1、Designation: C1731 15Standard Specification forConcrete Floor Tile1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1731; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indica
2、tes the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe purpose of this specification is to establish the product specifications and minimumperformance requirements of concrete floor tile.1. Scope*1.1 This specifica
3、tion covers concrete floor tile (CFT) forapplication as interior and exterior flooring. The units de-scribed by this specification are manufactured from cementi-tious materials, mineral aggregates (normal weight,lightweight, or both), water, and additives that are cast intovarious textures and shape
4、s, often simulating natural stone,brick, terracotta, saltillo, and others.1.2 This specification is limited to requirements for thephysical attributes for the CFT units.1.3 The use of results from testing installed CFT units thathave been removed from use for determining conformance ornonconformance
5、 to the requirements of this specification isbeyond the scope of this specification.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1
6、.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Do
7、cuments2.1 ASTM Standards:C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete TestSpecimens in the FieldC33/C33M Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin-drical Concrete SpecimensC140/C140M Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Con-crete Masonry Units
8、and Related UnitsC150/C150M Specification for Portland CementC157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of HardenedHydraulic-Cement Mortar and ConcreteC172/C172M Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Con-creteC260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixturesfor ConcreteC331/C331M Specification for
9、Lightweight Aggregates forConcrete Masonry UnitsC482 Test Method for Bond Strength of Ceramic Tile toPortland Cement PasteC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural P
10、ozzolan for Use in ConcreteC979/C979M Specification for Pigments for Integrally Col-ored ConcreteC989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use inConcrete and MortarsC1028 Test Method for Determining the Static Coefficient ofFriction of Ceramic Tile and Other Like Surfaces by theHorizontal Dynamom
11、eter Pull-Meter Method (Withdrawn2014)2C1093 Practice for Accreditation of Testing Agencies forMasonryC1116/C1116M Specification for Fiber-Reinforced ConcreteC1157/C1157M Performance Specification for HydraulicCementC1232 Terminology of MasonryC1353/C1353M Test Method for Abrasion Resistance ofDimen
12、sion Stone Subjected to Foot Traffic Using a RotaryPlatform Abraser1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 onManufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC15.03 on Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units.Current edition approved July 1, 2015
13、. Published July 2015. Originally approvedin 2013. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as C1731 13. DOI: 10.1520/C173115.2The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM Internationa
14、l, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1C1600/C1600M Specification for Rapid Hardening Hydrau-lic CementC1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in theProduction of Hydraulic Cement ConcreteC1645/C1645M Test Method for Freeze-thaw and De-icingSa
15、lt Durability of Solid Concrete Interlocking PavingUnitsNOTE 1An installation guide for concrete floor tile (CFT) is beingdeveloped concurrently in Subcommittee C15.05 Masonry Assemblies.3. Terminology3.1 Terminology defined in Terminology C1232 shall applyfor this section.3.2 Definitions of Terms S
16、pecific to This Standard:3.2.1 concrete floor tile (CFT), nmanufactured masonryunit that is a blend of cementitious material, aggregates,pigments, chemical admixtures, and water that is designed tobe applied via masonry mortar to a horizontal substrate.3.2.2 back pattern, ngrooves or other textures
17、included onthe back of the CFT unit.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 Cementitious Materials shall conform to the followingapplicable specifications:4.1.1 Portland CementSpecification C150/C150M.4.1.2 Blended CementSpecification C595/C595M.4.1.3 Hydraulic CementSpecification C1157/C1157M.4.1.4 Rapid H
18、ardening Hydraulic CementsSpecificationC1600/C1600M.4.1.5 Pozzolans and Fly AshSpecification C618.4.1.6 Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace SlagSpecification C989/C989M.4.2 Aggregates shall conform to the following applicablespecifications, except that grading requirements shall notnecessarily apply:4.2
19、.1 Normal WeightSpecification C33/C33M.4.2.2 LightweightSpecification C331/C331M.4.3 Chemical Admixtures shall conform to the followingapplicable specifications:4.3.1 Air-Entraining AdmixturesSpecification C260/C260M.4.3.2 Water-Reducing, Retarding, and AcceleratingAdmixturesSpecification C494/C494M
20、.4.3.3 Pigments for Integrally Colored ConcreteSpecification C979/C979M.4.4 Reinforcing FibersSpecification C1116/C1116M.4.5 WaterSpecification C1602/C1602M.4.6 Other ConstituentsIntegral water repellents and othermaterials shall be previously established as suitable for use inconcrete floor tile or
21、 shall be shown by test or experience notto be detrimental to concrete floor tile or any material custom-arily used in concrete floor tile construction.5. Physical Properties5.1 Dimensions:5.1.1 CFT units shall have a minimum thickness of14 in.(6.4 mm) and a maximum thickness of 1.2 in. (30 mm).5.1.
22、2 CFT units shall not exceed 36 in. (914 mm) in anyface dimension.5.1.3 Dimensional Tolerances:5.1.3.1 Standard UnitsFor standard units, no overall di-mension (width, height, and length) shall differ by more than618 in. (3.2 mm) from the specified dimensions.5.1.3.2 Irregular UnitsFor irregular unit
23、s that featuredeliberate dimensional variations more than 618 in. (3.2 mm),the CFT manufacturer shall be consulted as to specific dimen-sional tolerances.NOTE 2Dimensional tolerances for irregular units may vary due to thewide variety of CFT shapes and styles including tumbled, flagstone, andother r
24、ustic appearances.5.2 Compressive Strength:5.2.1 The average compressive strength shall equal orexceed 4000 psi (27.6 MPa) with no individual specimen lessthan 3600 psi (24.8 MPa).5.2.2 For wet-cast products sample concrete from regularproduction in accordance with Practice C172/C172M andprepare thr
25、ee cylinders in accordance with Practice C31/C31M. Test compressive strength of the concrete mix inaccordance with Test Method C39/C39M.5.2.3 For dry-cast products sample a minimum of threespecimens from regular production in accordance with TestMethod C140/C140M. Test compressive strength in accor-
26、dance with Annex A4.3 of Test Method C140/C140M.5.3 Shear Bond Strength:5.3.1 Units shall develop a shear bond strength with themortar substrate of at least 50 psi (0.34 MPa) when tested inaccordance with Test Method C482 with the following modi-fications (listed in 5.3.1.1 through 5.3.1.4):5.3.1.1
27、Five units shall be tested.5.3.1.2 The mortar substrate shall be that specified fortesting of non-vitreous tile in Test Method C482.5.3.1.3 CFT units shall be cut to 4 by 4 in. (101.6 by 101.6mm). If the CFT nominal unit length or width is smaller than4 in. (101.6 mm), the CFT unit mix shall be cast
28、 into a largermold that allows the 4- by 4-in. (101.6- by 101.6-mm) sampleunit to be cut.5.3.1.4 Shear bond testing shall be conducted using theactual bonding surface of the CFT unit as manufactured. If theCFT unit used for testing has a directional back pattern, thisback pattern shall be oriented p
29、arallel to the direction ofloading.5.4 Resistance to Freezing and Thawing:5.4.1 If units are exposed to freezing and deicing materialsduring service, the manufacturer shall satisfy the purchasereither by proven field performance or a laboratory freezing-and-thawing test that the units have adequate
30、resistance tofreezing and thawing.5.4.2 If a laboratory test is used sample and test five CFTunits in accordance with Test Method C1645/C1645M. Speci-mens sampled from units that will not be exposed to deicingsalts in service shall be tested in tap water. Specimens sampledfrom units that will be exp
31、osed to deicing materials in serviceshall be tested in a 3 % saline solution. If the CFT is too largeC1731 152to test full-size due to specimen configuration or lack ofsuitable specimen containers, obtain a specimen by saw-cuttinga full-height coupon with a surface area of at least 29.5 in.2(190 cm2
32、).5.4.3 The average mass loss of all the specimens tested shallnot be greater than: (a) 225 g/m2when subject to 28 freeze-thaw cycles, or: (b) 500 g/m2when subject to 49 freeze-thawcycles.5.5 Water Absorption:5.5.1 Sample and test three CFT units in accordance withTest Method C140/C140M.5.5.2 Perfor
33、m tests on full-size CFT units. If the CFT is toolarge for the testing apparatus, the unit shall be cut to 8 by 8 in.(203.2 by 203.2 mm) or as necessary to fit the testingapparatus.5.5.3 The average CFT water absorption shall not exceed12 % with no individual specimen exceeding 14 %.5.6 Flexural Loa
34、d:5.6.1 Sample and test three CFT units in accordance withAnnex A6.5 of Test Method C140/C140M.5.6.2 The average CFT flexural load shall be greater than orequal to 300 lbs (1334 N) with no individual specimen lessthan 250 lbs (1112 N).5.7 Length Change:5.7.1 The concrete mix shall be tested for leng
35、th change inaccordance with Test Method C157/C157M except as modifiedbelow:5.7.1.1 Sample concrete from regular production in accor-dance with Practice C172/C172M and mold three prismspecimens for testing following the requirements in Proceduresfor Molding Specimens, Concrete Speciments of Test Meth
36、odC157/C157M.5.7.2 The length change of each specimen shall not exceed60.10 % when tested at seven days after manufacture.5.8 Abrasion Resistance:5.8.1 Sample and test three full-size CFT units in accor-dance with Test Method C1353/C1353M.5.8.2 For each unit, CFT wear index shall be 20 or greater.5.
37、9 Static Coeffcient of Friction:5.9.1 Sample and test three CFT units in accordance withTest Method C1028.5.9.2 For each unit, static coefficient of friction values forboth wet and dry surfaces shall be 0.6 or greater.NOTE 3Sealing CFT units may affect coefficient of friction values.6. Sampling6.1 S
38、ampling Concrete MixesFrom each manufacturinglocation, obtain representative samples from standard produc-tion of each concrete mix used for CFT, as appropriate for thephysical property in Section 5.6.2 Sampling Concrete Floor TileFrom each manufactur-ing location, obtain samples of CFT units that a
39、re representa-tive of the production from which they are selected.6.3 Test samples biannually or when materials, proportions,or production methods have changed, whichever is morefrequent.6.3.1 Testing laboratories shall be accredited in accordancewith Practice C1093 or an equivalent standard if test
40、ingperformed by laboratories not specializing in masonry materi-als.6.3.2 All samples shall be tested at least 28 days aftermanufacture unless otherwise indicated.6.4 Color and TextureIf concrete floor tile having aparticular color, color range, or texture are desired, thesefeatures shall be specifi
41、ed separately by the purchaser. Thetexture of the finished surfaces that will be exposed when inplace shall conform to an approved sample consisting of notless than four concrete floor tiles, each representing the texturedesired. The color range shall be indicated by the approvedsamples.7. Packaging
42、 and Package Marking7.1 Each package shall identify the manufacturers name,product name and identification, date and location ofmanufacture, and statement of product conformity to thisspecification.8. Certification8.1 Upon request of the purchaser in the contract or order amanufacturers report shall
43、 be furnished at the time of ship-ment stating results of tests made on samples from regularproduction and certifying that the CFT units conform toapplicable requirements of this specification.NOTE 4Guidance on preparing the manufacturers report is providedin Appendix X1.9. Keywords9.1 adhered; ceme
44、ntitious; CFT; concrete; concrete floortile; flooring; manufactured; masonry; tileC1731 153APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. MANUFACTURERS REPORTX1.1 A complete report shall include the following:X1.1.1 Dimensions of each CFT unit specified;X1.1.2 The weight per area of CFT units;X1.1.3 The maxi
45、mum compressive load imposed on eachsample along with the compressive strength in pounds persquare inch as determined in 5.2;X1.1.4 The maximum load and shear bond strength asdetermined in 5.3;X1.1.4.1 The location of failure of each specimen shall benoted, that is, in the CFT unit itself between th
46、e concrete tileunit and the bond coat, between the bond coat and the mortarsetting bed, and in the setting bed itself;X1.1.5 Weight loss as a percentage of the original weight ofthe dry CFT units as determined in 5.4;X1.1.5.1 The number of cycles at the time of CFT disinte-gration;X1.1.5.2 The type
47、of breakage or disintegration in detail;X1.1.6 Water absorption as determined in 5.5;X1.1.7 Maximum flexural load as determined in 5.6;X1.1.8 Length change as determined in 5.7;X1.1.9 Abrasion resistance as determined in 5.8; andX1.1.10 Static coefficient of friction as determined in 5.9.SUMMARY OF
48、CHANGESCommittee C15 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (C1731 13) that may impact the use of this standard. (July 1, 2015)(1) Revised 5.3 to clarify the type of mortar substrate to use forthe shear bond test.ASTM International takes no position res
49、pecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional s
