1、Designation: C14M 15C14M 15aStandard Specification forNonreinforced Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and CulvertPipe (Metric)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C14M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification cove
3、rs nonreinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes,storm water, and for the construction of culverts.1.2 This specification is the metric counterpart of Specification C14.NOTE 1This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specification only and d
4、oes not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or therelationship between field load condition and the strength classification of pipe. However, experience has shown that the successful performance of thisproduct depends upon the proper selection of the class of pipe, type of bedding and backfi
5、ll, and care that the installation conforms to the constructionspecifications. The owner is cautioned that he must correlate the field requirements with the class of pipe specified and provide for or require inspectionat the construction site.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33C33/C33M Sp
6、ecification for Concrete AggregatesC150C150/C150M Specification for Portland CementC260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for ConcreteC309 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing ConcreteC443M Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe and Manholes, Using Rubbe
7、r Gaskets (Metric)C494C494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for ConcreteC497M Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or Tile (Metric)C595C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Con
8、creteC822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related ProductsC989C989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and MortarsC1017/C1017M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Use in Producing Flowing ConcreteC1116C1116/C1116M Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete and Sh
9、otcreteC1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in the Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This StandardFor definitions of terms relating to concrete pipe, see Terminology C822.4. Classification4.1 Pipe manufactured according to this spec
10、ification shall be of three classes identified as “Class 1 Nonreinforced ConcretePipe,” “Class 2 Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe,” and “Class 3 Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe.” The corresponding strengthrequirements are prescribed in Table 1.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee
11、C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.01 on Non-ReinforcedConcrete Sewer, Drain and Irrigation Pipe.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2015Oct. 1, 2015. Published January 2015October 2015. Originally approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 20142015 asC14
12、M 14.C14M 15. DOI: 10.1520/C0014M-15.10.1520/C0014M-15A.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This
13、document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions
14、 as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15. Basis of Acceptance5.1 The acceptability of the pi
15、pe shall be determined by the results of the test prescribed in this section, when required, and byinspection to determine whether the pipe conforms to this specification as to design and freedom from defects.5.2 Acceptance as to Strength PropertiesPipe shall be acceptable under the strength tests w
16、hen they have met the requirementsas prescribed in 10.3.5.3 Acceptance as to Absorption PropertiesPipe shall be acceptable under the absorption test when they have met therequirements as prescribed in 10.4.5.4 Acceptance as to Permeability PropertiesPipe shall be acceptable under the permeability te
17、st when they have met therequirements as prescribed in 10.5.NOTE 2Prior to purchase, the owner has the option to specify the hydrostatic test prescribed in 10.6 instead of the permeability test.5.5 Acceptance as to Hydrostatic PropertiesPipe shall be acceptable under the hydrostatic test when they h
18、ave met therequirements as prescribed in 10.6.6. Materials6.1 ConcreteThe concrete shall consist of cementitious materials, mineral aggregates, admixtures, if used, and water.6.2 Cementitious Materials:6.2.1 CementCement shall conform to the requirements for portland cement of Specification C150C150
19、/C150M or shall beportland blast-furnace slag cement, or slag modified portland portland-limestone cement, or portland-pozzolan cement conformingto the requirements of Specification C595C595/C595M, except that the pozzolan constitutient in the Type IP portland-pozzolancement shall be fly ash.6.2.2 F
20、ly AshFly ash shall conform to the requirements of Specification C618, Class F or Class C.6.2.3 Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS)Slag CementGGBFS Slag cement shall conform to the requirementsof Grade 100 or 120 of Specification C989C989/C989M.6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious M
21、aterialsThe combination of cementitious materials used in the concrete shallbe one of the following:6.2.4.1 Portland cement only,6.2.4.2 Portland blast furnace blast-furnace slag cement only,6.2.4.3 Slag modified portland Portland-pozzolan cement only,6.2.4.4 Portland pozzolan Portland-limestone cem
22、ent only,6.2.4.5 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement and fly ash,6.2.4.6 A combination of portland cement and ground granulated blast-furnace slag, oror portland-limestone cement and slagcement,6.2.4.7 A combination of portland cement, fly ash (not to exceed 25 % of the tot
23、al cementitious weight) and ground granulatedblast furnace slag (not to exceed 25 % of the total cementitious weight).cement or portland-limestone cement, fly ash, and slagcement, or6.2.4.8 A combination of portland-pozzolan cement and fly ash.6.3 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to Specification
24、C33C33/C33M, except that the requirement for gradation shall notapply.TABLE 1 Physical and Dimensional Requirements for Nonreinforced Concrete PipeAInternal DesignatedDiameter, mmClass 1 Class 2 Class 3MinimumThickness of Wall,mmMinimum Three-EdgeBearing Strength, kN/linear mMinimumThickness of Wall
25、,mmMinimum Three-EdgeBearing Strength, kN/linear mMinimumThickness of Wall,mmMinimum Three-EdgeBearing Strength, kN/linear m100 16 22.0 19 29.0 19 35.0150 16 22.0 19 29.0 22 35.0200 19 22.0 22 29.0 29 35.0250 22 23.5 25 29.0 32 35.0300 25 26.5 35 33.0 44 38.0375 32 29.0 41 38.0 47 42.0450 38 32.0 50
26、 44.0 57 48.0525 44 35.0 57 48.0 69 56.0600 54 38.0 75 52.5 85 64.0675 82 41.0 94 57.5 94 67.0750 88 44.0 107 63.0 107 69.5825 94 46.0 113 64.0 113 71.0900 100 48.0 119 65.5 119 73.0ASubject to tolerance in Section 11.C14M 15a26.4 AdmixturesAdmixtures The following admixtures and blends shall confor
27、m to Specification are allowable:C494.6.4.1 Air-entraining admixture conforming to Specification C260/C260M;6.4.2 Chemical admixture conforming to Specification C494/C494M;6.4.3 Chemical admixture for use in producing flowing concrete conforming to Specification C1017/C1017M; and6.4.4 Chemical admix
28、ture or blend approved by the owner.6.5 FibersSynthetic fibers and Non-Syntheticnon-synthetic fibers shall be allowed to be used, at the manufacturers option,in concrete pipe as a nonstructural manufacturing material. Synthetic fibers (Type II and Type III) and Non-Synthetic fiber (TypeI) designed a
29、nd manufactured specifically for use in concrete and conforming to the requirements of Specification C1116C1116/C1116M shall be accepted.6.6 WaterWater used in the production of concrete shall be potable or nonpotable water that meets the requirements ofSpecification C1602/C1602M.7. Design7.1 Design
30、 TablesDesign requirements shall be in accordance with Table 1.Wall thickness used shall be not less than the valueshown, except as affected by the tolerance herein specified and by the provision for modified design.7.2 Modified or Special DesignManufacturers shall submit to the owner for approval,
31、prior to manufacture, wall thicknessesother than those shown in Table 1. Such pipe shall meet all of the physical requirements listed in Section 10 that are specified bythe owner.8. Joints8.1 The joints shall be of such design and the ends of the concrete pipe sections so formed, that the pipe can b
32、e laid togetherto make a continuous line of pipe compatible with the permissible variations given in Section 11.9. Manufacture9.1 MixtureThe aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, and mixed with such proportions of cementitious materials,water, and admixtures, if any, to produce a thorough
33、ly mixed concrete of such quality that the pipe will conform to the test anddesign requirements of this specification.All concrete shall have a water-cementitious materials ratio not exceeding 0.53 by weight.Cementitious materials shall be as specified in 6.2 and shall be added to the mix in a propo
34、rtion not less than 280 kg/m3 unlessmix designs with a lower cementitious materials content demonstrate that the quality and performance of the pipe meet therequirements of this specification.9.2 CuringPipe shall be subjected to any one of the methods of curing described in 9.2.1 through 9.2.4 or to
35、 any other methodor combination of methods approved by the owner that will give satisfactory results. The pipe shall be adequately cured to obtainthe strength properties as prescribed in 5.2.9.2.1 Steam CuringPipe shall be placed in a curing chamber, free from outside drafts, and cured in a moist at
36、mospheremaintained by the injection of steam for such time and such temperature as needed to enable the pipe to meet the strengthrequirements. The curing chamber shall be so constructed as to allow full circulation of steam around the entire pipe.9.2.2 Water CuringConcrete pipe shall be water-cured
37、by covering with water-saturated material or by a system of perforatedpipes, mechanical sprinklers, porous hose, or by any other approved method that will keep the pipe moist during the specifiedcuring period.9.2.3 The manufacturer is not prohibited from combining the methods described in 9.2.1 and
38、9.2.2 provided the specifiedstrength is attained.9.2.4 Membrane CuringA sealing membrane conforming to the requirements of Specification C309 is not prohibited frombeing applied and left intact until the specified strength requirements are met.The concrete at the time of application shall be within6
39、C of the atmospheric temperature. All surfaces shall be kept moist prior to the application of the compounds and shall be dampwhen the compound is applied.9.3 Specials:9.3.1 General RequirementsSpecial shapes or fittings such as wyes, tees, bends, and adapters for use with concrete pipeconforming to
40、 this specification shall conform to the applicable requirements for concrete pipe of corresponding class and internaldiameter. Joints shall be compatible with those used in adjoining concrete pipes.9.3.2 Fabricated BranchesFabricated branches for wyes and tees shall be securely attached to the wall
41、 of the pipe in such amanner as not to restrict or otherwise interfere with the flow characteristics of the pipe.10. Physical Requirements10.1 Test SpecimenThe specified number of pipe required for the tests shall be furnished by the manufacturer and shall beselected at random by the owner, and shal
42、l be pipe that would not otherwise be rejected under this specification. The selection shallbe made at the point or points designated by the owner when placing the order. The test pipe shall first be freed from all visiblemoisture. When dry, each pipe shall be measured and inspected. The results of
43、these observations shall be recorded.C14M 15a310.2 Number and Type of Test Specimens RequiredThe manufacturer or seller shall furnish pipe for crushing and absorptiontests, up to 0.5 % of the number of pipe of each size included in the order, except that in no case shall less than two pipe befurnish
44、ed. For the permeability test, 2 % of the number of pipe of each size included in the order, but in no case less than two pipeshall be furnished. For the hydrostatic test, 0.5 % of the number of pipe of each size included in the order, but in no case less thantwo pipe shall be furnished.10.3 Externa
45、l Load Crushing RequirementThe crushing strength of nonreinforced concrete pipe shall conform to therequirements prescribed in Table 1. The individual results of the various tests for each size of pipe and for each shipment and plantshall be tabulated separately.The crushing strength shall ordinaril
46、y be applied to not less than 75 % of the pipe received for purposeof test. All tests shall be made in accordance with Test Method C497M. Pipe shall be acceptable when all test pipe conform to thespecified requirement. Should any of the test pipe provided in 10.2 fail to meet the strength requiremen
47、t, the manufacturer will beallowed to test two pipe for each pipe that failed, and the pipe shall be acceptable only when all of these additional test pipe meetthe strength requirement.10.4 Absorption RequirementWhen required by the owner, an absorption test shall be performed by either Test Method
48、A orTest Method B in accordance with Test Methods C497M for the boiling absorption test. Absorption shall not exceed 9 % for TestMethod A or 8.5 % for Test Method B. The individual results of the various tests for each size of pipe and for each shipment andplant shall be tabulated separately.All tes
49、ts shall be made in accordance with Test Methods C497M. The number of absorption testspecimens shall be equal to the number of pipe provided for crushing strength testing. These specimens shall be obtained from pipethat are acceptable as to strength, and shall be taken from pipe used in making the strength test after the test is made. Thesespecimens shall be marked with the number or identification mark of the pipe from which they were taken. Each Test Method Aspecimen shall have an area of 77 to 129 cm2, as measured on one surface of the pipe,
