1、Designation: C1790 15Standard Specification forFly Ash Facing Brick1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1790; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indic
2、ates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers fly ash brick intended for usein masonry, which are made from fly ash, water, and suitablemineral aggregates with or without the inclus
3、ion of othermaterials, and without the use of portland cement. Thisspecification covers units intended for use in masonry, in bothstructural and facing applications.1.2 Units covered under this specification include a fly ashbinder that undergoes hydraulic, pozzolanic, alkali-activated,or geopolymer
4、 reactions, or any combination thereof. Thesechemical reactions, in conjunction with the other materials inthe units, provide the strength and durability necessary to meetthe requirements of this specification.NOTE 1This specification addresses properties of units formed usingfly ash, aggregates, an
5、d other allowed binders. Although not required bythis standard, users may request tests that establish assembly performancesuch as unit-mortar bond and fire resistance.1.3 This specification references notes and footnotes, whichprovide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (ex-cluding thos
6、e in tables and figures) shall not be considered asrequirements of the standard.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associ
7、ated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC140 Test Methods f
8、or Sampling and Testing ConcreteMasonry Units and Related UnitsC331 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for ConcreteMasonry UnitsC426 Test Method for Linear Drying Shrinkage of ConcreteMasonry UnitsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC979 S
9、pecification for Pigments for Integrally Colored Con-creteC989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete andMortarsC1232 Terminology of MasonryC1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in CementitiousMixturesC1645 Test Method for Freeze-thaw and De-icing SaltDurability of Solid Concrete Inter
10、locking Paving Units3. Terminology3.1 Terms defined in Terminology C1232 shall apply for thisspecification.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 fly ash brick, na masonry unit made from fly ash,water, and suitable aggregates with or without the inclusion ofother materials and spec
11、ifically without the inclusion of port-land cement.4. Materials4.1 Cementitious MaterialsNo portland cement shall beused. Materials shall conform to the following applicablespecifications:4.1.1 PozzolansSpecification C618.4.1.2 Slag CementSpecification C989.4.1.3 Silica FumeSpecification C1240.4.2 A
12、ggregatesAggregates shall conform to the followingspecifications, except that grading requirements shall notnecessarily apply:4.2.1 Normal Weight AggregatesSpecification C33.4.2.2 Lightweight AggregatesSpecification C331.4.3 Pigments for Integrally Colored ConcreteSpecification C979.4.4 Other Consti
13、tuentsOther constituent materials shall bepreviously established as suitable for use in fly ash units andshall conform to applicable ASTM standards or shall be shownby test or experience not to be detrimental to the durability ofthe fly ash units or any material customarily used in masonryconstructi
14、on.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 onManufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC15.03 on Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units.Current edition approved June 1, 2015. Published June 2015. Originallyapproved in 2014. Last previous e
15、dition approved in 2014 as C1790 14a. DOI:10.1520/C1790-15.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15. Physical Properties5.1 Physical RequirementsAt the time of
16、delivery to thepurchaser, units shall conform to the physical requirementsprescribed in Table 1. All units shall be sound and free ofcracks or other defects that interfere with the proper placementof the units or significantly impair the strength or permanenceof the construction. Minor cracks incide
17、ntal to the usualmethod of manufacture or minor chipping resulting fromcustomary methods of handling in shipment and delivery arenot grounds for rejection.5.2 StrengthWhen bricks are required having strengthsgreater than prescribed by this specification, the purchaser shallspecify the desired minimu
18、m compressive strength.5.3 DurabilityFreeze-thaw durability shall be demon-strated by test. The units shall be tested in accordance with 8.5.The average mass loss of all the specimens tested shall not begreater than: (a) 0.046 lb/ft2(225 g/m2) when subject to 28freeze-thaw cycles, or (b) 0.102 lb/ft
19、2(500 g/m2) when subjectto 49 freeze-thaw cycles.5.4 ShrinkageAt the time of delivery to the purchaser, thetotal linear drying shrinkage of units shall not exceed 0.065 %when tested in accordance with Test Method C426.NOTE 2The purchaser is the public body or authority, association,corporation, part
20、nership, or individual entering into a contract or agree-ment to purchase or install, or both, fly ash facing brick. The time ofdelivery to the purchaser is FOB plant when the purchaser or thepurchasers agent transports the fly ash facing brick, or at the timeunloaded at the worksite if the manufact
21、urer or the manufacturers agenttransports the fly ash facing brick.6. Permissible Variation in Dimensions6.1 Measured width, height, and length of test specimensshall not differ by more than the amount shown in Table 2.NOTE 3Specified dimensions of fly ash facing brick are the manu-facturers designa
22、ted dimensions.6.2 For those units with faces altered for aesthetic purposes,overall dimensional tolerances apply only to those dimensionsnot affected by the altering.NOTE 4For such units, dimensions will vary. Consult with suppliers todetermine achievable dimensional tolerances.6.3 For cored fly as
23、h facing brick, the net cross-sectionalarea in any plane parallel to the surface containing the coresshall be at least 75 % of the gross cross-sectional areameasured in the same plane. No part of any hole shall be lessthan34 in. (19.1 mm) from any edge of the unit.7. Finish and Appearance7.1 At the
24、time of delivery to the purchaser, no more than5 % of the units in the shipment shall have finished face(s) thatexhibit one or more of the characteristics described in 7.1.1through 7.1.3.7.1.1 Units containing chips larger than12 in. (12.5 mm) inany dimension.7.1.2 Units containing cracks wider than
25、 0.02 in. (0.5 mm)and longer than 25 % of the nominal height of the unit.7.1.3 Broken units.NOTE 5Units specified to have particular features or finishes, such assplit face and tumbled units, should not be rejected based on theconformance of such features to the requirements of 7.1.1.7.2 The finishe
26、d face(s) of units shall not show imperfec-tions except as permitted in 7.1.1 though 7.1.2 when viewedfrom a distance of 20 ft under diffused lighting.7.3 The color and texture shall be specified by the purchaser.The exposed faces shall conform to an approved sampleconsisting of not fewer than four
27、units, representing the rangeof color and range of texture permitted.NOTE 6Fly ash brick are produced using a wide variety of naturalaggregates and other materials. As such, slight variations inherent innatural materials should be expected. Since specifying units and approv-ing samples can take plac
28、e several months prior to production of actualunits for a project, slight variations in appearance from the approvedsample are to be expected.8. Sampling and Testing8.1 For purposes of testing, the term lot refers to anynumber of fly ash units of any configuration or dimensionmanufactured by the pro
29、ducer using the same materials, mixdesign, manufacturing process, and curing method.8.2 Compressive strength and absorption shall be based ontests of fly ash facing brick from the same lot. Sample and testcompressive strength and absorption in accordance with TestMethods C140, Annex A2, within 12 mo
30、nths of production ofthe units.TABLE 1 Strength, Absorption, and Density Classification RequirementsADensityClassificationOven-Dry Density, lb/ft3(kg/m3)Maximum Water Absorption, lb/ft3(kg/m3) Minimum Net Area Compressive Strength, lb/in.2(MPa)Average of Three Units Average of Three Units Individual
31、 Units Average of Three Units Individual UnitsLightweight Less than 105 (1680) 15 (240) 17 (272) 3500 (24.1) 3000 (20.7)Medium Weight 105 to less than 125(16802000)13 (208) 15 (240) 3500 (24.1) 3000 (20.7)Normal Weight 125 (2000) or more 10 (160) 12 (192) 3500 (24.1) 3000 (20.7)AAverage oven-dry den
32、sity, based on a set of three units, shall fall within ranges defined in the table to be classified as lightweight, medium weight, or normal weight.TABLE 2 Maximum Permissible Variation in Dimensions, in. (mm)Specified Dimensions, in. (mm) Permissible Variation in Dimensions,in. (mm)3 (76) and under
33、 116 (1.6)Over 3-4 (76 to 102), incl 332 (2.4)Over 4 (102) 18 (3.2)C1790 1528.3 Dimensional tolerance shall be based on tests of fly ashfacing brick of each configuration. Sample and test dimen-sional tolerance in accordance with Test Methods C140, within12 months of production of the units.8.4 Tota
34、l linear drying shrinkage shall be based on tests offly ash facing brick from the same lot, conducted in accordancewith Test Method C426, within 24 months of production of theunits.8.5 Freeze-thaw durability shall be based on tests of fly ashfacing brick made from the same lot, conducted in accordan
35、cewith Test Method C1645, within 24 months of production ofthe units. Specimens sampled shall be tested in tap water.9. Compliance9.1 If a sample fails to conform to the specified physicalrequirements, the manufacturer shall be permitted to removeunits from the shipment. A new sample, with a similar
36、configuration and dimension, shall be selected by the purchaserfrom remaining units in the shipment and tested. If the secondsample meets the specified physical requirements, the remain-ing portion of the shipment represented by the sample meetsthe specified physical requirements. If the second samp
37、le failsto meet the specified physical requirements, the remainingportion of the shipment represented by the sample fails to meetthe specified physical requirements.10. Keywords10.1 absorption; brick; compressive strength; durability; flyash; fly ash brick; fly ash facing brick; fly ash masonry unit
38、s;freeze thaw; linear drying shrinkageSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C15 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (C1790 14a) that may impact the use of this standard. (June 1, 2015)(1) Changed Note 1. (2) Changed permissible variation in dimensions (6.1).Co
39、mmittee C15 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (C1790 14) that may impact the use of this standard. (December 15, 2014)(1) Increased permissible variation in dimensions (6.1).ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent
40、 rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at
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42、s will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted b
43、y ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 153
