1、Designation: C1668 13aStandard Specification forExternally Applied Reflective Insulation Systems on RigidDuct in Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC)Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1668; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year ofo
2、riginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the requirements and physicalprope
3、rties of reflective insulation systems applied externally toRigid Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) ductsystems operating at or below 250F (121.1 C). Theseinsulation systems consist of one or more low-emittancesurfaces, such as metallic foil or metallic deposits, mounted onsubstrates
4、 to produce reflective air spaces. Reflective insulationsystems derive thermal performance from surfaces with anemittance of no greater than 0.1 facing enclosed air spaces.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconvers
5、ions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices
6、and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC335 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Transfer Propertiesof Pipe InsulationC390 Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of ThermalInsulation
7、 LotsC411 Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High-Temperature Thermal InsulationC1045 Practice for Calculating Thermal Transmission Prop-erties Under Steady-State ConditionsC1258 Test Method for Elevated Temperature and HumidityResistance of Vapor Retarders for InsulationC1338 Test Method fo
8、r Determining Fungi Resistance ofInsulation Materials and FacingsC1371 Test Method for Determination of Emittance ofMaterials Near Room Temperature Using Portable Emis-sometersE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission o
9、fMaterialsE2231 Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting ofPipe and Duct Insulation Materials to Assess SurfaceBurning Characteristics2.2 Other Test Method:TAPPI Standard T-512 sp-02 Creasing of Flexible PackagingMaterial Paper Specimens for Testing33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Unless o
10、therwise noted, the terms used in this speci-fication conform to Terminology C168.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 HVAC ductsas pertaining to this standard, ductshaving rigid rectangular or circular cross-section used totransfer air from the air handling equipment to the cond
11、itionedspace and return.3.2.2 insulation spacersmaterial used to form enclosed airspaces that are interior to the reflective insulation system.3.2.3 reflective insulationthermal insulation consisting ofone or more low emittance surfaces, bounding one or moreenclosed air space(s). C1684. Classificati
12、on4.1 Products covered by this specification are classifiedaccording to the substrate material and have the physicalproperties as listed in Table 1.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 onThermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.21 onRefle
13、ctive Insulation.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013. Published January 2014. Originallyapproved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as C166813. DOI:10.1520/C166813A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org
14、. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI),15 Technology Parkway South, Norcross, GA 30092, http:/www.tappi.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 B
15、arr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.1.1 Type AProduct with polyethylene foam substrate.4.1.2 Type BProduct with polyethylene bubble pack sub-strate.4.1.3 Type CProduct with fiberglass substrate.4.1.4 Type DProduct with polyester fiber substrate.4.1.5 Type
16、 EProduct with kraft paper substrate.5. Ordering Information5.1 Specify the required thermal resistance.5.2 Specify the number of layers of insulation, width,thickness of the insulation system and the configuration of theduct(s) to be insulated.5.3 Special markings, when required, shall be specified
17、.5.4 Special performance requirements, when required.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Reflective insulation shall consist of low-emittancesurface(s) with substrates and adhesives required to meet thespecified thermal performance and physical properties. Airspaces shall be maintained by use of insulat
18、ion spacers.6.2 Multiple layer reflective insulation shall be designed toattain the intended separation of layers. The design separationshall be maintained by the use of proper size, location andmethod of securing the insulation spacers to the duct system.6.3 DimensionsInsulation and properly sized
19、insulationspacers shall be furnished in dimensions specifically agreedupon between the producer and the buyer.7. Physical Properties7.1 EmittanceLow-emittance surfaces used for this insu-lation shall have a surface emittance of 0.1 or less, asdetermined in accordance with 10.1.7.2 Water Vapor Permea
20、nceThe water vapor permeanceshall be determined in accordance with 10.2 and shall meet therequirements of Table 1.7.3 Surface Burning CharacteristicsSurface BurningCharacteristics shall be determined in accordance with 10.3.The maximum flame spread index shall not exceed 25 and themaximum smoke deve
21、loped index shall not exceed 50.7.4 Aging ResistanceThe laminates of the reflective insu-lation shall be tested for aging resistance in accordance with10.4. Three specimens shall be tested. The test specimens shallbe shielded from condensate that drips from the ceiling of thehumidity chamber during
22、the test.7.4.1 After exposure the specimens shall be evaluated forvisible corrosion and delamination. For purposes of corrosionevaluation, disregard the outer 0.25 in. (6 mm) perimeter. Notested specimen shall exhibit visible corrosion or unaideddelamination of layers.7.4.2 After exposure re-measure
23、 the emittance of thesamples. No test specimen shall have greater than 0.04deviation from the original emittance measurement and mustremain under 0.1.7.5 Adhesive PerformanceAdhesives when used shallshow no sign of bleeding when tested in accordance with thetest procedure in 10.5. Disregard bleeding
24、 at cut edges.Bleeding or delamination, shall be cause for rejection.7.6 PliabilitySpecimens tested in accordance with theprocedure in 10.6 shall not show cracking or delamination.7.7 Fungi ResistanceSpecimens shall not have growthgreater than the comparative item (southern yellow pine) whentested i
25、n accordance with 10.7. Use interpretation of results in7.2 of Test Method C1338.7.8 Thermal ResistanceDetermine the thermal resistancein accordance with procedures in 10.8. The surface-to-surfaceR-value of a test assembly shall not be less than 95 % of thelabel value when tested in accordance with
26、10.8.7.9 Hot-Surface PerformanceDetermine the Hot-Surfaceperformance in accordance with procedures in 10.9. Theminimum temperature requirement is 250F (121.1C).8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance8.1 The insulation system shall be manufactured, packagedand shipped in such a manner that, when recei
27、ved, it shall besuitable for installation.9. Sampling9.1 Sampling shall be performed in accordance with Prac-tice C390.10. Test Methods10.1 EmittanceThe emittance of the product shall betested in accordance with Test Method C1371.10.2 Water Vapor PermeanceThe permeance of the insu-lation product sha
28、ll be tested in accordance with Test MethodE96/E96M (Desiccant Method).10.3 Surface Burning CharacteristicsThe surface burningcharacteristics shall be determined in accordance with TestMethod E84 and Practice E2231.TABLE 1 Classification CriteriaPropertyTypeATypeBTypeCTypeDTypeEEmittance #0.10#0.10#
29、0.10#0.10#0.10Max. Flame Spread Index 25 25 25 25 25Max. Smoke Developed Index 50 50 50 50 50Hot Surface Performance Min.250FMin.250FMin.250FMin.250FMin.250FWater Vapor Permeance(perms)0.02or less0.02or less0.02or less0.02or less0.02or lessC1668 13a210.4 Aging ResistanceThe aging resistance of the p
30、roductshall be determined in accordance with Test Method C1258.10.5 Adhesive Performance10.5.1 Bleeding and Delamination:10.5.2 ScopeThis test method covers the determination ofbleeding and delamination of the reflective insulation.10.5.3 Significance and UseIt is necessary that reflectiveinsulation
31、 not show adhesive bleeding or delamination sincethere is a potential for loss of structural integrity, a change tothe emittance or a change in water permeability, or both.10.5.4 SamplingA minimum of three specimens of thereflective insulation, with dimensions of approximately 3 by 6in. (7.62 by 15.
32、24 cm), shall be tested. The specimens shall becut from separate locations on a roll or panel of the insulation.10.5.5 ProcedureSuspend the specimens vertically in anoven and heat to a temperature of 356 6 10F (180 6 5C) forat least 5 hours. Determine, under 5 magnification; has theadhesive bled or
33、exuded through the surface, or has separationof the foil from substrate (delamination) occurred.10.5.6 Precision and BiasNo information is presentedabout either precision or bias of this test method for determin-ing Bleeding and Delamination, since the test results arenon-quantitative.10.6 Pliabilit
34、y:10.6.1 ScopeThis test method covers the determination ofcracking or delamination of the reflective insulation due tofolding and bending. Any reflective insulation product thatdoes not require bending during installation shall be exemptfrom the requirements of this section.10.6.2 Significance and U
35、seIt is necessary that reflectiveinsulation not crack or delaminate since these are contributingfactors to loss of structural integrity and change in waterpermeability.10.6.3 SamplingA minimum of three specimens of thereflective insulation shall be subjected to two tests: onespecimen shall contain a
36、 factory produced edge.10.6.4 ProcedureImmediately prior to testing: (a) Thespecimens shall be conditioned at a temperature of 70 6 2F(21.1 6 1.1C) and a relative humidity of 50 6 5 % for aperiod of no less than 24 hours, for the first test. The secondtest shall be at 32 6 2F (0 6 1.1 C) for a perio
37、d of no lessthan 24 hours. (b) The foil laminate shall be folded inaccordance with TAPPI Standard T-512 sp-02 and the foldededge smoothed, using light finger pressure. The finishedlaminate shall not crack or delaminate when folded to an 180bend.10.6.5 Precision and BiasNo information is presentedabo
38、ut either precision or bias of TAPPI Standard T-512 sp-02for determining cracking or delamination, due to folding orbending, since the test is qualitative.10.7 Fungi ResistanceThe fungi resistance of the productshall be determined in accordance with Test Method C1338.10.8 Thermal ResistanceThe therm
39、al performance of thereflective insulation system shall be determined for a represen-tative specimen for a duct with a minimum dimension of 6-in.(15.24 cm) diameter or 6-in. (15.24 cm) square.10.8.1 The thermal resistance of reflective insulation sys-tems for duct application shall be determined in
40、an apparatusmeeting Test Method C335 and calculated using Equation 9 ofTest Method C335. Thermal data shall be determined for a testspecimen installed in accordance with the manufacturersinstructions. End-cap corrections, when utilized, shall meet therequirements of Test Method C335. The area used f
41、or thecalculation of R-value shall be the exterior surface of theheated test apparatus.10.8.2 The thermal resistance of a reflective duct insulationsystem depends on the mean temperature, emittance of thereflective surface(s), the size of the air space between theinsulation and the duct surface, and
42、 any thermal value from thesubstrate. The R-value shall be determined over a range ofmean temperatures that includes the labeling temperature of75F (23.9C), and a T of 30F (13.1C) or larger.10.8.3 The measured surface-to-surface R-values and thecorresponding mean temperatures of the reflective insul
43、ationassembly shall be used to obtain an equation relating theR-value to the mean assembly temperature using the Method ofLeast Squares as outlined in Practice C1045. The equationobtained in this manner shall be used to calculate the R-valueevenly spaced 5F increments over a range that extends from
44、atemperature that is no less than 25 % of the total measurementrange below the lowest measured mean assembly temperatureto no greater that 25 % of the total measurement range abovethe highest measured mean temperature. When a singleR-value measurement is made at 75F (23.9C) mean and Tof 30F (13.1C)
45、or greater that value shall be reported for thereflective insulation system.10.8.4 The results to be reported as a result of applying10.8.3 shall include all measured R-values and correspondingmean assembly temperatures. R-values shall be reported for thereflective insulation system for the region f
46、rom the duct surfaceto the insulation outer surface.10.8.5 The R-value used for labeling shall be the value at75F (23.9C) mean. Additional R-values at other mean tem-peratures are included as required for codes or design calcula-tions.10.9 Hot-Surface PerformanceThe Hot-Surface Perfor-mance shall be
47、 determined in accordance with Test MethodC411. When multiple layers are required to obtain a giventhermal value the first layer must sit on the test apparatus andall other layers including spacers shall be installed as manu-factures instructions.11. Inspection11.1 Inspection of the material shall b
48、e agreed upon be-tween the purchaser and supplier as part of the purchasecontract.12. Rejection and Rehearing12.1 Requirements Determined by Visual InspectionSamples shall be inspected visually for mechanical damage asfollows:12.1.1 Surface Punctures shall not exceed one non-repairable puncture per
49、500 ft2(152.4 m2).C1668 13a312.1.2 Damage (bleeding, corrosion) to reflective propertiesof surface coatings shall not exceed 2 % of the insulated area.12.1.3 Improper Assembly (when referenced to manufactur-ers specifications) shall not exceed 1 % of area.12.2 When inspection of reflective insulation specimensshow failure to conform to the requirements of the purchasespecification, a second specimen from the same lot shall betested and the results of this retest averaged with the results ofthe original test.12.3
