1、Designation: C 143/C 143M 09Standard Test Method forSlump of Hydraulic-Cement Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 143/C 143M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A n
2、umber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers determination of slump ofhydra
3、ulic-cement concrete, both in the laboratory and in thefield.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system
4、shall be used independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two systems may result in non-conformance with thestandard.1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be
5、consideredas requirements of the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulator
6、y limitations prior to use. (WarningFreshhydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may causechemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C 31/C 31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete TestSpecimens in the FieldC 138/C 138M Test Meth
7、od for Density (Unit Weight),Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of ConcreteC 172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed ConcreteC 173/C 173M Test Method for Air Content of FreshlyMixed Concrete by the Volumetric MethodC 231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly MixedConcrete by the Pressure MethodC
8、670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction Materials3. Summary of Test Method3.1 A sample of freshly mixed concrete is placed andcompacted by rodding in a mold shaped as the frustum of acone. The mold is raised, and the concrete allowed to subside.The v
9、ertical distance between the original and displacedposition of the center of the top surface of the concrete ismeasured and reported as the slump of the concrete.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is intended to provide the user with aprocedure to determine slump of plastic hydraulic-cement
10、concretes.NOTE 1This test method was originally developed to provide atechnique to monitor the consistency of unhardened concrete. Underlaboratory conditions, with strict control of all concrete materials, theslump is generally found to increase proportionally with the water contentof a given concre
11、te mixture, and thus to be inversely related to concretestrength. Under field conditions, however, such a strength relationship isnot clearly and consistently shown. Care should therefore be taken inrelating slump results obtained under field conditions to strength.4.2 This test method is considered
12、 applicable to plasticconcrete having coarse aggregate up to 112 in. 37.5 mm insize. If the coarse aggregate is larger than 112 in. 37.5 mm insize, the test method is applicable when it is performed on thefraction of concrete passing a 112-in. 37.5-mm sieve, with thelarger aggregate being removed in
13、 accordance with the sectiontitled “Additional Procedure for Large Maximum Size Aggre-gate Concrete” in Practice C 172.4.3 This test method is not considered applicable to non-plastic and non-cohesive concrete.NOTE 2Concretes having slumps less than12 in. 15 mm may not beadequately plastic and concr
14、etes having slumps greater than about 9 in.230 mm may not be adequately cohesive for this test to have signifi-cance. Caution should be exercised in interpreting such results.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct respon
15、sibility of SubcommitteeC09.60 on Testing Fresh Concrete.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2009. Published September 2009. Originallyapproved in 1922. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C 143/C 143M 08.2Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,Annual Book of ASTM
16、 Standards, Vol. 04.02.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears
17、 at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5. Apparatus5.1 MoldThe test specimen shall be formed in a moldmade of metal not readily attacked by the cement paste. Themetal shall not be thinner than 0.0
18、60 in. 1.5 mm and ifformed by the spinning process, there shall be no point on themold at which the thickness is less than 0.045 in. 1.15 mm.The mold shall be in the form of the lateral surface of thefrustum of a cone with the base 8 in. 200 mm in diameter, thetop 4 in. 100 mm in diameter, and the h
19、eight 12 in. 300 mm.Individual diameters and heights shall be within 618 in. 3mm of the prescribed dimensions. The base and the top shallbe open and parallel to each other and at right angles to the axisof the cone. The mold shall be provided with foot pieces andhandles similar to those shown in Fig
20、. 1. The mold shall beconstructed without a seam. The interior of the mold shall berelatively smooth and free from projections. The mold shall befree from dents, deformation, or adhered mortar. A mold whichclamps to a nonabsorbent base plate is acceptable instead of theone illustrated, provided the
21、clamping arrangement is such thatit can be fully released without movement of the mold and thebase is large enough to contain all of the slumped concrete inan acceptable test.5.1.1 Check and record conformance to the molds specifieddimensions when it is purchased or first placed in service andat lea
22、st annually thereafter.5.1.2 Mold with alternative materials.5.1.2.1 Molds other than metal are allowed if the followingrequirements are met: The mold shall meet the shape, height,and internal dimensional requirements of 5.1. The mold shallbe sufficiently rigid to maintain the specified dimensions a
23、ndtolerances during use, resistant to impact forces, and shall benonabsorbent. The mold shall be demonstrated to provide testresults comparable to those obtained when using a metal moldmeeting the requirements of 5.1. Comparability shall bedemonstrated on behalf of the manufacturer by an independent
24、testing laboratory. Test for comparability shall consist of notless than 10 consecutive pairs of comparisons performed ateach of 3 different slumps ranging from 2 to 8 in. 50 to 200mm (Note 3). No individual test results shall vary by morethan 0.50 in. 15 mm from that obtained using the metal mold.T
25、he average test results of each slump range obtained using themold constructed of alternative material shall not vary by morethan 0.25 in. 6 mm from the average of test results obtainedusing the metal mold. Manufacturer comparability test datashall be available to users and laboratory inspection aut
26、horities(Note 4). If any changes in material or method of manufactureare made, tests for comparability shall be repeated.NOTE 3The phrase “consecutive pairs of comparisons” does not meanwithout interruption or all in one day. At a schedule selected by the testingentity, the pairs of tests leading to
27、 10 consecutive pairs may be accom-plished in small groups. The word “consecutive” prevents ignoring pairsof tests which may not meet the criteria.NOTE 4Because the slump of concrete decreases with time and highertemperatures, it will be advantageous for the comparability tests to beperformed by alt
28、ernating the use of metal cones and alternative materialcones, to utilize several technicians, and to minimize the time between testprocedures.5.1.2.2 If the condition of any individual mold is suspectedof being out of tolerance from the as manufactured condition,a single comparative test shall be p
29、erformed. If the test resultsdiffer by more than 0.50 in. 15 mm from that obtained usingthe metal mold, the mold shall be removed from service.5.2 Tamping RodA round, straight steel rod, with a58 in.16 mm 6116 in. 2 mm diameter. The length of the tampingrod shall be at least 4 in. 100 mm greater tha
30、n the depth of themold in which rodding is being performed, but not greater than24 in. 600 mm in overall length (Note 5). The lengthtolerance for the tamping rod shall be 618 in. 4 mm. The rodshall have the tamping end or both ends rounded to ahemispherical tip of the same diameter as the rod.NOTE 5
31、A rod length of 16 in. 400 mm to 24 in. 600 mm meets therequirements of the following: Practice C 31/C 31M, Test Method C 138/C 138M, Test Method C 143/C 143M, Test Method C 173/C 173M, andTest Method C 231.5.3 Measuring DeviceA ruler, metal roll-up measuringtape, or similar rigid or semi-rigid leng
32、th measuring instrumentmarked in increments of14 in. 5 mm or smaller. Theinstruement length shall be at least 12 in. 300 mm.5.4 Scoopof a size large enough so each amount ofconcrete obtained from the sampling receptacle is representa-tive and small enough so it is not spilled during placement inthe
33、mold.6. Sample6.1 The sample of concrete from which test specimens aremade shall be representative of the entire batch. It shall beobtained in accordance with Practice C 172.Dimensional Unitsin.1161812 13318 4812mm 2 3 15 25 75 80 100 200 300FIG. 1 Mold for Slump TestC 143/C 143M 0927. Procedure7.1
34、Dampen the mold and place it on a flat, moist, nonab-sorbent (rigid) surface. It shall be held firmly in place duringfilling and perimeter cleaning by the operator standing on thetwo foot pieces or by a clamping arrangement to a base plateas described in 5.1. From the sample of concrete obtained ina
35、ccordance with Section 6, immediately fill the mold in threelayers, each approximately one third the volume of the mold(See Note 6). Place the concrete in the mold using the scoopdescribed in 5.4. Move the scoop around the perimeter of themold opening to ensure an even distribution of the concretewi
36、th minimal segregation.NOTE 6One third of the volume of the slump mold fills it to a depthof 258 in. 70 mm; two thirds of the volume fills it to a depth of 618 in.160 mm.7.2 Rod each layer 25 times uniformly over the crosssection with the rounded end of the rod. For the bottom layer,this will necess
37、itate inclining the rod slightly and makingapproximately half of the strokes near the perimeter, and thenprogressing with vertical strokes spirally toward the center.Rod the bottom layer throughout its depth. For each upperlayer, allow the rod to penetrate through the layer being roddedand into the
38、layer below approximately 1 in. 25 mm.7.3 In filling and rodding the top layer, heap the concreteabove the mold before rodding is started. If the roddingoperation results in subsidence of the concrete below the topedge of the mold, add additional concrete to keep an excess ofconcrete above the top o
39、f the mold at all times. After the toplayer has been rodded, strike off the surface of the concrete bymeans of a screeding and rolling motion of the tamping rod.Continue to hold the mold down firmly and remove concretefrom the area surrounding the base of the mold to precludeinterference with the mo
40、vement of slumping concrete. Removethe mold immediately from the concrete by raising it carefullyin a vertical direction. Raise the mold a distance of 12 in. 300mm in 5 6 2 s by a steady upward lift with no lateral ortorsional motion. Complete the entire test from the start of thefilling through rem
41、oval of the mold without interruption andcomplete it within an elapsed time of 212 min.7.4 Immediately measure the slump by determining thevertical difference between the top of the mold and thedisplaced original center of the top surface of the specimen. Ifa decided falling away or shearing off of
42、concrete from oneside or portion of the mass occurs (Note 7), disregard the testand make a new test on another portion of the sample.NOTE 7If two consecutive tests on a sample of concrete show afalling away or shearing off of a portion of the concrete from the mass ofthe specimen, the concrete proba
43、bly lacks necessary plasticity andcohesiveness for the slump test to be applicable.8. Report8.1 Report the slump in terms of inches millimetres to thenearest14 in. 5 mm of subsidence of the specimen during thetest.9. Precision and Bias49.1 PrecisionThe estimates of precision for this testmethod are
44、based upon results from tests conducted in Fay-etteville, Arkansas by 15 technicians from 14 laboratoriesrepresenting 3 states. All tests at 3 different slump ranges, from1.0 in. 25 mm to 6.5 in. 160 mm, were performed using oneload of truck-mixed concrete. The concrete was delivered andtested at a
45、low slump, with water then being added and mixedinto the remaining concrete to independently produce moderateand finally high-slump concrete. The concrete mixture thatused a No. 67 crushed limestone aggregate and a washed riversand, contained 500 lb of cementitious materials per cubic yard297 kg of
46、cementitious material per cubic metre. The 500 lb227 kg were equally divided between a C150, Type I/IIcement and a Class C fly ash. A double dosage of a chemicalretarder was used in an attempt to minimize slump losses andmaintain workability of the concrete. Concrete temperaturesranged from 86 to 93
47、 F 30 to 34 C. Slump losses averaged0.68 in. 17 mm during the 20 min required to perform a seriesof 6 tests at 1 slump range. Testing was performed alternatelyusing metal and plastic molds, which were determined toproduce comparable results. Precision data thus applies to bothmetal and plastic molds
48、. A total of 270 slump tests wereperformed.9.1.1 Inch-Pound SIThe data used to develop the pre-cision statement were obtained using metric units (millime-tres). The precision values shown in inch-pound units areconversions from the millimetre measurements, which wererecorded to the nearest 1 mm.9.1.
49、2 Measure of VariabilityThe standard deviation wasdetermined to be the most consistent measure of variability andwas found to vary with the slump value.9.1.3 Single-Operator PrecisionThe single-operator stan-dard deviation represented by (1s) is shown in Table 1 byaverage slump values. The reported results for the replicatereadings apply to tests conducted by the same operator4The test data used to develop this precision statement were based on testsperform
