1、Designation: C 1485 06Standard Test Method forCritical Radiant Flux of Exposed Attic Floor Insulation Usingan Electric Radiant Heat Energy Source1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1485; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in
2、 the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure for measuring thecritical radiant flux of expo
3、sed attic floor insulation subjectedto a flaming ignition source in a graded radiant heat energyenvironment inside a test chamber. The test specimen can beany attic floor insulation. This test method is not applicable tothose insulations that melt or shrink away when exposed to theradiant heat energ
4、y environment or the ignition source.1.2 This test method measures the critical radiant flux at thefarthest point to which the flame advances. It provides a meansfor relative classification of a fire test response standard forexposed attic floor insulation. The imposed radiant flux simu-lation level
5、s of thermal radiation are likely to impinge on thesurface of exposed attic insulation from roof assemblies heatedby the sun and by heat or flames of an incidental fire whichmay involve an attic space. This test method is intended tosimulate an important element of fire exposure that maydevelop in o
6、pen attics, but is not intended for use in describingflame spread behavior of insulation installed other than on anattic floor.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe th
7、eresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flameunder controlled conditions, but dose not by itself incorporateall factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of thematerial, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.5 This standard does not purport to addr
8、ess all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 168 Terminol
9、ogy Relating to Thermal InsulationE 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:CRF Calibration Form33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this specification, seeTerminology C 168.3.2 Definitions of T
10、erms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 critical radiant flux (CRF)the level of incidentradiant heat energy on the attic floor insulation system at themost distant flame-out point in W/cm.2(Btu/ft2s).3.2.2 flux profilethe curve relating incident radiant heatenergy on the specimen plane to distance from
11、 the point ofinitiation of flaming ignition, that is, 0.0 cm. (0.0 in.).3.2.3 graded radiant energythe heating element is placedon an angled plain.3.2.4 total flux meterthe instrument used to measure thelevel of radiant heat energy incident on the specimen plane ata given point.3.2.5 screedgently re
12、move the excess material using ametal straight edge to leave a uniform surface on the insulationflush with the top of the container.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C16 on ThermalInsulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.31 on Chemical andPhysical Pr
13、operties.Current edition approved April 1, 2006. Published May 2006. Originallyapproved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as C1485012For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards
14、 volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.ADJC1485. Original adjunct produced in 2006.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Unit
15、ed States.3.2.6 voltage regulatora regulated constant voltage trans-former equipped with a voltmeter shall be connected betweenthe chamber and the power source. This will be maintained at115 6 5 volts.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A horizontally mounted insulation specimen is exposedto the heat from
16、an electric radiant heat energy panel locatedabove and inclined at 30 to the specimen. After a shortpreheat, the hottest end of the specimen is ignited with a smallflame. The distance to the farthest advance of flaming ismeasured, converted to watts per square centimeter from apreviously prepared gr
17、aph of the radiant flux profile, andreported as the critical radiant flux.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is designed to provide a basis forestimating one aspect of the fire exposure behavior of exposedinsulation installed on the floor of an open attic. The testenvironment is intended to
18、 simulate attic floor exposure toradiant heat conditions. Radiant heat has been observed anddefined in full-scale attic experiments.6. Apparatus6.1 Radiant Panel Test Chamber:NOTE 1Hardware Description for Electric Radiant Panel in Fig. 1:1. Toggle switch2. Exhaust fan3. Thermometer4. Aluminum flat
19、welded on under side of angle for rod support5.1cm(38 in.) rod (ready bolt)6. Electric heat element (650 watt chromalox7. Aluminum angle 2.5 cm (1 in.) (tray slide rails)8. Aluminum angle 4 cm (1.5 in.) (all framing)9. Lock nuts for rods10. Viewing glass 6 mm (14 in.)11. Cement board or ceramic tile
20、 backerboard 6 mm (14 in.)12. Flat aluminum with holes for rod and heat element twisted to fitNOTE 2Measurements Electric Radiant Panel in Fig. 1:A. 32.5 cm (13 in.) H. 71 cm (28 in.) O. 20 cm (8 in.)B. 10 cm (4in.) I. 60cm (24 in.) refer-enceP.7.5cm(3in.)C. 13 cm (5 in.) point Q. 16 cm (6.25 in.)D.
21、 25.5 cm (10 in.) J. 33 cm (13 in.) R. 80 cm (32 in.)E. 30.5 cm (12 in.) K. 57 cm (23 in.) S. 20 cm (8 in.)F.57mm(2.25in.) L.65cm(26in.) T.7.5cm(3in.)G. 25.5mm (10 in.) M. 19 cm (7.5 in.)N. 33 cm (13.25 in.)6.1.1 Cabinet, consists of an angle aluminum frame facedon four sides with cement fiber board
22、 or ceramic tile backer-board 6 mm (14 in.) and approximate overall dimensions of 80cm (32 in.) high by 71 cm (28 in.) long by 30 cm (12 in.) deepwith a viewing window along the front side and a verticalcement fiber board sliding on the right-hand end.6.1.2 Specimen Holder, an open-top 0.16 mm (2226
23、 U.S.standard gage) thick stainless steel sheet with the vertical edgesof the tray overlapped, not to exceed 7 mm (0.273 in.) in seamwidth, and joined to be watertight. Tray with outside dimensionmeasuring exactly 60 cm (24 in.) long, by 15 cm (6 in.) wideby 5.0 cm (2 in.) deep.6.1.3 Radiant Heat En
24、ergy Source, consists of a 110 V, 650W, 1.3 cm (12 in.) diameter heating element that is 35 cm (14in.) long, mounted in a stainless steel reflector with overalldimensions of 49 cm (19.5 in.) long by 9.5 cm (3.75 in.) wide.The heater is mounted inside the cabinet at a 30 angle to thehorizontal rising
25、 away from the door.6.1.4 Dial Temperature Gage, shall be a panel mount typeattached onto the front of the cabinet to monitor the interiorcabinet temperature and placed in the back upper left quadrantat 7.5 cm (3 in.) from the top and 20 cm (8 in.) from the back.The gauge shall have a range of 0 to
26、121C (32 to 250F)graduated in 2C (2F) increments.6.1.5 Exhaust Fan, shall be mounted into the top of thecabinet at the opposite end from the door, unobstructed air flowout. The fan is 76 mm (3 in.) in diameter, 0.76 cmm (30 cfm),operating on 120 V.6.1.6 Control Switches, two toggle switches are moun
27、ted onthe top of the cabinet adjacent to the fan and are used toenergize the exhaust fan and radiant energy source. Householdswitches have worked well.6.1.7 EnvironmentThe radiant panel test chamber em-ployed for this test shall be located in a draft-protected area andmaintained at 21 6 2C (70 6 4F)
28、 and a relative humidity of50 6 20 %.6.1.8 A Reliable 115 6 5 Volts Power Source,7. Calibration and Standardization Apparatus7.1 Apparatus:7.1.1 Total Flux Meter:7.1.1.1 Overall Dimensions15 cm (6 in.) 3 15 cm (6 in.)3 10 cm (4 in.),7.1.1.2 All metal case,7.1.1.3 110v AC (high impedance),7.1.1.4 Cal
29、ibrated to a national standard,7.1.1.5 Direct readout in W/cm,2shall read to three decimalplaces.7.1.2 Heat Flux Transducer:7.1.2.1 Range0 to 1.5 W/cm,27.1.2.2 Water cooled, and7.1.2.3 Calibrated to a national standard.7.1.3 Dummy Specimen Calibration Board:7.1.3.1 Overall Dimensions5 cm (2 in.) 3 6
30、0 cm (24 in.)3 15 cm (6 in.), and7.1.3.2 Centered Calibration Hole2.5 cm (1 in.) in diam-eter centered on and along the centerline at 10 cm (4 in.), 20 cm(8 in.), 30 cm (12 in.), 40 cm (16 in.), and 50 cm (20 in.)locations (within 6 0.1 cm) measured from the zero referenceat the maximum flux end of
31、the specimen.7.2 Radiant Heat Energy Flux Profile Standardization:7.2.1 Place heat flux meter within1m(3ft.) of the radiantpanel.7.2.2 Connect either of the cooling lines of the heat fluxtransducer to a tap water outlet. Connect the other side todischarge and drain (plastic tubing obtainable at a ha
32、rdwarestore will work).7.2.3 Establish a flow of 300 to 700 mL/min.7.2.4 Plug the heat flux meter into the voltage regulator.7.2.5 The heat flux transducer should be connected to theheat flux meter.C1485062See Notes 1 and 2 in 6.1 for hardware description and measurements.FIG. 1 Electric Radiant Pan
33、el CabinetC1485063NOTE 3Check the reflector on the radiant heat source to see that it isclean. If it needs cleaned, do so before it is turned on for calibration. Heatflux transducer and heat flux meter must be calibrated together to astandard source. They are not interchangeable between calibrations
34、periods to a standard reference.7.2.6 Turn on the radiant panel heat element and let it heatup to a steady-state temperature. Normally this takes about onehour. The steady-state temperature of the radiant panel cabinetis 49 6 5C (120 6 10F) which is measured by thethermometer above the radiant heat
35、element. However, thecabinet temperature is very dependent on the room tempera-ture. If the room temperature varies, so may the calibration.Reaffirm the cooling water flow and allow the meter to stabilizewhich could take up to 10 to 15 min. Water temperature shouldbe approximately 21C (70F) to avoid
36、 condensation on heatflux transducer.7.2.7 Open the sample entry door and place the dummyspecimen on the slide rails. Push the dummy specimen in untilit is flush with the rear wall of the panel and allow threeminutes to preheat.7.2.8 Insert the heat flux transducer into the 10 cm (4 in.)hole of the
37、dummy board, making certain that the silver ringring larger than 2.54 cm(1.0 in.) that will not go through thedummy board hole is flush with the bottom of the dummyspecimen, and parallel to the plain of the dummy specimen.Leave the transducer in position for thirty seconds or until itgives a stable
38、reading. Read the value on the heat flux meter tothree significant digits.NOTE 4The value on the heat flux meter is in watts per centimetresquared (W/cm2).7.2.9 Record the reading obtained.7.2.10 Move the transducer to the 20 cm (8 in.), 30 cm (12in.), 40 cm (16 in.) and 50 cm (20 in.) calibration h
39、oles andfollow the procedure in 6.2.8.7.2.11 Remove the dummy board from the radiant panel.7.2.12 With a french curve carefully draw a smooth linethrough the data points in plotting the W/cm2values for eachpoint 10 cm (4 in.), 20 cm (8 in.), 30 cm (12 in.), 40 cm (16in.), and 50 cm (20 in.) on graph
40、 paper 20 3 20 per in.). Thiswill be the calibration curve or flux profile curve.8. Sample Preparation and Conditioning (See Fig. 4)8.1 Sample PreparationBlow the sample materialthrough a commercial insulation blower using 30.0 of 5.0 cm(100 ft of 2 in.) hose into a box while holding the hosehorizon
41、tally at a height of 122 cm (4 ft).8.2 Condition the samples to equilibrium at 21 6 2.0C (706 3.6F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity in an open-top meshbottom container not exceeding 10.0 cm (4 in.) in depth andposition in such a way to allow free movement of air on theexposed sides. A change in net w
42、eight of the specimen that isless than 1 % in two consecutive measurements with 24 hbetween each measurement constitutes equilibrium.9. Test Procedure9.1 With the specimen tray removed from the chamber, turnon the two toggle switches located in the top back of theinstrument.9.2 Allow the heat elemen
43、t to preheat, the cabinet tempera-ture will come to an operating temperature of 49 6 5C (1206 10F). This may take around 1 h. Record the steady-statecabinet temperature.9.3 Pour or scoop pre-blown and conditioned insulation intothe specimen tray until the material overflows.9.4 Using a metal straigh
44、t edge (or equivalent), slowlyscreed off the material level with the upper edges of thespecimen tray.Hardware Description for Specimen Tray in Figs. 2-4. Open top box 0.16 mm(0.024 in.) thick (2226 US standard gage) stainless steel sheet with the verticaledges of the box overlapped not to exceed 7 m
45、m (0.273 in.) in seam width, andjoined to be watertight.Measurements for Specimen Tray in Fig. 2:BA. 60 cm (24 in.)BB. 15 cm (6 in.)BC. 5cm(2in.)FIG. 2 Specimen TrayHardware Description for Dummy Specimen Calibration Board in Fig. 3:4. Calcium silicate board or cement board5. Aluminum angle 2.5 cm (
46、1 in.) (slide rails)6. Bolt or screw to hold board to angleMeasurements for Dummy Specimen Calibration Board:AA. 60 cm (24 in.) ExactAB. 15 cm (6 in.)AC. 2.5 cm (1 in.)AD. 19 mm (.75 in.)AE. 10 cm (4 in.)AF. 2.5cm (1 in.) drilled holeFIG. 3 Dummy Specimen Calibration BoardC1485064FIG. 4 Example Curv
47、eC14850659.5 The specimen should be taken to the testing area andallowed to stabilize for 10 min to room temperature.9.6 Open the cabinet door, insert the filled sample tray,making certain that the tray is flush against the opposite end ofthe chamber.9.7 Close the entry door and allow the specimen t
48、o condi-tion for a period of 3 min.9.8 At the end of the 3 min conditioning period, open theentry door and ignite the specimen at high flux end, using anappropriate flame source. Close door immediately.NOTE 5An appropriate flame source is a fireplace match.9.9 Allow the specimen to burn until flame-
49、out.9.10 Upon flame-out, remove the specimen tray, measurethe distance from the outside of the tray at the ignition end tothe maximum burn point and record.9.11 If the chamber temperature is above the chambersteady-state temperature previously recorded, allow it to comeback to that temperature before the next test is started.9.12 Repeat 8.3 thru 8.11 for a total of three tests, using newspecimen material for each test.10. Interpretation of Results10.1 After determining the three burn distances, refer to thecalibration curve for the determina
