compressive strength test resultshall be less than the specified compressive strength minus 500 psi.5.1.1.2 When the specified compressive strength is 5000 psi or greater, no single unit net area compressive strength test resultshall be less than 90 %
24、of the specified compressive strength.5.2 Freeze-Thaw DurabilityIn areas where repeated freezing and thawing under saturated conditions occur, freeze-thawdurability shall be demonstrated by test or by proven field performance that the segmental retaining wall units have adequatedurability for the in
25、tended use. When testing is required by the specifier to demonstrate freeze-thaw durability, the units shall betested in accordance with 8.3.5.2.1 Specimens shall comply with either of the following: (1) the weight loss of each of five test specimens at the conclusionof 100 cycles shall not exceed 1
26、 % of its initial weight; or (2) the weight loss of each of four of the five test specimens at theconclusion of 150 cycles shall not exceed 1.5 % of its initial weight.TABLE 1 Strength, Absorption, and Density Classification RequirementsADensity ClassificationOven-Dry Density of Concretelb/ft3 (kg/m
27、3)Maximum Water Absorptionlb/ft3 (kg/m3)Minimum Net AreaCompressive Strengthlb/in.2 (MPa)Average of Three Units Average of Three Units Individual Units Average of Three Units Individual UnitsLightweight Less than 105 (1680) 18 (288) 20 (320) 3000 (20.7) 2500 (17.2)Medium Weight 105 to less than 125
28、15 (240) 17 (272) 3000 (20.7) 2500 (17.2)(1680 to 2000)Normal Weight 125 (2000) or more 13 (208) 15 (240) 3000 (20.7) 2500 (17.2)A Consult manufacturers for available densities.C1372 1726. Permissible Variations in Dimensions6.1 Overall dimensions for width, height, and length shall differ by not mo
29、re than 6 18 in. (3.2 mm) from the specified standarddimensions.NOTE 2The term “width” refers to the horizontal dimension of the unit measured perpendicular to the face of the wall from the exposed surface ofthe unit to the back of the unit. The term “height” refers to the vertical dimension of the
30、unit as placed in the wall. The term “length” refers to thehorizontal dimension of the unit measured parallel to the running length of the wall.6.1.1 Dimensional tolerance requirements for width shall be waived for architectural surfaces.NOTE 3Split-faced surfaces are the most common surfaces used t
31、o provide an architectural appearance to segmental retaining walls. However, othermeans could be used to obtain similar architectural effects like tumbling, grinding, and slumping.7. Finish and Appearance7.1 No more than 5 % of the units in the shipment shall exhibit one or more of the characteristi
32、cs described in 7.1.1 through7.1.4 and 7.2.7.1.1 Units with dimensions not meeting the requirements of 6.1.7.1.2 Units with finished face(s) containing chips larger than 1 in. (25.4 mm) in any direction.7.1.3 Units with finished face(s) containing cracks wider than 0.02 in. (0.5 mm) and longer than
33、25 % of the nominal heightof the unit.7.1.4 Units that are broken.NOTE 4Units specified to have particular features or finishes, such as split-face and tumbled units, should not be evaluated for conformance of suchfeatures to the requirements of 7.1.2.7.2 Where units are to be used in exposed wall c
34、onstruction, the face or faces that are to be exposed shall not show chips orcracks, except as permitted in 7.1.2 and 7.1.3, or other imperfections when viewed from a distance of not less than 20 ft (6.1 m)under diffused lighting.7.3 The color and texture of units shall be specified by the purchaser
35、. The finished surface that will be exposed in place shallconform to an approved sample consisting of not less than four units, representing the range of texture and color permitted.NOTE 5Segmental retaining wall units are produced using a wide variety of natural aggregates and other materials.As su
36、ch, slight variations inherentfrom natural materials should be expected. Since specifying units and approving samples can take place several months prior to production of actual unitsfor a project, slight variations in appearance from the approved sample are to be expected.8. Sampling and Testing8.1
37、 The purchaser or authorized representative shall be accorded proper facilities to inspect and sample units at the place ofmanufacture from the lots ready for delivery.8.2 Compressive strength, absorption, density, and dimensional tolerances shall be based on tests of segmental retaining wallunits o
38、f any configuration or dimensions made with the same materials, concrete mix design, manufacturing process, and curingmethod, conducted in accordance with Test Methods C140 and within 12 months of production of the units.not more than 12months prior to delivery.8.3 When required, freeze-thaw durabil
39、ity shall be based on tests of segmental retaining wall units of any configuration ordimension made with the same materials, concrete mix design, manufacturing process, and curing method, conducted inaccordance withTest Method C1262 using potable tap water as the test solution and within 24 months o
40、f production of the units.notmore than 24 months prior to delivery.9. Compliance9.1 If a sample fails to conform to the specified requirements, the manufacturer shall be permitted to remove units from theshipment. A new sample shall be selected by the purchaser from remaining units from the shipment
41、 with a similar configurationand dimension and tested at the expense of the manufacturer. If the second sample meets the specified requirements, the remainingportion of the shipment represented by the sample meets the specified requirements. If the second sample fails to meet the specifiedrequiremen
42、ts, the remaining portion of the shipment represented by the sample fails to meet the specified requirements.NOTE 6Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, the cost of tests is typically borne as follows: (1) if the results of the tests show that theunits do not conform to the requirements
43、of this specification, the cost is typically borne by the seller; (2) if the results of the tests show that the unitsconform to the specification requirements, the cost is typically borne by the purchaser.10. Keywords10.1 absorption; aggregates; cementitious materials; compressive strength; concrete
44、 masonry units; density classification;dimensions; durabilityC1372 173SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C15 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(C1372 16) that may impact the use of this standard. (August 1, 2017)(1) Modified testing frequency in Section 8
45、to be based on time of delivery.SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C15 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(C1372 14a) that may impact the use of this standard. (June 1, 2016)(1) Modified 8.3 to clarify that water is to be used as the test solution for freez
46、e-thaw testing.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of s
47、uch rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for addi
48、tional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to th
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