1、Designation: C1433M 16bC1433M 18Standard Specification forPrecast Reinforced Concrete Monolithic Box Sections forCulverts, Storm Drains, and Sewers (Metric)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1433M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adop
2、tion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers single-cell precast reinforced concrete box se
3、ctions cast monolithically and intended to be used forthe construction of culverts and for the conveyance of storm water industrial wastes and sewage.1.2 This specification is the SI companion to Specification C1433.NOTE 1This specification is primarily a manufacturing and purchasing specification.
4、However, standard designs are included and the criteria usedto develop these designs are given in Appendix X1. The successful performance of this product depends upon the proper selection of the box section,bedding, backfill, and care that the installation conforms to the construction specifications
5、. The purchaser of the precast reinforced concrete box sectionsspecified herein is cautioned that he must properly correlate the loading conditions and the field requirements with the box section specified and providefor inspection at the construction site.1.3 This international standard was develop
6、ed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents
7、2.1 ASTM Standards:2A615/A615M Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA1064/A1064M Specification for Carbon-Steel Wire and Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for ConcreteA706/A706M Specification for Deformed and Plain Low-Alloy Steel Bars for Con
8、crete ReinforcementC31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the FieldC33/C33M Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete SpecimensC150/C150M Specification for Portland CementC260/C260M Specification for Air-Ent
9、raining Admixtures for ConcreteC309 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing ConcreteC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for ConcreteC497M Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or Tile (Metric)C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 S
10、pecification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related ProductsC989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and MortarsC990 Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe, Manholes, and Precast Box Sect
11、ions Using Preformed Flexible Joint SealantsC1017/C1017M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Use in Producing Flowing ConcreteC1116/C1116M Specification for Fiber-Reinforced ConcreteC1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in the Production of Hydraulic Cement ConcreteC1619 Specificati
12、on for Elastomeric Seals for Joining Concrete StructuresC1675 Practice for Installation of Precast Reinforced Concrete Monolithic Box Sections for Culverts, Storm Drains, and SewersC1677 Specification for Joints for Concrete Box, Using Rubber Gaskets1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of
13、ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.07 on AcceptanceSpecifications and Precast Concrete Box Sections.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2016Jan. 1, 2018. Published November 2016February 2018. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approv
14、ed in 2016 asC1433M 16a.C1433M 16b. DOI: 10.1520/C1433M-16B.10.1520/C1433M-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on
15、the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users
16、consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.2 AASHTO Standards:3Standard
17、Specifications for Highway Bridges3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to concrete pipe, see Terminology C822.4. Types4.1 Precast reinforced concrete box sections manufactured in accordance with this specification shall be one of two typesidentified in Tables 1 and 2, and s
18、hall be designated by type, span, rise, and design earth cover.5. Basis of Acceptance5.1 Acceptability of the box sections produced in accordance with Section 7 shall be determined by the results of the concretecompressive strength tests described in Section 11, by the material requirements describe
19、d in Section 6, and by inspection of thefinished box sections.5.2 Box sections shall be considered ready for acceptance when they conform to the requirements of this specification.6. Material6.1 Reinforced ConcreteThe reinforced concrete shall consist of cementitious materials, mineral aggregates, a
20、dmixtures ifused, and water in which steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act together.6.2 Cementitious Materials:6.2.1 CementCement shall conform to the requirements for portland cement of Specification C150/C150M or shall beportland blast-furnace slag cement, portla
21、nd-limestone cement, or portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements ofSpecification C595/C595M, except that the pozzolan constituent in the Type IP portland pozzolan cement shall be fly ash.6.2.2 Fly AshFly ash shall conform to the requirements of Specification C618, Class F or Class C.6
22、.2.3 Slag CementSlag cement shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 120 of Specification C989/C989M.6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious MaterialsThe combination of cementitious materials used in the concrete shallbe one of the following:6.2.4.1 Portland cement only,6.2.4.2 Portlan
23、d blast-furnace slag cement only,6.2.4.3 Portland-pozzolan cement only,6.2.4.4 Portland-limestone cement only,6.2.4.5 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement and fly ash,6.2.4.6 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement, and slag cement,6.2.4.7 A combination
24、 of portland cement or portland-limestone, slag cement, and fly ash, or6.2.4.8 A combination of portland-pozzolan cement and fly ash.6.3 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to Specification C33/C33M, except that the requirements for gradation shall notapply.6.4 AdmixturesThe following admixtures and
25、blends are allowable:6.4.1 Air-entraining admixture conforming to Specification C260/C260M;6.4.2 Chemical admixture conforming to Specification C494/C494M;6.4.3 Chemical admixture for use in producing flowing concrete conforming to Specification C1017/C1017M; and6.4.4 Chemical admixture or blend app
26、roved by the owner.6.5 Steel ReinforcementReinforcement shall consist of welded wire reinforcement conforming to Specification A1064/A1064M. Circumferential reinforcement areas in Tables 1 and 2 are based solely on the use of welded wire reinforcement, referto 12.6 if alternate steel designs utilizi
27、ng steel bars, Grade 420, in conjunction with or in lieu of welded wire reinforcement areto be submitted for the owners approval. Longitudinal distribution reinforcement shall be allowed to consist of welded wirereinforcement or deformed billet-steel bars conforming to either Specification A615/A615
28、M, Grade 420, or SpecificationA706/A706M, Grade 420.6.6 FibersSynthetic fibers and nonsynthetic fibers shall be allowed to be used, at the manufacturers option, in concrete pipeas a nonstructural manufacturing material. Synthetic fibers (Type II and Type III) and nonsynthetic fiber (Type 1) designed
29、 andmanufactured specifically for use in concrete and conforming to the requirements of Specification C1116/C1116M shall beaccepted.3 Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001.C1433M 1826.7 Wate
30、rWater used in the production of concrete shall be potable or non-potable water that meets the requirements ofSpecification C1602/C1602M.7. Design7.1 Design TablesThe box section dimensions, compressive strength of the concrete, and reinforcement details shall be asprescribed in Table 1 or Table 2 a
31、nd Figs. 1-4, subject to the provisions of Section 12. Table 1 sections are designed for combinedearth dead load andAASHTO HS20 live load conditions. Table 2 sections are designed for combined earth dead load and interstatelive load conditions when the interstate live loading exceeds the HS20 live l
32、oading. Criteria used to develop Tables 1 and 2 aregiven in Appendix X1.NOTE 2The tabular designs in this specification were prepared according to AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, 1997 Edition.7.2 Modified and Special Designs for Monolithic StructuresThe manufacturer shall request
33、 approval by the purchaser ofmodified designs which differ from the designs in Section 7.1, or special designs for sizes and loads other than those shown inTables 1 and 2. When spans are required that exceed those prescribed in Table 1 or Table 2, the design shall be based on the criteriagiven in Ap
34、pendix X1. In addition, the span shall be designed to have adequate stiffness to limit deflection as given in Section 8.9of AASHTO Standard Specification for Highway Bridges (latest edition).NOTE 3Construction procedures, such as heavy equipment movement or stockpiling of material over or adjacent t
35、o a box structure, can induce higherloads than those used for the structures final design. These construction and surcharge loads are approved as long as the final steel areas in the box arelarger than those the box will experience in the final installation condition. The design engineer should take
36、 into consideration the potential for higherloads induced by construction procedures in determining the final design of the box structure.7.3 Placement of ReinforcementThe cover of concrete over the circumferential reinforcement shall be 25 mm, subject to theprovisions of Section 12. The inside circ
37、umferential reinforcement shall extend into the tongue portion of the joint and the outsidecircumferential reinforcement shall extend into the groove portion of the joint. The clear distance of the end circumferential wiresshall be not less than 13 mm nor more than 50 mm from the ends of the box sec
38、tion. Reinforcement shall be assembled utilizingany combination of single or multiple layers of welded-wire reinforcement. Multiple layers shall not be separated by more thanthe thickness of one longitudinal wire plus 6 mm. The multiple layers shall be fastened together to form a single cage. All ot
39、herspecification requirements such as laps, welds, and tolerances of placement in the wall of the box section shall apply to this methodof fabricating a reinforcement cage. A common reinforcement unit may be utilized for both As2 (or As3) and As4, and also for bothAs7 (or As8) and As1, with the larg
40、est area requirement governing, bending the reinforcement at the corners and waiving theextension requirements of Fig. 3 (see Fig. 5). When a single cage of multiple circumferential steel areas is used for As2 (or As3)and As4 reinforcement, the slab or wall requiring the larger steel area shall have
41、 this additional circumferential steel extending forthe full length of the slab or wall. The welded-wire reinforcement shall be composed of circumferential and longitudinal wiresmeeting the spacing requirements of 7.4 and shall contain sufficient longitudinal wires extending through the box section
42、tomaintain the shape and position of reinforcement. Longitudinal distribution reinforcement may be welded-wire reinforcement ordeformed billet-steel bars and shall meet the spacing requirements of 7.4. The ends of the longitudinal distribution reinforcementshall not be more than 2 in. from the ends
43、of the box section. The exposure of the ends of longitudinals, stirrups, and spacers usedto position the reinforcement shall not be a cause for rejection.7.4 Laps, Welds, and SpacingSplices in the circumferential reinforcement shall be made by lapping. The overlap measuredbetween the outermost longi
44、tudinal wires of each reinforcement sheet shall not be less than the spacing of the longitudinal wiresplus 50 mm but not less than 250 mm. If As1 is extended to the middle of either slab and connected, welded splices are notFIG. 1 Typical Box SectionsC1433M 183prohibited in the connection. When used
45、, As7 and As8 shall be lapped with As1 as shown in Figs. 5 and 6 (see also Fig. 7 and Fig.8). If welds are made to circumferential reinforcement, they shall be made only to selected circumferential wires that are not lessthan 450 mm apart along the longitudinal axis of the box section. Also, when sp
46、acers are welded to circumferential wires, theyshall be welded only to these selected circumferential wires. There shall be no welding to other circumferential wires, except itis not prohibited for As4 to be lapped and welded at any location or connected by welding at the corners to As2 and As3. No
47、weldsshall be made to As2 or As3 circumferential wires in the middle third of the span (see Fig. 9 for welding restrictions). Whendistribution reinforcement is to be fastened to a cage by welding, it shall be welded only to longitudinal wires and only near theends of the box section. If welds are ma
48、de to Grade 420 reinforcing bars, weldable bars conforming to Specification A706/A706Mshall be used. The spacing center to center of the circumferential wires shall not be less than 50 mm nor more than 100 mm. Thespacing center to center of the longitudinal wires shall not be more than 200 mm.FIG. 2
49、 Section A-A Top and Bottom Slab Joint ReinforcementFIG. 3 Detail Inner ReinforcementFIG. 4 Detail Option (see Fig. 3)C1433M 1848. Installation8.1 The successful performance of this product depends upon proper installation as the soil/structure interaction is consideredin the design. The effects of this interaction are highlighted in Note 1 and Note 3. The precast reinforced concrete box section/soilsystem shall be constructed to conform to Practice C1675 for the installation conditions assumed for design and in accordance withthe dimensions and requirem
