1、Designation: C1603 10C1603 16Standard Test Method forMeasurement of Solids in Water1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1603; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in p
2、arentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the solids content in water for use as mixing water in ready-mixed concreteand the measurement of its
3、density. Solids content is expressed in terms of parts per million (ppm) or in terms of percent by massof the water sample.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard; inch-pound units are shown in parenthesis for information only.1.3 The text of this standard references notes a
4、nd footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
5、of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C188 Test Method for Density of Hydraulic CementC670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Stateme
6、nts for Test Methods for Construction MaterialsC1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in the Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete3. Significance and Use3.1 This test method is used to determine the solids content of mixing water used to produce concrete when one or more of thewater sour
7、ces is wash water from concrete production operations or water that contains solids when batched as mixing water inconcrete.3.2 The test method provides a means to determine the relationship between the density and solids content of water forcompliance with solids content limits of mixing water such
8、 as in Specification C1602/C1602M.3.3 During production of concrete, the water property measured is its density, which can then be used to estimate the solidscontent from procedures described in this test method.3.4 To develop a correlation between the density and solids content of water, water samp
9、les should be tested that cover the rangeof solids concentrations anticipated during production.4. Apparatus4.1 Density Measure:Acylindrical container (Note 1) with a volume of 200625 mL (761 fl. oz.) with a glass or hard plasticplate that is placed over it. The glass or plastic plate shall be at le
10、ast 6 mm (14 in.) thick and 40 mm (112-in.) larger than the outerdiameter of the measure. The top of the density measure shall be flat such that it does not leak when the plate is placed over it.NOTE 1A commonly available smaller size mason jar with top ground smooth is acceptable.4.2 The volume of
11、the density measure shall be determined to nearest 0.1 mLin accordance with procedures used for calibratingair or density measures, as in Test Method C670.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcom
12、mittee C09.40 onReady-Mixed Concrete.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010Feb. 1, 2016. Published January 2011April 2016. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 20052010 asC160305a.10. DOI: 10.1520/C1603-10.10.1520/C1603-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM websit
13、e, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication
14、of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be consider
15、ed the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.3 A microwave oven with at least 900 W of power capacity.4.4 A microwave-safe glass dish large
16、 enough to contain the water sample and fiberglass cloth (See Note 2).NOTE 2A450 450 25 mm (9 9 1 in.) dish is acceptable. Fiberglass cloth commonly used with fiberglass resin for boat or auto body repairis found in most hardware stores.4.5 A balance or scale with a minimum capacity of 2000 g accura
17、te to 0.1 g4.6 A rubber syringe5. Measurement of Density5.1 Obtain the mass of the empty density measure and plate to the nearest 0.1g.5.2 If the water contains solids in suspension, ensure that the water is sampled while the water source is being agitated. Takea representative sample of water and f
18、ill the density measure to overflowing. Slide the cover plate over the measure ensuring thatthere are no air bubbles. Wipe the outside of the plate and measure dry and obtain the mass of the filled density measure coveredwith the plate.5.3 Calculate the density of the water sample to 0.001 g/mLDW 5M
19、WV (1)Where:DW = Density of the water, g/mL,MW = Net mass of water in the density measure, g, andV = Volume of the density measure, mL.6. Measurement of Solids Content6.1 Obtain the mass of the empty dish and a piece of fiber glass cloth about 500 mm (20 in.) square to the nearest 0.1 g.6.2 Keep the
20、 For the water sample used in the density measurement, keep the glass plate over the density measure and shakethe water suspension. If the density of water is not determined, obtain at least 200 mL of a representative sample of water in acontainer and determine the mass of the water sample to the ne
21、arest 0.1 g. Pour the water sample into the glass dish. Using therubber syringe, wash solids adhered in the measure into the dish using a minimum amount of water. Cover the water with thefiberglass cloth to prevent loss of solids during drying.6.3 Place the dish in a microwave oven and heat it for a
22、pproximately 20 min or until the water has evaporated. Determine themass of the dish and place it back in the microwave oven for 2 min increments until the mass determined in two subsequentdeterminations do not differ by more than 0.5 g. At any step in the drying process, discontinue additional dryi
23、ng if the net massof water and solids in the dish is less than 0.5 g.6.4 Determine the mass of the dish and cloth with the dried solids.6.5 Calculate the percent solids in terms of percent by mass to the nearest 0.1 % and in ppm to the nearest 1000 ppm.If the measured value is less than 500 ppm, rec
24、ord the value as zero or the actual calculated value.SW,%5 MsMW3100 (2)Sppm5SW 310000 (3)Where:Ms = Mass of dry solids,MW = Mass of water with solids,SW = Solids content in water, in percent, andSppm = Solids content in water, in ppm.6.6 Repeat these measurements for water with different solids cont
25、ent. Test water at 4 or more different levels of solids content.7. Relationship Between Density and Solids Content7.1 Establish a relationship using linear regression analysis (See Note 3) between the measured density and solids content ofwater sample measurements for a range of solid concentrations
26、 that cover the anticipated range in the production facility.NOTE 3The linear regression analysis can be performed using spreadsheet software.7.1.1 Express the relationship between the density of the water and the solids content as follows, such that the measured densityon a particular production da
27、y can be used to determine the solids content of the water.Sppm5A1B3DW (4)C1603 162Where: A and B are regression constantsNOTE 4Eq 4 provides an approximate linear relationship between solids content and measured density. The relationship between solids content anddensity is non-linear (see Eq 5) an
28、d Eq 4 should not be used to estimate the solids content of water outside the range of values used to establish therelationship in Eq 4.NOTE 5During concrete production, a producer might choose to monitor the density of a water source using a hydrometer. It is recommended thatthe density of the wate
29、r using a hydrometer be determined on the water at the time of this density measurement to obtain a relationship, if needed, orto calibrate the hydrometer.The water sample should be placed in a transparent volumetric measuring flask.The hydrometer measurement should be takenwithin 10 s after filling
30、 the water in the flask. This is to ensure that significant settlement of solids has not occurred before the measurement is taken asthat will affect the measured density.7.2 When the relationship between density and solids content is not determined by testing, calculate the solids content of thewate
31、r in ppm from the measured density using the following:Sppm5SDW 21DS 21D3DSDW31000000 (5)where:DS = Density of solids in the water, g/mL7.2.1 To measure the density of solids, use at least 50 g of the dried solids and measure the density in accordance with TestMethod C188.7.2.2 When the density of s
32、olids in the water is unknown, an assumed value of 2.6 g/mL is adequate (See Note 6). Determinethe solids content of the water in ppm from the measured density using the simplified form of Eq 5 as follows:Sppm516250003S12 1DWD (6)NOTE 6There are several conditions that will change the density of sol
33、ids extracted from water from ready mixed concrete production within arelatively small range. For the purpose of establishing the relationship between the density of water and the solids content, using an assumed value asindicated in 7.2.2 is adequate.NOTE 7Guidance for blending two sources of water
34、 with different solids content is provided in Appendix X1.8. Report8.1 For the water samples tested to establish the relationship of water density to solids content, maintain a record of the densityof water to the nearest 0.001 g/mL; and the solids content of the same water sample in ppm to the near
35、est 1000 ppm or percentby mass of water to the nearest 0.1 %. If measured value is less than 500 ppm, record zero or the observed value. Include the datesof these tests and maintain a record of the regression equation used to establish the relationship of water density to solids content.8.2 For test
36、s of water samples during production of concrete or to calibrate automated measuring devices, maintain a record ofwater density tests to the nearest 0.001 g/mL or solids content to the nearest 1000 ppm. If measured value is less than 500 ppm,record zero or the observed value. Include the date and ti
37、me of these tests. Record the calculated solids content of the tested watersample and the method (7.1 or 7.2) used to determine the solids content.9. Precision and Bias9.1 PrecisionThe estimates of precision for this test method are based on results from tests on wash water samples with arange of so
38、lids content between 25 000 and 140 000 ppm. Four operators tested the same water samples in triplicate for the densityand in duplicate for solids content.9.1.1 Single Operator PrecisionThe single-operator standard deviation (1s) is shown in Table 1 by average density and solidscontent; therefore, r
39、esults of two properly conducted tests on the same sample by the same operator are not expected to differ bymore than the d2s values listed in Table 1.9.1.2 Multi-Operator PrecisionThe multi-operator standard deviation (1s) is shown in Table 1 by average density and solidscontent; therefore, results
40、 of two properly conducted tests on the same sample by two different operators are not expected to differby more than the d2s values listed in Table 1.9.2 BiasSince there is no accepted reference material for determining the bias of the results from this test method, nostatement on bias is made.10.
41、Keywords10.1 concrete mixing water; density; recycled water; solidsC1603 163APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. Determination of Blending Percentages of Combined WaterX1.1 Use the following relationships to determine the mixing percentage (Note X1.1) of each of two water sources to be blendedto en
42、sure that the added mixing water to concrete is at a target limit of solids content or the respective target density.X1.1.1 When the solids content of the two sources of water is known and water is batched by mass or by volume, use Eq X1.1:P15ST 2S2S12S23100 (X1.1)X1.1.2 When the density of the two
43、sources of water is known, use Eq X1.2 when water is batched by mass and Eq X1.3 whenwater is batched by volume:P15DT 2D2D12D23D1DT3100 (X1.2)P15DT 2D2D12D23100 (X1.3)Where:P1 = Percentage of water from source 1 in the blended mixing water,ST and DT = Target solids content in ppm and density in g/mL
44、 of the blended mixing water,S1 and D1 = Solids content in ppm and density in g/mL of the water from source 1, andS2 and D2 = Solids content in ppm and density in g/mL of the water from source 2.NOTE X1.1The target solids content may be a limit established in a specification or one that the quality
45、control function of the ready mixed concreteproducer establishes. The solids content, typically dissolved, of municipal water may be considered to be 0 ppm and the density may be considered tobe 1.0 g/mL, to simplify this calculation.TABLE 1 Table PrecisionStandardDeviation (1s)AAcceptable Range ofT
46、wo Results (d2s)ASingle Operator PrecisionDensity, g/mL1.016 0.0005 0.00151.033 0.0010 0.00301.052 0.0017 0.00471.101 0.0014 0.0039Solids Content, ppm22,300 740 2,10046,600 970 2,70071,500 600 1,700134,500 2,300 6,300Multi-Operator PrecisionDensity, g/mL1.016 0.0009 0.00261.033 0.0018 0.00501.052 0.
47、0025 0.00691.101 0.0020 0.0056Solids Content, ppm22,300 1,080 3,00046,600 1,110 3,10071,500 2,250 6,300134,500 2,530 7,100AThese numbers represent, respectively, the (1s) and (d2s) limits as described inPractice C670.C1603 164X1.2 When wash water from concrete production is used at a higher percenta
48、ge of solids content, there will be necessarycorrections in the quantity of mixing water and the volume of solids to account for the solids content in the total mixing water.SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to this test method since the last issue,C1603
49、05a,10, that may impact the use of this test method. (Approved Feb. 1, 2016December 1, 2010).)(1) Added new 7.2.1 to reference Test Method C188 for measuring density of solids and renumbered subsequent subsections.(1) Revised 6.2, 6.3, 6.5, 8.1, and 8.2.(2) Added new Note 6 and renumbered subsequent notes.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights,
