1、Designation: C1704/C1704M 09a (Reapproved 2016)Standard Test Method forSampling and Testing Structural Cementitious Panels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1704/C1704M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revi
2、sion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover sampling and testing ofstructural cementitious panels. Structural cementiti
3、ous panelsare non-combustible, water durable, fiber reinforced inorganiccomposite panels intended for use as structural panels whenfastened to supports spaced in accordance with the span ratingin inches.1.2 These test methods are utilized in evaluating productscited in Specification C1705/C1705M.1.3
4、 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the
5、 standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Re
6、ferenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C1705/C1705M Specification for Structural CementitiousPanels3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 cross machine direction (XMD), nthe direction per-pendicular to the machine direction.3.1.2 edge, nedges of a panel refer to the lo
7、ng side of arectangular panel. For example, ona4by8ftpanel, the edgesrefer to the sides of the panel that are 8 ft long.3.1.3 end, nthe end of a panel refers to the short side of arectangular panel. For example, ona4by8ftpanel, the endrefers to the side of the panel that is 4 ft long.3.1.4 fiber rei
8、nforced inorganic composite, na compositematerial composed primarily of inorganic matrix materialsreinforced primarily with inorganic fibers. Inorganic aggre-gates may be combined with the inorganic matrix.3.1.5 machine direction (MD), nthe direction the boardtravels during manufacture.3.1.6 non-com
9、bustibility, adjterm intended to describeproducts that do not ignite and/or burn when subjected to fire.Test methods are generally specified by reputable agenciessuch as ASTM, Factory Mutual, Underwriters Lab Inc., and soforth.3.1.7 plant specification, nthe plant specification is uniqueto each qual
10、ified product under a given performance standard.The specification is used in the plant quality program asaudited under the approved quality control program.3.1.8 performance standard, na standard for productsbased on performance. Performance is measured by tests thatapproximate end-use conditions.3
11、.1.9 qualification policy, npolicy that describes the pro-cedures by which a plant may obtain span rating privileges forperformance-rated products policy.3.1.10 quality assurance policy, npolicy covering thethird-party auditing of plants quality control program.3.1.11 reference value, nthe numerical
12、 value establishedfor the plant specification for a given mechanical or physicalproperty.3.1.12 sample average, nthe average test value, obtainedby summing the observations and dividing by the number oftests.3.1.13 sample panel, nstructural cementitious panel fromwhich test specimens are cut and con
13、ditioned as necessary.3.1.14 sample standard deviation, na measure of testvariation, calculated as:S 5 =(x22 (x!2/n#/n 2 1 (1)where:S = sample standard deviation,1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C27 on PrecastConcrete Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommi
14、ttee C27.40 on GlassFiber Reinforced Concrete.Current edition approved April 1, 2016. Published May 2016. Originallyapproved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C1704/C1704M 09a.DOI: 10.1520/C1704_C1704M-09AR162For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcon
15、tact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1x = test observation,
16、andn = number of observations.3.1.15 span rating, nthe recommended maximum center-to-center support spacing in inches for the specified end useunder normal use conditions.3.1.16 specimen, nthe individual test piece cut from asample panel.3.1.17 structural cementitious panel, nnon-combustible,water d
17、urable, fiber reinforced inorganic composite panelsintended for use as structural panels.3.1.18 test exposure condition, nthe condition to which apanel is subjected prior to test. Generally, such conditions arereferred to as the dry or wet conditions.3.1.19 test specimen, nspecimens cut from a sampl
18、e panelthat are used for testing.3.1.20 water durability, nperformance of a product aftersustained immersion in water for a specified period of time.4. Sampling and Inspection4.1 Panel samples shall be selected in sufficient quantity toenable statistical analysis. Test specimens prepared from panels
19、amples shall be sufficient in number to enable statisticalanalysis.5. Test Methods5.1 Water Absorption:5.1.1 Significance and UseThis is routine test. The valuesare relative. The test is made to determine the tendency of aproduct to absorb water and determine uniformity of theproduct.5.1.2 Procedure
20、Specimens shall be cut from sample pan-els at or before 28 days after manufacture (wet cast). Speci-mens shall be minimum 4 by 4 in. (101.6 by 101.6 mm).Specimens shall be cut from the interior area of each samplepanel in such a manner that no edge of a specimen is less than3 in. (76.2 mm) from the
21、original edges of the sample panel.The specimens will be equilibrium conditioned by placingthem for at least four days (thickness 12 in. (12 mm) or atleast seven days (thickness 12 in. (12 mm) in a controlledatmosphere of 73 6 4F (23 6 2C) and 50 6 5 % relativehumidity and in such a manner that all
22、faces are adequatelyventilated. The length of time specimens were equilibriumconditioned shall be recorded. Record the initial weight of eachspecimen. Submerge the specimens horizontally in 1 in. (25.4mm) of distilled or deionized water, maintained at a tempera-ture of 70 65F. Position the specimens
23、 so that they do not lieflat on the bottom of the container by placing shims underneaththe specimens. Ensure that water can reach all faces of thespecimens. Remove the specimens from water after 48 6 2h.Blot the specimens dry until no free moisture is visible on thesurface. A minimum of four specime
24、ns shall be prepared.Record the weight of each specimen.5.1.3 Calculation and ReportCalculate the water absorp-tion for each specimen using the following equation:WA5 WW2 WI!/WI100 (2)where:WA= water absorption (%),WW= wet weight of specimen, lb (g), andWI= initial weight of specimen, lb (g).5.1.3.1
25、 The average water absorption of the specimens shallbe the arithmetic mean value obtained from testing the fourspecimens. Report the arithmetic mean of the complete speci-men set.5.1.4 Precision and Bias:5.1.4.1 PrecisionThe precision of the water absorptiontest procedure in this standard is being d
26、etermined.5.1.4.2 BiasThe bias for the water absorption test proce-dure in this standard is being determined.5.2 Density:5.2.1 Significance and UseThis is routine test. The valuesare relative. The test is made to determine the density of theproduct and determine uniformity of the product.5.2.2 Proce
27、dureSpecimens shall be cut from test panels ator before 28 days after manufacture (wet cast). Specimens shallbe minimum 4 by 4 in. (101.6 by 101.6 mm). Specimens shallbe cut from the interior area of each sample panel in such amanner that no edge of a specimen is less than 3 in. (76.2 mm)from the or
28、iginal edges of the sample panel. A minimum offour specimens shall be prepared. Record the length, width,thickness, and weight of each specimen.5.2.3 Calculation and ReportCalculate the density foreach specimen using the following equation:For inch 2 pound units:D 5 WS/LWt!/1728# (3)where:D = densit
29、y of specimen, lb/ft3,WS= weight of specimen, lb,L = length of specimen, in.,W = width of specimen, in., andt = thickness of specimen, in.For SI units:D 5 WS/LWt! (4)where:D = density of specimen, kg/m3,WS= weight of specimen, kg,L = length of specimen, m,W = width of specimen, m, andt = thickness o
30、f specimen, m.5.2.3.1 The average density of the specimens shall be thearithmetic mean value obtained from testing the four speci-mens. Report the arithmetic mean of the complete specimenset.5.2.4 Precision and Bias:5.2.4.1 PrecisionThe precision of the density test proce-dure in this standard is be
31、ing determined.5.2.4.2 BiasThe bias of the density test procedure in thisstandard is being determined.5.3 Moment Capacity:5.3.1 Significance and UseThis is a routine test measuringa primary product characteristic.5.3.2 Procedure:5.3.2.1 Preparation of Test SpecimensSpecimens shall becut from test pa
32、nels at a time after initial production such thatC1704/C1704M 09a (2016)2handling the panels will not affect the physical properties of thespecimens. Specimens shall be minimum 4 in. (101.6 mm) by11 in (279.4 mm). A minimum of six specimens shall be cutwith the long dimension of the specimen paralle
33、l to the longaxis of the sample sheet. A minimum of six specimens shall becut with the long dimension of the specimen perpendicular tothe long axis of the sample sheet.5.3.2.2 Conditioning:(1) DryCondition the cut specimens at 75 6 10F (24 65C) and 50 6 15 % relative humidity for a minimum of 24 hpr
34、ior to testing.(2) WetSubmerge the specimens in water, maintained ata temperature of 70 6 5F. Position the specimens so that theydo not lie flat on the bottom of the container. Ensure that watercan reach all faces of the specimens. Remove the specimensfrom water after 48 6 2 h. Blot the specimens dr
35、y until no freemoisture is visible on the surface. Immediately commence withthe test procedure as described in 5.3.2.3.5.3.2.3 Test Procedure:(1) Specimens shall be tested in the face-up and face-downorientations. The face-up orientation in the flexural testingcorresponds to the orientation of the s
36、pecimen in which its castsurface (during manufacture) is in flexural tension. The face-down orientation in the flexural testing corresponds to theorientation of the specimen in which its cast surface (duringmanufacture) is in flexural compression. A minimum of threespecimens shall be tested in the f
37、ace-up orientation, with thelong dimension of the specimen parallel to the long axis of thesample sheet. A minimum of three specimens shall be tested inthe face-up orientation, with the long dimension of the speci-men perpendicular to the long axis of the sample sheet. Aminimum of three specimens sh
38、all be tested in the face-downorientation, with the long dimension of the specimen parallel tothe long axis of the sample sheet. A minimum of threespecimens shall be tested in the face-down orientation, with thelong dimension of the specimen perpendicular to the long axisof the sample sheet(2) Deter
39、mine the moment capacity of each specimen byplacing the specimen on supports that cannot exert longitudinalconstraints rocker-type bearing edges, rollers, and so forth,with a19-in. (3.2-mm) minimum radius and12-in. (12.7-mm)maximum radius and applying the load at mid-span throughsimilar edge bearing
40、 against the other surface of the specimen.The test span shall be 10 6116 in. (254 6 1.6 mm) and the loadline and supports shall be parallel. Mount a dial micrometerreading to 0.01 in (0.25 mm) or an equally sensitive apparatus,to bear on the loading member or on the specimen at mid-spanto determine
41、 the deflection of the specimen at the center of thetest span. Apply load at a crosshead speed of 0.25 to 1.00in./min. Record the load versus deflection plot until specimenfailure. The maximum load attained in the test is recorded asthe breaking load.(3) Measure the specimen thickness at four points
42、 along theline of break for an average result. This measurement may becompleted either before or after load testing. The thicknessgauge shall have an accuracy of 60.002-in. (60.05-mm).5.3.3 Calculation and ReportCalculate the moment ca-pacity for each specimen using the following equation:For inch 2
43、 pound units:M 5 PL/4!12/b! (5)where:M = moment capacity, lbf-in./ft width,P = breaking load, lbf,L = length of span, in., andb = specimen width, in.For SI units:M 5 PL/4!1/b! (6)where:M = moment capacity, N-m/m width,P = breaking load, N,L = length of span, m, andb = specimen width, m.5.3.4 The ave
44、rage moment capacity of the specimens shallbe the arithmetic mean value obtained from the twoorientations, face-up and face-down. Report the arithmeticmean of the complete specimen set. Report the arithmetic meanof dry and wet tests separately.5.3.5 Precision and Bias:5.3.5.1 PrecisionThe precision
45、of the moment capacitytest procedure in this standard is being determined.5.3.5.2 BiasThe bias for the moment capacity test proce-dure in this standard is being determined.5.4 Bending Stiffness:5.4.1 Significance and UseThis is a routine test measuringa primary product characteristic.5.4.2 Procedure
46、:5.4.2.1 Preparation of Test SpecimensSame as 5.3.2.1.5.4.2.2 ConditioningSame as 5.3.2.2.5.4.2.3 Test ProcedureSame as 5.3.2.3.5.4.3 Calculation and ReportCalculate the bending stiff-ness for each specimen using the following equation:For inch 2 pound units:B 5 P22 P1!L3! / 48y22 y1!#12/b!(7)where:
47、B = bending stiffness, lb-in.2/ft width,P = breaking load, lbf,L = length of span, in,.b = specimen width, in.,P1and P2= loads taken from two points within the initiallinear section of the load-displacement plot, lbf,andy1and y2= deflections corresponding to the loads P1andP2, respectively, in.For S
48、I units:B 5 P22 P1!L3! / 48y22 y1!#1/b! (8)where:B = bending stiffness, N-m2/m width,P = breaking load, N,L = length of span, m.b = specimen width, m,P1and P2= loads taken from two points within the initiallinear section of the load-displacement plot, N,andy1and y2= deflections corresponding to the
49、loads P1andP2, respectively, m.C1704/C1704M 09a (2016)35.4.3.1 The average bending stiffness of the specimens shallbe the arithmetic mean value obtained from the twoorientations, face-up and face-down. Report the arithmeticmean of the complete specimen set.5.4.4 Precision and Bias:5.4.4.1 PrecisionThe precision of the bending stiffnesstest procedure in this standard is being determined.5.4.4.2 BiasThe bias for the moment capacity test proce-dure in this standard is being determined.6.
