1、Designation: C149 14Standard Test Method forThermal Shock Resistance of Glass Containers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C149; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number
2、in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relativ
3、eresistance of commercial glass containers (bottles and jars) tothermal shock and is intended to apply to all types of glasscontainers that are required to withstand sudden temperaturechanges (thermal shock) in service such as in washing,pasteurization, or hot pack processes, or in being transferred
4、from a warm to a colder medium or vice versa.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility
5、of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C224 Practice for Sampling Glass Containers2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:Apparatus for thermal shock test of glass
6、 containers (6Drawings)33. Apparatus3.1 The apparatus shall consist essentially of a basket forholding the glassware upright, two tanks, one containing hotwater and one containing cold water, and an automaticallytimed means for immersing and transferring the basket ofbottles from the hot to the cold
7、 bath. A suitable type ofapparatus is illustrated in Fig. 1.33.2 A device shall be provided to maintain the temperatureof the baths within 61.1C (2F) of the specified temperatures.Indicating controllers that control the heating of the hot waterand the cooling of the cold water are recommended. Other
8、wisedial thermometers should be attached and the temperaturescontrolled manually.3.3 The capacity of each tank shall be at least 3.8 L (1 gal)for each 0.45 kg (1 lb) of glass tested.4. Sampling4.1 Methods of sampling a minimum lot from a group ofcontainers of a given type are given in Practice C224,
9、 for thevarious situations to which it may apply.5. Procedure5.1 Adjust the temperatures of the baths so that the coldbath is at 21C (70F) and the hot bath is at a temperaturehotter than the cold bath by a specified differential, preferably42C. As a result, the first immersion temperature will be 63
10、C(145F, or a differential of approximately 75F) (Note 1). Fill,or partially fill, the basket, with empty bottles, and when thetemperatures of the baths are within 6 1.1C (2F) of thosespecified immerse the basket in the hot bath in such a mannerthat the bottles become completely filled with hot water
11、, allowto soak for 5 min, transfer to the cold bath, and immerse for 30s, and then remove from the cold bath. Control the 5-minimmersion in the hot bath within 10 s, and the time of transferfrom the hot to the cold bath shall be 15 6 1 s. During the test,protect the apparatus from drafts in a shelte
12、red area. Observethe number of containers failing in the test by individualinspection of each.NOTE 1If a cold bath temperature other than 21C (70F) is used, thespecified differential may be decreased (increased) by 0.5C (1F) for eachincrease (decrease) of 5.6C (10F) above (below) the recommended col
13、dbath temperature.5.2 Use one of the following test procedures dependingupon the purpose of the test.5.2.1 Pass TestApply the test at a predetermined differen-tial. This pass test is sufficient for the routine testing of samplesfrom continuous production in a manufacturers plant.5.2.2 Progressive Te
14、st (to a Predetermined Percent ofBreakage)Where it may be desirable to conduct the test as a1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C14 on Glassand Glass Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C14.07 onGlass Containers.Current edition approved May 1, 2014. Pu
15、blished July 2014. Originally approvedin 1939. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as C149 86 (2010). DOI:10.1520/C0149-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,
16、 refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Detailed drawings are available from ASTM International Headquarters. OrderAdjunct No. ADJC0149.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1measurement test, the te
17、st described in 5.1 may be repeated, thetemperature differential being increased, stepwise, by uniformincrements (usually 2.8 or 5.6C (5 or 10F) each step) byincreasing the temperature of the hot water bath, until thepredetermined percent of containers is broken.5.2.3 Progressive Test (Total)As an a
18、lternative to theprogressive test described in 5.2.2, the progressive test may becontinued until all of the containers fail.5.2.4 High-Level TestA single test at a predetermineddifferential sufficiently high to break a portion of the samplemay be made.6. Report6.1 Report the following information:6.
19、1.1 Report of method of sampling (see Practice C224),6.1.2 Number of containers from each mold included in thesample,6.1.3 Time of transfer used,6.1.4 Results of test (use one of the following depending onthe kind of test):6.1.4.1 For the pass test in accordance with 5.2.1: (1)temperature differenti
20、al used, and (2) number of containers thatfailed in the test.6.1.4.2 For the progressive test in accordance with 5.2.2:(1)differential at which the first failure occurred and number ofcontainers that failed at that differential, and (2) differentialrequired to cause failure of the predetermined perc
21、ent of thesample, interpolated to the nearest 0.5C (1F).6.1.4.3 For the progressive test in accordance with 5.2.3:(1)differentials used in test and number of containers that failed ateach differential, and (2) average differential of failure (cor-rected for the size of the temperature increment or s
22、tep used bysubtracting one half of the increment; for example, 1.4C(2.5F) for a 3C (5F) increment).6.1.4.4 For the high-level test in accordance with 5.2.4:(1)differential used in the test, and (2) number of containers thatfailed at that differential.7. Precision and Bias7.1 Statements regarding eit
23、her precision or bias of thethermal shock test results are not possible because suitablethermal shock reference test materials are not available.7.2 Test method precision is within 61.11C (62F). Testmethod bias is within 61.11C (62F).8. Keywords8.1 glass containers; thermal shockFIG. 1 Automatic The
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