1、Designation: C1516 05 (Reapproved 2011)Standard Practice forApplication of Direct-Applied Exterior Finish Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1516; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o
2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers the minimum requirements andprocedures for field application of Direct-applied ExteriorFinish
3、Systems (DEFS). Direct-applied exterior finish systemsare coating systems applied over various substrates withnon-metallic reinforcing mesh, in which the base coat rangesfrom not less than116 in. (1.6 mm) to332 in. (2.4 mm) in drythickness, depending on the mass of the reinforcing mesh. Thisbase coa
4、t is subsequently covered with a finish coat that isavailable in a variety of textures and colors.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The metric values given in parentheses areapproximate and are provided for information purposes only.1.3 This standard may in
5、volve hazardous materials, opera-tions and equipment. This standard does not purport to addressall of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It isthe responsibility of the user of this standard to establishappropriate safety and health practices and determine theapplicability of regul
6、atory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C11 Terminology Relating to Gypsum and Related BuildingMaterials and SystemsC1063 Specification for Installation of Lathing and Furringto Receive Interior and Exterior Portland Cement-BasedPlasterC1177/C1177M Specification for
7、 Glass Mat Gypsum Sub-strate for Use as SheathingC1186 Specification for Flat Fiber-Cement SheetsC1278/C1278M Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Gyp-sum PanelC1325 Specification for Non-Asbestos Fiber-Mat Rein-forced Cementitious Backer UnitsE1825 Guide for Evaluation of Exterior Building WallMateri
8、als, Products, and Systems3. Terminology3.1 Definitions used in this standard shall be in accordancewith Terminology C11.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 accessories, npreformed metal, fiberglass or plasticmembers used to form corners, edges, control joints, ordecorative effe
9、cts.3.2.2 back wrapping, na deprecated term. See wrap.3.2.3 base coat, na material, either factory or field-mixed,used to cover the substrate and to encapsulate the reinforcingmesh.3.2.4 cold joint, nthe visible junction in an exterior finish.3.2.5 cure, vto develop the ultimate properties of a wets
10、tate material by a chemical process.3.2.6 dry, vto develop the ultimate properties of a wetstate material solely by evaporation of volatile ingredients.3.2.7 durability, nthe capability of a building, assembly,component, product, or construction to maintain serviceabilityover not less than a specifi
11、ed time.3.2.8 embed, vto encapsulate a non-metallic reinforcingmesh in either the joint compound or exterior finish.3.2.9 expansion joint, na structural separation betweenbuilding elements that allows independent movement withoutdamage to the assembly.3.2.10 factory mixed, na material that is prepar
12、ed at thepoint of manufacture and is ready to use without the additionof other materials, except possibly water to adjust consistency.3.2.11 field mix, na material that is mixed in the field withother components and/or water.3.2.12 finish coat, nthe final wet state material, thatprovides color or ad
13、ditional texture, applied over the reinforcedbase coat.3.2.13 flash set (quick set), nthe early hardening orstiffness in the working characteristics of a Portland-cementpaste, mortar, or concrete, usually with the evolution ofconsiderable heat; stiffness cannot be dispelled nor the plastic-ity regai
14、ned by further mixing without addition of water; alsoknown as “quick set.”1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C11 on Gypsumand Related Building Materials and Systems and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee C11.05 on Application of Exterior Insulating and Finish Systems
15、 andRelated Products.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011. Published June 2011. Originallyapproved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C1516 05. DOI:10.1520/C1516-05R11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceast
16、m.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United St
17、ates.3.2.14 framing member, nstuds, joist, runners (tracks),bridging, bracing, and related accessories manufactured orsupplied in wood or hot or cold formed steel.3.2.15 initial grab, nthe ability of a wet state material toremain in place initially after it has been applied.3.2.16 initial set, na ti
18、me related set caused by thehydration process.3.2.17 lamina, ncomposite of base coat, reinforcement,and finish coat.3.2.18 mechanical fastener, ncorrosion resistant compo-nent used to attach the substrate to the framing member.3.2.19 reinforcing mesh, na non-metallic component ofthe DEFS encapsulate
19、d in the base coat to strengthen thesystem.3.2.19.1 DiscussionNon-metallic reinforcing mesh isavailable in various weights to achieve different levels ofimpact and stress resistance.3.2.20 pot life, nthe duration of time that the wet statematerial remains workable after it has been mixed.3.2.21 prim
20、ers, nliquid coatings applied to improve theadhesion of the DEFS to the substrate.3.2.21.1 DiscussionPrimers are sometimes applied to im-prove the water resistance of cementitious base coats.3.2.22 reinforced base coat, nbase coat that has beenreinforced with a non-metallic reinforcing mesh.3.2.23 s
21、ubstrate, nsurface to which the DEFS is applied.3.2.24 surface sealer, nmaterial used to enhance weatherresistance.3.2.25 temper, vto bring to a workable state by addingwater.3.2.26 texture, nany surface appearance as contrasted to asmooth surface.3.2.27 wet edge, nthe leading edge of a continuously
22、applied wet state material.3.2.28 wet state materials, nthe adhesive, base coat andfinish coat components applied in liquid or semi-liquid state.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice provides minimum requirements for theapplication of Direct-applied Exterior Finish Systems. Therequirements for ma
23、terials, mixtures, and details shall becontained in the project plans and specifications.5. Delivery of Materials5.1 All materials shall be delivered in packages, containers,or bundles with the identification and markings intact.6. Inspection6.1 Inspection of the materials shall be agreed upon betwe
24、enthe purchaser and the supplier as part of the purchase agree-ment.7. Rejection7.1 Materials that are damaged, frozen or in any waydefective shall not be used. Rejection of materials shall bepromptly reported verbally to the producer and immediatelyreported in writing. The notice of rejection shall
25、 contain astatement documenting the basis for material rejection.8. Certification8.1 When specified in the contract documents, the exteriorfinish producer shall furnish a report certifying that thematerials are in conformance with product and material stan-dards and contract documents.8.2 The substr
26、ate panels shall be marked as complying withthe applicable product specification.9. Storage of Materials9.1 All materials shall be kept dry by storage under coverand protected from the weather.9.1.1 When outside storage is required, substrate panelsshall be stacked flat with care taken to avoid dama
27、ge to edges,ends, or surfaces.9.1.2 All other DEFS components shall be stacked off theground, supported on a level platform and protected from thedirect sunlight, weather, surface contamination or physicaldamage in accordance with the DEFS producers writteninstructions.9.2 Materials shall be protect
28、ed from exposure to tempera-tures less than 40 F (4 C), unless otherwise specified by themanufacturer.9.3 Portland Cement shall be kept dry until ready for use. Itshall be kept off the ground, under cover and away from dampwalls and surfaces.10. Environmental Conditions10.1 Cold Weather Conditions:1
29、0.1.1 Wet materials shall not be applied when the tempera-ture is less than 40 F (4 C) unless temporary heat andenclosures are provided to maintain a minimum temperature of40 F (4 C) for a minimum period of not less than 24 h before,during and after application or unless otherwise specified bythe ma
30、nufacturer.10.1.2 Materials shall not be applied to a base containingfrost. Substrate surface temperature shall be not less than 40 F(4 C) unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer. Mix-tures for application shall not contain any frozen ingredients.11. Assessment of Condition of Substrates to R
31、eceiveDirect Exterior and Finish Systems11.1 The substrate shall be as required by the project plansand specifications and as specified by the DEFS producer forthe particular system.11.2 The substrate shall be inspected by the applicator andgeneral contractor to ensure that it meets the project plan
32、s andspecifications and the requirements of 11.3-11.8.2.11.3 Sheathing materials shall be inspected to ensure that:11.3.1 The specified sheathing thickness has been installedfor the stud spacing used.11.3.2 Fastener type and fastener spacing are as specified.11.3.3 Water-resistant exterior fiber-rei
33、nforced gypsumsheathing panels complying with Specification C1278/C1278M, shall be installed in accordance with the sheetproducers written installation instructions, which include de-tails of framing type and spacing, fastener type and spacing,and sheet orientation and spacing.11.3.4 Glass mat gypsu
34、m sheathing complying with Speci-fication C1177/C1177M, shall be installed in accordance withC1516 05 (2011)2the sheet producers written installation instructions, whichinclude details of framing type and spacing, fastener type andspacing, and sheet orientation and spacing.11.3.5 Fiber-cement sheets
35、 complying with SpecificationC1186, Type A, shall be installed in accordance with the sheetproducers written installation instructions, which include de-tails of framing type and spacing, fastener type and spacing,and sheet orientation and spacing.11.3.6 Fiber-mat reinforced cement sheets complying
36、withSpecification C1325, type A, shall be installed in accordancewith the sheet producers written installation instructions,which include details of framing type and spacing, fastenertype and spacing, and sheet orientation and spacing.11.4 AlignmentAll substrate surfaces shall be straight andtrue wi
37、thin14 in. in 10 ft. (2 mm/m). More stringent require-ments by the DEFS producer shall supersede the above statedrequirements.11.5 Suitability for UseThe substrate surface shall befirm, sound, and undamaged in order to receive the exteriorfinish.11.5.1 Broken, cracked or delaminated substrate boards
38、shall be replaced or restored to a condition equal to adjacentundamaged boards.11.6 CleanlinessThe surface of all substrates shall beclean and free from any foreign materials such as form releaseagents, curing compounds, dust, dirt, frost, oil or grease,efflorescence and laitance.11.6.1 All substrat
39、e panels shall have all loose dirt and dustremoved by cleaning methods appropriate for the job and jobconditions.11.6.2 Efflorescence and laitance on substrate panels shallbe removed prior to exterior finish application. Heavy depositsshall be removed using hand or power impact tools followed bywash
40、ing with an appropriate cleaner. Light deposits shall beremoved by washing with an appropriate cleaner. All looseparticles and cleaner residue shall be removed by washing withclean, potable water. The surface shall be allowed to dry.11.7 Substrate ConditionThere shall be no visible water.11.8 If fur
41、ring or accessories are used, they shall be installedin conformance with Specification C1063.11.8.1 These members shall be properly attached, straight,and true unless required by the system design.11.8.2 All accessories shall be free of rust, oil, or otherforeign matter or contaminants, which cause
42、bond failure orunsightly discoloration.12. Reinforced Base Coat Application12.1 Inspect the substrate panel surface to ensure that it isclean, dry, free of all foreign materials, and damage of anytype. Substrate panel planar irregularities of more than116 in.(1.6 mm) shall be corrected. All panel jo
43、ints shall be tightlyabutted or shall be filled with recommended joint beddingmaterial.12.2 Base Coat PreparationAll materials requiring fieldpreparation shall be mixed in accordance with the DEFSproducers specifications.12.3 Base Coat ApplicationThe prepared base coat shallbe uniformly spread over
44、the entire surface of the substratepanel.12.4 Reinforcing MeshThe single layer reinforcing mesh,when specified, shall be fully encapsulated in the field of thewall, at corners, edges, and joints. Trowel from the center to theedge of the reinforcing mesh to avoid wrinkles. The singlelayer reinforcing
45、 mesh shall be continuous at all corners.12.4.1 DiscussionThe recommended method is to applythe base coat in two applications.12.4.2 The surface shall be free of voids, projections, trowelmarks and other surface irregularities. The base coat thicknessshall be not less than116 in. (1.6 mm) dry as mea
46、sured from thesurface of the substrate panel.12.5 Reinforcing Mesh Overlap- All reinforcing meshedges shall be overlapped not less than 212 in. (64 mm).12.6 Impact LayersWhen required, higher impact perfor-mance shall be achieved with multiple layers of reinforcingmesh or by incorporating heavier we
47、ight reinforcing mesh. Allareas requiring higher impact performance shall be detailed onthe project plans and specifications. When overlapping of highimpact mesh is not required, a complete second layer ofreinforcing mesh shall be applied over the layer of high impactmesh.12.7 CornersReinforcing mes
48、h shall not be lapped within8 in. (204 mm) of any corner.12.8 Wall PenetrationsAll edges of the substrate panelboard at penetrations of the DEFS, such as at windows, doors,Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) sleeves,pipes, duct, electrical boxes, and at the base of the wall shall bewrap
49、ped with either the base coat and reinforcing mesh or trim,or as specified by the project plans and specifications. Wallopenings such as doors, windows, HVAC sleeves, shall bediagonally reinforced at corners with mesh not less than 9 in.(230 mm) by 12 in. (305 mm).12.8.1 The corners of returns to windows, doors, and similarwall openings shall have reinforcing mesh the full width of thereturn and extending not less than 212 in. (64 mm) on bothsides of the corner.12.9 Expansion JointsAll edges of the substrate panels ate
