1、Designation: C1712 14C1712 17Standard Test Method forRapid Assessment of Static Segregation Resistance of Self-Consolidating Concrete Using Penetration Test1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1712; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adopt
2、ion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the rapid assessment of static segregation resis
3、tance of normal-weight self-consolidating concrete(SCC). The test does not measure static segregation resistance directly, but provides an assessment of whether static segregationis likely to occur.1.2 The test apparatus and protocol were developed based on tests with SCC mixtures containing saturat
4、ed surface dry (SSD)coarse aggregates ranging in relative density from 2.67 to 2.79 and in nominal maximum size from 9.5 mm to 25 mm. For SCCmixtures outside these ranges, testing is recommended to establish a correlation between penetration depth and static segregationmeasured in accordance with Te
5、st Method C1610/C1610M. This test method shall not be used to assess the static segregationresistance of self-consolidating concrete containing lightweight aggregates or heavyweight aggregates without prior testing toestablish a correlation.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as sta
6、ndard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes shallnot be considered as requirements of the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
7、 safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (WarningFresh hydraulic cementitious mixtur
8、es are caustic and may causechemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, G
9、uides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete AggregatesC143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteC172C172/C172M Practice for
10、 Sampling Freshly Mixed ConcreteC173/C173M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric MethodC192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the LaboratoryC1610/C1610M Test Method for Static Segregation of Self-Consolidating Concrete Using Column Tech
11、niqueC1611/C1611M Test Method for Slump Flow of Self-Consolidating ConcreteC1758/C1758M Practice for Fabricating Test Specimens with Self-Consolidating Concrete3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology C125.1 This test method is under
12、 the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.47 onSelf-Consolidating Concrete.Current edition approved April 1, 2014Aug. 1, 2017. Published June 2014August 2017. Originally approved in 2009. Last previous edition app
13、roved in 20092014 asC1712 09.C1712 14. DOI: 10.1520/C1712/C1712M-14.10.1520/C1712-17.2 Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.02.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Servi
14、ce at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standardsstandards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the
15、 previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary o
16、f Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 static segregation resistance, nresistance of a concrete mixture to segregat
17、ion of the mortar component from the coarseaggregate while the concrete is at rest and before initial setting.C1712 1724. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method uses a penetration apparatus (shown in Figs. 1 and 2) and an inverted slump mold (Fig. 3). A sample offreshly mixed self-consolidating
18、concrete is placed in an inverted slump mold without tamping or vibration. The hollow cylinderattached to a metal rod is aligned in the center of the inverted slump mold as shown in Fig. 3. The hollow cylinder is then loweredonto the surface of the concrete and released to freely penetrate into the
19、fresh concrete. The penetration depth (Pd) is determinedand used to assess the static segregation resistance of the self-consolidating concrete mixture (1-5).45. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is for the rapid assessment of the static segregation resistance of self-consolidating concrete.5
20、.2 The method is useful for rapid assessment of the static segregation resistance of self-consolidating concrete during mixturedevelopment in the laboratory as well as prior to placement of the mixture in the field. Test Method C1610/C1610M for staticsegregation of SCC is not sufficiently rapid, and
21、 the non-mandatory Visual Stability Index as determined through the proceduredescribed in Appendix X1 of Test Method C1611/C1611M is highly subjective and qualitative.5.3 Appendix X1 provides non-mandatory criteria that may be used to indicate the degree of static segregation resistance ofself-conso
22、lidating concrete mixtures.6. Apparatus6.1 MoldThe slump mold is used in this test method and shall conform to Test Method C143/C143M.6.2 Penetration ApparatusThe penetration apparatus, shown in Fig. 1, consists of a support frame, a metal sleeve, a set screw,a penetration head and a reading scale.
23、The penetration head, consisting of a non-corrosive hollow cylinder and a metal rod, hasa mass of 4561 g. The rod is bolted vertically into the center of the top of the hollow cylinder and acts as a unit with the cylinder.The inner diameter, wall thickness, and height of the hollow cylinder are 7561
24、 mm, 1.560.1 mm, and 5061 mm, respectively.Holes are symmetrically drilled on the top surface of the hollow cylinder to allow air to escape during the penetration test.At leasttwo holes with a minimum diameter of 6 mm must be provided (see Note 1). The reading scale shall be 55 mm long and markedin
25、1 mm increments. The scale is mounted on the support frame and adjacent to the metal rod, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. With4 The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of this standard.FIG. 1 Dimension of Penetration ApparatusC1712 173both the support frame and the ho
26、llow cylinder resting on a flat surface, the top of the metal rod shall be 5 mm below the top ofthe reading scale (see Note 2). The diameter of the metal rod shall be 4.5 6 0.5 mm. The inner diameter of the metal sleeve shallbe 0.7 6 0.1 mm larger than the diameter of the metal rod to minimize frict
27、ion as the rod slides.NOTE 1The number and size of the holes may be chosen to be greater than the minimum stated in 6.2 to achieve the required mass (45 6 1 g) ofthe penetration head. The hollow cylinder shown in Fig. 2 is made of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) and has six holes on the top surface; each h
28、ole has adiameter of approximately 10 mm.NOTE 2This enables the top of the metal rod to be used as the mark for taking both the initial and final readings since it will always lie within therange of the reading scale when the surface of the concrete in the mold is properly leveled (see 8.5).6.3 Base
29、 Plate (Optional)As described in Test Method C1611/C1611M.6.4 Strike-off BarAs described in Test Method C173/C173M.6.5 Sample ReceptacleApan or wheelbarrow that is water-tight, has a nonabsorbent surface, and is large enough to allow bothremixing of the entire sample and retain a volume of concrete
30、sufficient to fill the mold.FIG. 2 Penetration ApparatusFIG. 3 Penetration TestC1712 1746.6 Pouring Vessel for SCCA water-tight container having a volume such that concrete is not spilled during placement in themold.NOTE 3A pouring vessel with a pouring lip is useful in reducing the probability of c
31、oncrete spilling while filling the mold.6.6 Other ToolsItems such as shovels and scoops capable of remixing the concrete in the sample receptacle, filling the pouringvessel, or both.7. Sample7.1 Obtain a sample of freshly mixed self-consolidating concrete in accordance with Practice C172C172/C172M o
32、r PracticeC192/C192M, and place it in the sample receptacle.8. Procedure8.1 Perform this test on a flat, level, nonabsorbent work surface such as a concrete floor or base plate. Use a base plate inconditions where a flat, level surface is not available, such as on a construction site. When the base
33、plate is used, position and shimthe base plate so that it is fully supported. Dampen the work surface, removing any standing water. Do not subject the work surfaceor mold to vibration or disturbance.8.2 Conditioning the Penetration ApparatusDampen the hollow cylinder, then hold the apparatus in the
34、horizontal positionand release the set screw. Spin the penetration head to ensure that the space between the metal sleeve and the metal rod is freeof any obstruction. Tighten the screw softly to hold the rod in the sleeve.8.3 Remixing of SampleRemix the sample, obtained in accordance with 7.1, in th
35、e sample receptacle using a shovel or scoopso that the concrete is homogeneous.8.4 Dampen the interior of the mold and place it on the work surface, or centered on the base plate, with the smaller openingfacing down.8.5 Fill Pouring VesselImmediately fill the pouring vessel with a portion of SCC fro
36、m the sample receptacle, either by passingthe pouring vessel through the concrete or by scooping concrete into the vessel.8.5 Filling ProcedureImmediately fill Fill the mold with SCC by tilting the pouring vessel. Positionfollowing the procedurein Practice C1758/C1758Mthe lowest point on the rim of
37、the pouring vessel no more than 125 mm above the top of the mold.Ensure an even distribution of concrete, without rodding the concrete or tapping the sides of the mold, while filling the mold8.7 If necessary, repeat the procedures in 8.5 and 8.6 until the mold is filled slightly above its rim.8.6 St
38、rike OffStrike off the surface of the concrete with the strike-off bar. Allow the concrete to stabilize for 80 6 5 s afterfinishing strike-off before measuring the penetration.8.7 Positioning the Penetration ApparatusWhile the concrete is stabilizing, place the penetration apparatus on the top of th
39、einverted slump mold, making sure that the hollow cylinder is aligned in the center of the inverted mold (see Fig. 3 and Note 43).NOTE 3Aligning the corners of the frame approximately on the circumference of the slump mold will ensure alignment of the hollow cylinder in thecenter of the mold.8.8 Mea
40、suring the Penetration Depth (Pd):8.8.1 Initial ReadingHold the metal rod attached to the hollow cylinder with one hand and release the set screw. Lower thehollow cylinder carefully so that it just touches the surface of the concrete. Tighten the screw and take the initial reading on thereading scal
41、e at the mark that is in line with the top of the metal rod.8.8.2 Final ReadingAt the end of the period over which the concrete is allowed to stabilize (80 6 5 s after completion ofstrike-off), release the set screw so that the hollow cylinder freely penetrates the fresh concrete. Wait for 30 6 2 s
42、after releasingthe set screw and take the final reading on the reading scale at the mark that is in line with the top of the metal rod. After takingthe reading, remove the penetration apparatus. Between uses, wash the penetration apparatus and remove any free water on thesurfaces of the hollow cylin
43、der and the metal rod with a cloth or paper towel.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate the penetration depth, Pd, according to the following equation:Pd5d22d1 (1)where:d1 = initial reading (mm), andd2 = final reading (mm).10. Report10.1 Concrete mixture designation.10.2 The penetration depth (Pd) to the near
44、est 1 mm.C1712 17511. Precision and Bias11.1 PrecisionThe estimation of the precision of this test method is provisional. Repeatability standard deviations weredetermined on five replicate batches of SCC mixtures at each of four levels of mean penetration depth (5). At a mean penetrationdepth of 3 m
45、m, the repeatability standard deviation was 1 mm; at a mean penetration depth of 13 mm, the repeatability standarddeviation was 2 mm; and at mean penetration depths of 23 mm and 30 mm, the repeatability standard deviation was 3 mm. Thedifferences in repeatability standard deviation are small over th
46、e range of mean penetration depths of 3 to 30 mm. The averagerepeatability standard deviation over this range of mean penetration depths is 2 mm.11.2 BiasThis test method has no bias because the values determined can only be defined in terms of the test method.12. Keywords12.1 penetration depth; pen
47、etration test; rapid test; segregation; self-consolidating concrete; stability; static segregationresistanceAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. DEGREE OF STATIC SEGREGATION RESISTANCE OF CONCRETE MIXTURESX1.1 The criteria for the different degrees of static segregation resistance are provided in T
48、able X1.1 and are based on evaluationsof SCC mixtures with nominal maximum aggregate sizes in the range of 9.5 to 25 mm. These criteria were developed through acorrelation between penetration depth and static segregation measured in accordance with Test Method C1610/C1610M (1-5).REFERENCES(1) Bui V.
49、, Attiogbe, E., Vojtko, D., Schaef S., and See H., “A Rapid Test for Segregation Resistance of Self-Consolidating Concrete,”NRMCA ConcreteTechnology Forum, Dallas, Texas, USA, May 2224, 2007.(2) Bui, V., Montgomery, D., Hinczak, I., and Turner, K., “Rapid Testing Method for Segregation Resistance of Self-Compacting Concrete,”Cement andConcrete Research Journal, Vol 32, No. 9, 2002, pp. 14891496.(3) Bui, V., and Shah, S. P., “Rapid Methods for Testing Quality of Self-Consolidating Concrete,”Proceedings of First North American Conference onthe Desig
