1、Designation: C1582/C1582M 11Standard Specification forAdmixtures to Inhibit Chloride-Induced Corrosion ofReinforcing Steel in Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1582/C1582M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the
2、case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers material for use as chloride-corrosion-inhibiting admixtures
3、for concrete.1.2 Results of the tests conducted to meet this specificationare not to be used to rank the expected field performance ofvarious chloride-corrosion-inhibiting admixtures.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values sta
4、ted ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use
5、. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to use. (WarningFresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and maycause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolong
6、edexposure.2)2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cy-lindrical Concrete SpecimensC78 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (UsingSimple Beam with Third-Point Loading)C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-gregatesC143/C143
7、M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-CementConcreteC150 Specification for Portland CementC157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of HardenedHydraulic-Cement Mortar and ConcreteC231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Con-crete by the Pressure MethodC260 Specification for Air-Entraining Adm
8、ixtures for Con-creteC403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of ConcreteMixtures by Penetration ResistanceC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC666/C666M Test Method for Resistance of Concrete toRapid Freezing and ThawingC1152/C1152M Test Method for Acid-Soluble Chloride in
9、Mortar and ConcreteG15 Terminology Relating to Corrosion and CorrosionTesting4G109 Test Method for Determining Effects of ChemicalAdmixtures on Corrosion of Embedded Steel Reinforce-ment in Concrete Exposed to Chloride EnvironmentsG180 Test Method for Initial Screening of Corrosion Inhib-iting Admix
10、tures for Steel in Concrete2.2 American Concrete Institute Standard:ACI 211.1 Practice for Selecting Proportions of Normal,Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete53. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsRefer to Terminologies C125 and G15 fordefinitions of terms used in this specification.3.2 Definitions of Terms Speci
11、fic to This Standard:3.2.1 chloride-ion content, nthe acid-soluble chloride-ioncontent, measured according to Test Method C1152/C1152M,of a powder sample taken at a depth equal to the depth ofreinforcement.3.2.2 completion of testing, nfor Test Method G109, whenthe following conditions are satisfied
12、: (1) the mean integratedmacrocell current in the control beams is greater than or equalto 150 coulombs (C); and (2) the mean chloride-ion content ofthe test beams is greater than or equal to the critical chloride-ion content.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConc
13、rete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.23 on Chemical Admixtures.Current edition approved July 1, 2011. Published August 2011. Originallyapproved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C1582/C1582M04.DOI: 10.1520/C1582_C1582M-11.2Section on Safet
14、y Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Docum
15、ent Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.5Available from the American Concrete Institute, P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333-9094.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyrig
16、ht ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.2.1 DiscussionRefer to the Appendix for additionalexplanation of the methodology used to evaluate the perfor-mance of a chloride-corrosion-inhibiting admixture.3.2.3 control beams, nbeams s
17、ubjected to the treatment inTest Method G109 that are made from concrete without thechloride-corrosion-inhibiting admixture.3.2.4 critical chloride-ion content, nthe mean chloride-ion content in the unreinforced control beams at t50plus thestandard deviation.3.2.5 reinforced beams, nbeams used to me
18、asure macro-cell corrosion current according to Test Method G109.3.2.6 t50, ntime when the mean integrated macrocellcurrent of the control beams reaches 50 C.3.2.7 t150, ntime when the mean integrated macrocellcurrent of the control beams reaches 150 C.3.2.8 test beams, nbeams subjected to the treat
19、ment inTest Method G109 that are made from concrete with thechloride-corrosion-inhibiting admixture.3.2.9 unreinforced beams, nbeams without reinforcementthat are subjected to the cyclic ponding and drying treatment inTest Method G109 and used to determine chloride-ion content.4. General Requirement
20、s4.1 For initial compliance with this specification, test-concrete made with the chloride-corrosion-inhibiting admix-ture shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 1.4.2 The purchaser is allowed to require a limited retesting toconfirm current compliance of the admixture to specification
21、requirements. The limited retesting covers physical and chemi-cal properties and performance of the admixture.4.2.1 The physical properties retesting shall consist ofuniformity and equivalence tests for infrared analysis, residueby oven drying, and specific gravity as described in Specifica-tion C49
22、4/C494M.4.2.2 The performance property retesting shall consist oftime of setting and compressive strength at 3, 7, and 28 days.Purchasers having special requirements are allowed to requireadditional tests currently in this standard.4.3 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shallstate in
23、writing that the admixture supplied for use in theproject is identical in all essential respects, including concen-tration, to the admixture tested under this specification andfound to comply therewith.4.4 Tests for uniformity and equivalence shall be made onthe initial sample in accordance with Spe
24、cification C494/C494M, and the results retained for reference and comparisonwith the results of tests of samples taken from elsewhere withinthe lot or subsequent lots of admixture supplied for use in theproject.5. Corrosion-Inhibiting Performance5.1 In addition to producing concrete that meets the r
25、equire-ments in Table 1, the test admixture must show corrosion-inhibiting performance as summarized in Table 2 when testedin accordance with Test Method G109 with reinforcing bardepths and mixture proportions as specified in Sections 10 and11 of this specification, or in accordance with Test Method
26、G180 using 0.5 M NaCl as specified in Section 15.5.2 The following requirements must be attained when TestMethod G109 is used:5.2.1 At completion of testing (see 3.2.2), the mean inte-grated macrocell current of the test beams must be less than orequal to 50 C.5.2.2 At completion of testing, the mea
27、n corroded area ofthe top reinforcing steel in the test beams must be less than orequal to13 of the mean corroded area of the top steel in thecontrol beams.5.2.3 At the completion of testing, the mean chloride-ioncontent of the test beams must be greater than or equal to thecritical chloride-ion con
28、tent.5.3 If Test Method G180 is used, the average polarizationresistance, Rp, of the test specimens with the corrosion inhibi-tor shall be at least 8 times greater than that of the controlspecimens.TABLE 1 Physical Requirements of Concrete Containing aChloride-Corrosion-Inhibiting AdmixtureTime of s
29、etting, allowable deviation from control, h:minInitial: not more than 3:30 earlier or laterFinal: not more than 3:30 earlier or laterStrength:Age Compressive strength,min. % of control:A,BFlexural strength,min. % of control:A,B3 days 80 807 days 80 8028 days 80 806 months 801 year 80Length change, m
30、ax. shrinkage (alternative requirements)CPercent of control: 135Increase over control, percentage points: 0.010Relative durability factor, minimum %: 80AThe values in the table include allowance for normal variation in test results.The objective of the 80 % relative strength is to require a level of
31、 performancecomparable to that of the control concrete. Reinforced concrete, subjected tobrackish water, salt spray and/or deicers, requires a water-cement ratio of 0.40 orless for long-term durability. This durability requirement results typically in com-pressive strengths in excess of what is requ
32、ired structurally. If high-strengthconcrete is needed for structural purposes, mixture proportions may need to beadjusted when using a chloride-corrosion-inhibiting admixture.BThe compressive and flexural strength of the concrete containing the admix-ture under test at any test age shall not be less
33、 than 90 % of that attained at anyprevious test age. The objective of this limit is to require that the compressive orflexural strength of the concrete containing the admixture under test shall notdecrease with age.CFor the alternative requirements (see Specification C494/C494M), the percentof contr
34、ol limit applies when length change of the control concrete is 0.030 % orgreater, and the increase over control limit applies when length change of thecontrol concrete is less than 0.030 %.TABLE 2 Corrosion-Inhibiting RequirementsWhen evaluated using Test Method G109Mean integrated macrocell current
35、 of test beams, CA# 50Mean corroded area of test beams, fraction of controlA#13When evaluated using Test Method G180Mean 1/Rp compared to controlB#18AAt completion of testing using Test Method G109 and based on a minimum ofthree specimens of control and test concrete, and discarded specimens are not
36、included.BTest Method G180 at 0.5 M NaCl with four control and four test specimens.C1582/C1582M 1126. Packaging and Package Marking6.1 When the admixture is delivered in packages or con-tainers, the proprietary name of the admixture and the net massor volume shall be plainly marked thereon. Similar
37、informationshall be provided in the shipping information accompanyingpackaged or bulk shipments of admixtures.7. Storage7.1 Store the admixture so as to permit easy access forproper inspection and identification of each shipment, and in asuitable weather-tight building that will protect the admixtur
38、efrom dampness and freezing.8. Sampling and Inspection8.1 Sampling and inspection shall be in accordance withSpecification C494/C494M.9. Rejection9.1 For initial compliance testing, the purchaser is allowedto reject the admixture if it fails to meet any of the applicablerequirements for this specifi
39、cation.9.2 For limited retesting, the purchaser is allowed to rejectthe admixture if it fails to meet any of the requirements of theUniformity and Equivalence Section of Specification C494/C494M and of the applicable parts of Table 1 of this standard.9.3 An admixture stored at the point of manufactu
40、re, formore than 6 months prior to shipment, or an admixture in localstorage in the hands of a vendor for more than 6 months, aftercompletion of tests, shall be retested before use when requestedby the purchaser and is allowed to be rejected if it fails toconform to any of the applicable requirement
41、s of this specifi-cation.9.4 Packages or containers varying more than 5 % from thespecified mass or volume are allowed to be rejected. If theaverage mass or volume of 50 packages taken at random is lessthan that specified, the entire shipment is allowed to berejected.9.5 When the admixture is to be
42、used in non-air-entrainedconcrete, it shall be rejected when the purchaser desires if thetest concrete containing it has an air content greater than 3.5 %;when the admixture is to be used in air-entrained concrete, itshall be rejected when the purchaser desires if the test concretecontaining it has
43、an air content greater than 7.0 %.TEST METHODSNOTE 1These tests are based on arbitrary stipulations which makepossible highly standardized testing in the laboratory and are not intendedto simulate actual job conditions.10. Test Specimens10.1 Two types of concrete are used to make test specimens.One,
44、 the control concrete, is made without the chloride-corrosion-inhibiting admixture. The other concrete, the testconcrete, is made with the chloride-corrosion-inhibiting ad-mixture. Do not use cement that causes the air content of thecontrol concrete made without the subject admixture to exceed3.0 %.
45、10.2 Make specimens for measuring compressive strength,flexural strength, resistance to freezing and thawing, and lengthchange in accordance with Specification C494/C494M. Pre-pare three separate batches of each concrete mixture inaccordance with Specification C494/C494M, and report themean test res
46、ults from the three batches.10.3 When corrosion performance will be determined byTest Method G109, make specimens for corrosion testing andchloride-ion analysis from a separate batch of each concrete.For each concrete mixture, make at least three beams with steelreinforcement in accordance with Test
47、 Method G109, andmake at least three beams of the same size without reinforce-ment (Note 2). The reinforcement shall be deformed barsdesignation No. 4 13 with a nominal diameter of12 in. 12.7mm and the cover depth shall be 1.0 6 0.1 in. 25 6 3 mm.Subject all beams to the same cyclic ponding and dryi
48、ngtreatment described in Test Method G109.NOTE 2The reinforced beams are used to determine the macrocellcorrosion current as a function of time, and the unreinforced beams areused to determine the chloride-ion content at specified times.11. Specimen Preparation11.1 Mixture ProportionsProportion all
49、concrete mixturesto conform to the requirements described in 11.1.1 through11.1.5. Unless otherwise specified, include the chloride-corrosion-inhibiting admixture with the first increment ofmixing water that is added to the mixer.11.1.1 The water-cement ratio shall be 0.50 6 0.01 and thecement content shall be between 550 and 650 lb/yd3325 and385 kg/m3. The test and control mixtures are to have water andcement contents equivalent to within 6 1 % by mass.11.1.2 Cement shall meet the requirements of a Type IIcement according to Specification C150.NOTE 3Type
