1、Designation: C1504M 151C1504M 15aStandard Specification forManufacture of Precast Reinforced Concrete Three-SidedStructures for Culverts and Storm Drains (Metric)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1504M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigina
2、l adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1 NOTEEditorial correction was made in April 2015.1. Scope1.1 This specificati
3、on covers single-cell precast conventionally reinforced concrete three-sided structures intended to be usedfor the construction of culverts and for the conveyance of storm water.1.2 This specification is the metric counterpart of Specification C1504; therefore, no imperial (metric) equivalents are p
4、resentedin this specification.NOTE 1This specification is primarily a manufacturing and purchasing specification. The successful performance of this product depends upon theproper selection of the geometric section, bedding, backfill, and care that the installation conforms to the construction speci
5、fications. The purchaser ofthe precast reinforced concrete three-sided structure specified herein is cautioned that proper correlation of the loading conditions and the fieldrequirements with the geometric section specified and provisions for inspection at the construction site are required.1.3 The
6、values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the s
7、tandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A1064/A1064M Specification for Carbon-Steel Wire and Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for ConcreteA615/A615M Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA706/A706M Specification for Deformed and Pla
8、in Low-Alloy Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA1064/A1064M Specification for Carbon-Steel Wire and Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for ConcreteC31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the FieldC33C33/C33M Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test
9、 Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete SpecimensC150C150/C150M Specification for Portland CementC260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for ConcreteC309 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing ConcreteC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admix
10、tures for ConcreteC497M Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or Tile (Metric)C595C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related Produ
11、ctsC989C989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and MortarsC1017/C1017M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Use in Producing Flowing ConcreteC1116C1116/C1116M Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete and ShotcreteC1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in the Pr
12、oduction of Hydraulic Cement Concrete1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.07 on AcceptanceSpecifications and Precast Concrete Box Sections.Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2015Oct. 1, 2015. Publish
13、ed January 2015October 2015. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 20142015 asC1504M 14.C1504M 151. DOI: 10.1520/C1504M-15.10.1520/C1504M-15A.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual B
14、ook of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be tech
15、nically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO
16、Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.2 AASHTO Standard:AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications32.3 ACI Standard:ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary43. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms, see Terminology C822.4. Types4.1 Pr
17、ecast reinforced concrete three-sided structures manufactured in accordance with this specification shall be designated byspan, rise, and design earth cover.5. Basis of Acceptance5.1 Acceptability of the three-sided sections produced in accordance with Section 7 shall be determined by the results of
18、 theconcrete compressive strength tests described in Section 10, by the material requirements described in Section 6, and by inspectionof the finished three-sided sections.5.2 Three-sided sections shall be considered ready for acceptance when they conform to the requirements of this specification.6.
19、 Materials6.1 Reinforced ConcreteThe reinforced concrete shall consist of cementitious materials, mineral aggregates aggregates,admixtures if used, and water, in which steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act together.6.2 Cementitious Materials:6.2.1 CementCement shal
20、l conform to the requirements for portland cement of Specification C150C150/C150M or shall beportland blast-furnace slag cement cement, portland-limestone cement, or portland-pozzolan cement conforming to therequirements of Specification C595C595/C595M, except that the pozzolan constituent in the Ty
21、pe IP portland pozzolan cementshall be fly ash.6.2.2 Fly AshFly ash shall conform to the requirements of Specification C618, Class F or Class C.6.2.3 Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag (GGBFS)Slag CementGGBFS Slag cement shall conform to the requirementsof Grade 100 or 120 of Specification C989C98
22、9/C989M.6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious MaterialsThe combination of cementitious materials used in concrete shall beone of the following:(1) Portland cement only,(2) Portland blast-furnace slag cement only,(3) Portland pozzolan cement only,(4) A combination of portland cement and fly as
23、h,(5) A combination of portland cement and ground granulated blast-furnace slag,(6) A combination of portland cement, ground granulated blast furnace slag, and fly ash.(7) A combination of portland pozzolan cement and fly ash.6.2.4.1 Portland cement only,6.2.4.2 Portland blast-furnace slag cement on
24、ly,6.2.4.3 Portland-pozzolan cement only,6.2.4.4 Portland-limestone cement only,6.2.4.5 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement and fly ash,6.2.4.6 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement and slag cement,6.2.4.7 A combination of portland cement or portland
25、-limestone cement, slag cement, and fly ash, or6.2.4.8 A combination of portland-pozzolan cement and fly ash.6.3 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to Specification C33C33/C33M, except that the requirements for gradation shall notapply.6.4 Admixtures and BlendsAdmixturesAdmixtures The following admi
26、xtures and blends shall conform to Specification areallowable:C494/C494M.6.4.1 Air-entraining admixture conforming to Specification C260/C260M;6.4.2 Chemical admixture conforming to Specification C494/C494M;6.4.3 Chemical admixture for use in producing flowing concrete conforming to Specification C1
27、017/C1017M; and3 Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,http:/www.transportation.org.4 Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington Hills, MI 48333-9094, http:/
28、www.concrete.org.C1504M 15a26.4.4 Chemical admixture or blend approved by the owner.6.4.5 Air Entraining AdmixturesAir entraining will be required on all products produced with positive slump, wet-castconcrete, and shall conform to the requirements of Specification C260/C260M.6.5 Steel Reinforcement
29、Reinforcement shall consist of welded wire reinforcement conforming to Specification A1064/A1064M for steel wire and welded wire reinforcement, plain and deformed, for concrete. For circumferential reinforcement,deformed and plain steel bars for reinforced concrete are permitted conforming to Specif
30、ication A706/A706M or A615/A615M,Grade 420, and longitudinal distribution reinforcement shall consist of welded wire reinforcement or deformed billet-steel barsconforming to Specification A706/A706M or A615/A615M, Grade 420.NOTE 2This specification does not address reinforcement with prestressing st
31、rand or any other form of pre-tensioning or post-tensioning.6.6 Synthetic FibersCollated fibrillated virgin polypropylene fibers may be Synthetic fibers and nonsynthetic fibers shall beallowed to be used, at the manufacturersmanufacturers option, in three-sided structuresconcrete pipe as a nonstruct
32、uralmanufacturing material. Only type III synthetic fibers Synthetic fibers (Type II and Type III) and nonsynthetic fiber (Type I)designed and manufactured specifically for use in concrete and conforming to the requirements of Specification C1116C1116/C1116M shall be accepted.6.7 WaterWater used in
33、the production of concrete shall be potable or non-potable water that meets the requirements ofSpecification C1602/C1602M.7. Design7.1 Design CriteriaThe three-sided sections dimensions and reinforcement details shall be as required by design, inaccordance with Section 3, 5, and 12.14 of the America
34、n Association of State Highways and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)LRFD Bridge Design Specifications. The minimum concrete compressive strength shall be 35 MPa, and the minimum steel yieldstrength shall be 450 MPa for welded-wire reinforcement and 420 MPa for deformed billet-steel bars.7.2 Placeme
35、nt of ReinforcementThe minimum cover of concrete over the circumferential reinforcing diameter shall be 25 mmfor bar reinforcement and welded wire reinforcement for all structures up to 3.6 m in span and 38 mm for longer spans subjectto provisions of Section 11 for both bar reinforcement and welded
36、wire reinforcement.The clear distance of the end circumferentialwires shall be not less than 13 mm nor more than 50 mm from the ends of each section. For three-sided sections covered by lessthan 0.6 m of fill, minimum cover for the reinforcement in the top of the top slab shall be 50 mm, subject to
37、the provisions ofSection 11. Reinforcement shall be assembled utilizing any combination of single or multiple layers of welded-wire reinforcement,not to exceed three layers or utilizing single or multiple layers of deformed billet steel bars, not to exceed two layers. Thewelded-wire reinforcement on
38、 7.3 shall be composed of circumferential and longitudinal wires meeting the spacing requirementsof 7.3 and shall contain sufficient longitudinal wires extending through the three-sided section to maintain the shape and positionof reinforcement. Longitudinal distribution reinforcement may be welded-
39、wire reinforcement or deformed billet-steel bars andshall meet the spacing requirements of 7.3. The ends of the longitudinal distribution reinforcement shall not be more than 50 mmfrom the ends of a three-sided section. The exposure of the ends of longitudinals, stirrups, and spacers used to positio
40、n thereinforcement shall not be a cause for rejection.7.3 Laps, Welds, and SpacingSplices in the circumferential reinforcement shall be made by lapping. For welded wirereinforcement, the overlap measured between the outermost longitudinal wires of each reinforcement sheet or the outermost barsshall
41、not be less than the spacing of the longitudinal wires plus 50 mm but not less than 250 mm. For splices of deformed billetsteel bars, the overlap shall meet the requirements of AASHTO. The outside circumferential reinforcement in the top slab shallbe continuous with or be lapped with the outside cir
42、cumferential reinforcement in the sides. If welds are made to welded wirereinforcement circumferential reinforcement, they shall be made only to selected circumferential wires that are not less than 450mm apart along the longitudinal axis of the three-sided section. When spacers are welded to circum
43、ferential wires, they shall bewelded only to these selected circumferential wires. There shall be no welding to other circumferential wires. No welds shall bemade to the inside circumferential wires in the middle third of the top span. No welds shall be made to the outside circumferentialwires in th
44、e top span within one fourth of the span from the corners or in any location in either leg. Welding of deformed billetsteel bar circumferential reinforcement is prohibited in all cases. When distribution reinforcement is to be fastened to a cage bywelding, it shall be welded only to longitudinal wir
45、es or bars and only near the ends of the three-sided section. The spacing centerto center of the circumferential (wires) reinforcement shall not be less than 50 mm nor more than 100 mm for welded wirereinforcement or less than 50 mm nor more than 200 mm for deformed billet steel bars. The spacing ce
46、nter to center of thelongitudinal reinforcement shall not be more than 200 mm for welded wire reinforcement or more than 300 mm for deformed billetsteel bars. If welds are made to Grade 420 reinforcing bars, weldable bars conforming to Specification A706/A706M shall be used.8. Joints8.1 The precast
47、reinforced concrete three-sided structures shall be produced with tongue and groove ends, flat butt ends orkey-way ends. The ends shall be of such design and the ends of the three-sided sections so formed that each section can be laidtogether to make a continuous line of sections compatible with the
48、 permissible variations given in Section 11.C1504M 15a39. Manufacture9.1 MixtureThe aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, and mixed with cementitious materials and water andadmixture, if any, to produce a thoroughly mixed concrete of such quality that the structures will conform to the de
49、signrequirements of this specification. All concrete shall have a water-cementitious materials ratio not exceeding 0.53 by weightsexcept that for concrete exposed to cyclic freeze/thaw the water-cementitious materials ratio shall not exceed 0.45. Cementitiousmaterials shall be as specified in 6.2 and shall be added to the mix in a proportion not less than 280 kg/m3 unless mix designs witha lower cementitious materials content demonstrate that the quality and performance of the three-sided sections meet therequirements of this specification. Wet cas
