1、Designation: C1856/C1856M 17Standard Practice forFabricating and Testing Specimens of Ultra-HighPerformance Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1856/C1856M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers procedures for fabricating andtesting specimens in the laboratory and the field using
3、 arepresentative sample of ultra-high performance concrete(UHPC), for the purpose of determining the properties of thematerial. This practice is applicable to UHPC with a specifiedcompressive strength of at least 120 MPa (17 000 psi), withnominal maximum size aggregate of less than 5 mm 14 in.and a
4、flow between 200 and 250 mm 8 and 10 in. as measuredby the modified flow table test described in Section 6.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall
5、be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 If required results obtained from another standard arenot reported in the same system of units as used by thisstandard, it is permitted to convert those results using theconver
6、sion factors found in the SI Quick Reference Guide (1).21.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotesthat provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of this standard.1.5 This standard does not p
7、urport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. WARNINGFreshhydraulic cementitious mixture
8、s are caustic and may causechemical burns to exposed skin and tissue upon prolongedexposure.3Hand protection should be worn when handlingUHPC.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Pri
9、nciples for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete TestSpecimens in the FieldC39/C39M Test Met
10、hod for Compressive Strength of Cylin-drical Concrete SpecimensC42/C42M Test Method for Obtaining and Testing DrilledCores and Sawed Beams of ConcreteC125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-gregatesC157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of HardenedHydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete
11、C191 Test Methods for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cementby Vicat NeedleC192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete TestSpecimens in the LaboratoryC219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic CementC230/C230M Specification for Flow Table for Use in Testsof Hydraulic CementC341/C341M Practice for Pr
12、eparation and Conditioning ofCast, Drilled, or Sawed Specimens of Hydraulic-CementMortar and Concrete Used for Length Change Measure-mentsC469/C469M Test Method for Static Modulus of Elasticityand Poissons Ratio of Concrete in CompressionC512/C512M Test Method for Creep of Concrete in Com-pressionC6
13、66/C666M Test Method for Resistance of Concrete toRapid Freezing and ThawingC944/C944M Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Con-crete or Mortar Surfaces by the Rotating-Cutter Method1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concreteand ConcreteAggregates and is the direct r
14、esponsibility of Subcommittee C09.61 onTesting for Strength.Current edition approved May 15, 2017. Published June 2017. DOI: 10.1520/C1856_C1856M-17.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis standard.3See section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate
15、s and Concrete Testing,Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.02.4For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM webs
16、ite.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of I
17、nternational Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1C1202/C1202M Test Method for Electrical Indication ofConcretes Ability to Resist Chloride Ion PenetrationC1437 Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement MortarC1609/C
18、1609M Test Method for Flexural Performance ofFiber-Reinforced Concrete (Using Beam With Third-PointLoading)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer toTerminologies C125 and C219.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 concrete, ultra-
19、high performance, na cementitiousmixture that has a specified compressive strength of at least120 MPa 17 000 psi, generally containing fibers and has otherproperties measured by standard test methods that comply withspecified durability, ductility and toughness requirements.4. Significance and Use4.
20、1 This practice includes procedures for measuring prop-erties of fresh UHPC and procedures for making and testingspecimens of hardened UHPC. The practice refers to existingpractices and test methods and includes modifications to thesereferenced standards for application to UHPC.5. Sampling of Fresh
21、UHPC5.1 The sample shall be taken from the mixer following thecompletion of the mixing cycle.5.2 The sample shall be of sufficient size to complete thetesting and shall be at least 10 L 0.35 ft3.6. Testing of Fresh Properties6.1 Flow:6.1.1 Determine the flow of freshly mixed UHPC in accor-dance with
22、 Test Method C1437, with the following exceptions.6.1.1.1 The mold and flow table shall meet the requirementsof Specification C230/C230M. The concrete pedestal and corkgasket are not required.6.1.1.2 Fill the mold in a single layer with the fresh UHPC.6.1.1.3 Do not tamp the UHPC in the mold and do
23、not dropthe table.6.1.1.4 After lifting the mold, wait until a time of 2 min 65 s has elapsed.6.1.1.5 Measure the diameter of the UHPC along the linesof maximum and minimum diameter, with a ruler or tapemeasure, recording each diameter to the nearest 1 mm 116in.Calculate the average of the two diame
24、ters measured. Theflow value is this average.6.2 Time of Setting:6.2.1 Determine the time of setting in accordance with TestMethod C191, except the material used shall be UHPC pouredinto the conical ring without consolidation and at the givenconsistency referenced.NOTE 1The consistency of the UHPC s
25、ample used to determine timeof setting should be the consistency specified for the mix or project andnot the normal consistency in Test Method C191.7. Making and Curing Test Specimens7.1 General Requirements:7.1.1 If making test specimens of UHPC in the field, makeand initially cure the specimens in
26、 accordance with PracticeC31/C31M, with the exceptions described in this Practice.7.1.2 Make and cure test specimens made in the laboratoryin accordance with Practice C192/C192M, with the exceptionsdescribed in this Practice.7.1.3 Obtain specimens from structures in accordance withTest Method C42/C4
27、2M.7.1.4 The size of specimens shall comply with Section 8, assummarized in Table 1.7.2 Molding of Specimens:7.2.1 Fill cylinder molds in one layer.7.2.2 Fill prism molds from one end, in one layer.7.2.3 Consolidate all specimens by tapping the sides of themold 30 times with the mallet.7.2.4 Tamping
28、 rods and internal vibrators shall not be usedin fabricating and consolidating specimens from UHPC.7.3 Curing:7.3.1 Cure field-fabricated specimens in accordance withPractice C31/C31M and cure laboratory-fabricated specimensin accordance with Practice C192/C192M, with the followingexception.7.3.1.1
29、Within 1 min after finishing the top surface, coverthe specimen to prevent drying of the top surface.NOTE 2UHPC contains low quantities of mixing water and virtuallyno bleed water, resulting in surface drying that may impact the hardenedproperties, therefore it is important to cover the surface of t
30、he specimenwith a plastic sheet or equivalent as quickly as possible.7.4 Thermal Treatment:7.4.1 If required by the specifier of tests, specimens shall bethermally treated after demolding.7.4.2 If thermal treatment is required, place a temperaturesensor at the center of at least one cylinder.7.4.3 T
31、hermal treatment shall be conducted in accordancewith Table 2.TABLE 1 Summary of Specimen SizesProperty Test MethodNominal SpecimenSizesCommentsCompressive Strength C39/C39M 75 mm by 150 mm3 in. by 6 in.Flexural Strength C1609/C1609MSee 8.2.2 Sizes changewith fiber lengthStatic Modulus of Elasticity
32、and Poissons RatioC469/C469M 75 mm by 150 mm3 in. by 6 in.Creep in Compression C512/C512M 75 mm by 150 mm3 in. by 6 in.At least sixspecimensLength Change C157/C157MorC341/C341M75 mm by 75 mmby 285 mm3 in. by 3 in. by1114 in.Resistance to Abrasion C944/C944M Minimum size toaccommodate thedeviceResist
33、ance to Freezing andThawingC666/C666M No limits Refer to C666/C666MPenetration of ChlorideIonsC1202/C1202M100 mm 4 in.diameterC1856/C1856M 1727.4.4 During the heating and cooling down periods of thethermal treatment, the rate of the specimen temperature in-crease or decrease shall not exceed 10C/h 1
34、8F/h.7.4.5 During thermal treatment, use embedded instrumenta-tion to record the specimen temperature.NOTE 3As a minimum, one specimen cast at the same time, with thesame mixture, receiving the same thermal treatment conditions as theother specimens should contain the embedded instrumentation.8. Tes
35、ting of Hardened Specimens8.1 Compressive Strength:8.1.1 Determine the compressive strength in accordancewith Test Method C39/C39M, with the exceptions described inthis section.8.1.2 Only 75 mm 3 in. diameter by 150 mm 6 in. longcylindrical specimens shall be used for compressive strengthtesting.NOT
36、E 4If molds in SI units are required and not available, theinch-pound mold should be permitted.8.1.3 Prior to testing, all cylinders shall be end ground suchthat the ends do not depart from perpendicularity to the axis bymore than 0.5 (approximately equivalent to 1 mm in 100 mm0.05 in. in 5 in.). Th
37、e ends of the cylinders shall be groundplane to within 0.050 mm 0.002 in.8.1.4 Capping compounds and unbonded neoprene padsshall not be used.8.1.5 The diameter used for calculating the cross-sectionalarea of a cylindrical test specimen shall be determined on eachcylinder to the nearest 0.1 mm 0.04 i
38、n.NOTE 5The diameter is measured to a greater accuracy than TestMethod C39/C39M.8.1.6 Rate of LoadingThe load shall be applied at a rate ofmovement (platen to crosshead measurement) corresponding toa stress rate on the specimen of 1.0 6 0.05 MPa/s 145 6 7psi/s.NOTE 6Conventional load rates as specif
39、ied in Test Method C39/C39M would require approximately 1520 min to complete a test.NOTE 7For a 75-mm 3 in. diameter specimen, the loading rate is 2656 13 kN/min 61 500 6 3 000 lb/min.8.2 Flexural Strength:8.2.1 Determine the flexural strength of prismatic speci-mens in accordance with Test Method C
40、1609/C1609M, withthe exceptions described in this section.8.2.2 The prism specimens for measuring the flexuralstrength shall comply with Table 3.NOTE 8The results of flexural test methods are dependent on the sizeof the specimen (2, 3, 4). The results obtained using different size moldedspecimens ma
41、y not correspond to the performance of larger or smallermolded specimens, concrete in large structural units, or specimens sawnfrom such units. A difference may also occur because the degree ofpreferential fiber alignment becomes more pronounced in molded speci-mens containing fibers that are relati
42、vely long compared with thecross-sectional dimensions of the mold (5, 6, 7, 8).8.3 Static Modulus of Elasticity and Poissons Ratio:8.3.1 Determine the static modulus of elasticity and Pois-sons ratio of cylindrical specimens in accordance with testMethod C469/C469M, with the exceptions described in
43、thissection.8.3.2 The compressometer and extensometer shall use linearvariable differential transformers (LVDTs), or other sensors ofequal or greater accuracy for measuring displacement.8.3.3 The load shall be applied at the rate specified in 8.1.6of this practice.8.4 Creep in Compression:8.4.1 Dete
44、rmine the creep in compression of cylindricalspecimens in accordance with Test Method C512/C512M, withthe exceptions described in this section.8.4.2 Creep specimen end preparation shall comply with8.1.3.8.4.3 At least six 75 mm (3 inch) diameter by 150 mm (6inch) long cylindrical specimens shall be
45、used to conduct thetest.8.4.4 Creep testing shall be conducted at a sustained load of40% of the specified compressive strength of the UHPC.8.5 Length Change:8.5.1 Determine the length change of specimens in accor-dance with Test Method C157/C157M or C341/C341M, withthe exceptions described in 8.5.2.
46、8.5.2 UHPC specimen size shall be 75 mm by 75 mm by285 mm 3 in. by 3 in. by 1114 in. prisms, fabricated and curedin accordance with Section 7.8.6 Resistance to Abrasion:8.6.1 If abrasion resistance is required, determine in accor-dance with Test Method C944/C944M, using a double load of197 6 2 N 44
47、6 0.4 lbf.8.7 Resistance to Freezing and Thawing:8.7.1 Determine the resistance to freezing and thawing inaccordance with Test Method C666/C666M, ProcedureA, withthe exceptions described in this section.8.7.2 Continue testing each specimen until it has beensubjected to at least 300 cycles or until i
48、ts relative dynamicmodulus of elasticity, as defined in Test Method C666/C666M,reaches 90%, whichever occurs first, unless other limits arespecified.NOTE 9Depending on the mixture proportions and curing conditions,the UHPC specimen can contain unhydrated portland cement causing thetest results to ex
49、hibit increases in the relative dynamic modulus ofelasticity due to the possibility of the surrounding water absorption andfurther hydration of the unhydrated portland cement contained in thespecimen (9).TABLE 2 Requirements for Thermal TreatmentFiber Type UHPC Temperature RangeRelativeHumidityRangeDuration ofThermalTreatmentMetallic 90 3C 195F 5F 95 3% 481hNon-metallic 60 3C 140F 5F 95 3% 721hTABLE 3 Dimensions of Beams for Measuring Flexural StrengthMaximum Fiber Length (lf) Nominal Prism
