1、Designation: C212 14Standard Specification forStructural Clay Facing Tile1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C212; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses
2、indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers structural clay load-bearingfacing tile. Str
3、uctural facing tile are tile designed for use ininterior and exterior unplastered walls and partitions of build-ings.1.2 The property requirements of this specification apply atthe time of purchase. The use of results from testing of tileextracted from masonry structures for determining confor-mance
4、 or nonconformance to the property requirements (Sec-tion 6) of this standard is beyond the scope of this specification.1.3 Tile covered by this specification are manufactured fromclay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances andsubjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing
5、).The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond betweenthe particulate constituents to provide the strength and dura-bility requirements of this specification. (See firing and firedbond in Terminology C1232.)1.4 The text of this specification references notes andfootnotes which provide expla
6、natory material. These notes andfootnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not beconsidered as requirements of the specification.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are prov
7、ided for information onlyand are not considered standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick andStructural Clay TileC1232 Terminology of Masonry3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions relating to structural clayfacing tile, refer to Termino
8、logy C1232.4. Classification4.1 Two types of structural clay facing tile are covered, asfollows:4.1.1 Type FTXSmooth-face tile suitable for general usein exposed exterior and interior masonry walls and partitions,and adapted for use where tile low in absorption, easilycleaned, and resistant to stain
9、ing are required, and where a highdegree of mechanical perfection, narrow color range, andminimum variation in face dimensions are desired.4.1.2 Type FTSSmooth- or rough-texture face tile suitablefor general use in exposed exterior and interior masonry wallsand partitions and adapted for use where t
10、ile of moderateabsorption, moderate variation in face dimensions, and me-dium color range are permitted, and where minor defects insurface finish, including small handling chips, are not objec-tionable.4.2 Two classes of structural clay facing tile are covered, asfollows:4.2.1 StandardTile suitable
11、for general use in exterior orinterior masonry walls and partitions.4.2.2 Special DutyTile suitable for general use in exterioror interior masonry walls and partitions, and designed to havesuperior resistance to impact and moisture transmission and tosupport greater lateral and compressive loads tha
12、n standard tileconstruction.5. Ordering Information5.1 Orders for material under this specification shall includethe following information:5.1.1 TypeSee 4.1.5.1.2 ClassSee 4.2. When class is not specified, therequirements for standard tile shall govern. If special duty tileare desired, the words “sp
13、ecial duty” shall be included in thespecifications. Special duty tile shall be accepted in lieu ofstandard tile except where the extra weight is an importantfactor in the loading of supporting members.5.1.3 Texture and ColorSee Section 8.5.1.4 SizesSee Section 9. Sizes shall be as specified.1This sp
14、ecification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 onManufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC15.02 on Brick and Structural Clay Tile.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2014. Published February 2014. Originallyapproved in 1946. Last previous edition approved
15、 in 2013 as C21213. DOI:10.1520/C0212-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Change
16、s section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.1.5 Number of FacesIf two-face tile are desired, thisshall be stated by the purchaser; otherwise, single-face tile maybe furnished.NOTE 1Se
17、e Section 13 for supplementary requirements applying totwo-face tile.6. Physical Properties6.1 Absorption:6.1.1 The tile shall conform to one of the requirements forwater absorption of the type specified as prescribed in Table 1.6.1.2 For Type FTS tile for use in masonry not exposed tofrost action o
18、r in exposed masonry walls with an outside facingof 3 in. (76.2 mm) or more of stone, brick, or other masonry,limitations on absorption shall be waived.6.2 Compressive Strength:6.2.1 The tile shall conform to the requirements for com-pressive strength of the class specified as prescribed in Table 2.
19、6.2.2 Special duty tile shall be accepted in lieu of standardtile except where the extra weight is an important factor in theloading of supporting members.7. Dimensions and Permissible Variations7.1 Tolerances on DimensionsThe average size of the tilefurnished shall approximate closely the size spec
20、ified in theinvitation for bids. The dimensions of individual tile shall notdiffer from the specified standard dimensions for the typespecified by more than the amounts given in Table 3.7.2 Tolerances on WarpageWarpage of face or edges ofindividual tile from a plane surface or from a straight line,r
21、espectively, shall not exceed the amounts shown in Table 4 forthe type specified.8. Finish and Appearance8.1 The body of all tile shall be of clay, shale, fire clay, ormixtures of these materials with or without admixtures, burnedto meet the requirements of this specification. The body of alltile sh
22、all be free of cracks longer than one fourth of thedimension of the tile in the direction of the crack. The face orfaces that will be exposed when in place shall be free of cracksthat extend through the thickness of the face shell and free ofchips that exceed the limits given in Table 5, except that
23、percentages of the shipment are allowed additional chippagewhich shall not exceed the limits given in Table 6. The tile shallbe free of other imperfections detracting from the appearanceof the finished wall when viewed under diffused lighting at adistance of 10 ft (3.04 m) for Type FTX and at a dist
24、ance of 15ft (4.57 m) for Type FTS.8.2 Plaster Base FinishSurfaces of tile for plaster-basefinish shall be smooth, scored, combed, or roughened. Whensmooth, the tile shall be free of glaze and the absorption shallbe not less than5%.When scored, each groove shall be notless than116 in. (1.6 mm) nor m
25、ore than14 in. (6.4 mm) indepth and not more than 1 in. (25.4 mm) in width. The areacovered by grooves shall not exceed 50 % of the area of thescored faces. When combed, the tile shall be scratched orscarified, prior to burning, by mechanical means which shallmake scratches or scarifications on the
26、surface of the tile notless than116 in. (1.6 mm) nor more than18 in. (3.2 mm) indepth, and not more than14 in. apart. When roughened, the dieskin on the face of the tile shall be entirely broken byTABLE 1 Maximum Water AbsorptionTypeBy 24-h Submersion in ColdWater, %By 1-h Boiling, %Average Individu
27、al Average IndividualFTX 7.0 9.0 9.0 11.0FTS 13.0 16.0 16.0 19.0TABLE 2 Compressive Strength Based on Gross AreaClassEnd-Construction Tile Side-Construction TileMinimum Averageof Five Tests, psi(MPa)IndividualMinimum, psi(MPa)MinimumAverage ofFive Tests,psi (MPa)IndividualMinimum, psi(MPa)Standard 1
28、400 (9.7) 1000 (6.9) 700 (4.8) 500 (3.4)Special duty 2500 (17.2) 2000 (13.8) 1200 (8.3) 1000 (6.9)TABLE 3 Tolerances on DimensionsSpecified Unit Dimension,in. (mm)Maximum Permissible Variation from SpecifiedUnit Dimension, plus or minus, in. (mm)FTX FTS3 (76.2) and under116 (1.6)332 (2.4)Over 3 to 4
29、 (76.2 to 101.6), incl332 (2.4)216 (3.2)Over 4 to 6 (101.6 to 152.4), incl216 (3.2)316 (4.8)Over 6 to 8 (152.4 to 203.2), incl532 (4.0)416 (6.4)Over 8 to 12 (203.2 to 304.8), incl732 (5.6)516 (7.9)Over 12 to 16 (304.8 to 406.4), incl932 (7.1)616 (9.5)TABLE 4 Tolerances on WarpageMaximum Face Dimensi
30、ons(Height or Length), in. (mm)Maximum Permissible Warpage,in. (mm)TypeFTXTypeFTS8 (203.2) and under332 (2.4)432 (3.2)Over 8 to 12 (203.2 to 304.8), incl432 (3.2)632 (4.8)Over 12 to 16 (304.8 to 406.4), incl632 (4.8)832 (6.4)TABLE 5 Maximum Permissible Extent of Chippage From theEdges and Corners of
31、 Finished Face or Faces Into the SurfacesTypeChippage in inches (millimetres) in fromEdge CornerFTX14 (3.2)14 (6.4)FTS (smooth)A 14 (6.4)38 (9.5)FTS (rough)B 516 (7.9)12 (12.7)ASmooth texture is the unbroken natural die finish.BRough texture is the finish produced when the face is sanded, combed,scr
32、atched, or scarified, or the die skin on the face is entirely broken by mechanicalmeans, such as wire cutting or wire brushing.TABLE 6 Percentages of Shipment Allowed Chippage OverMaximum Permissible in Table 5TypePercentageAllowableChippage in inches(millimetres) in fromEdge CornerFTX 514 (6.4)38 (
33、9.5)FTS (smooth) 10516 (7.9)12 (12.7)FTS (rough) 15716 (11.1)34 (19.1)C212 142mechanical means, such as wire cutting or wire brushing. (Thedie skin is visible within the cells of the tile.)8.3 Type FTXThe face or faces of all tile that will beexposed when in place shall have a smooth and unbrokennat
34、ural die finish. (The die finish is visible within the cells ofthe tile.) The color range of the finished faces shall conform toan approved sample consisting of not less than five stretchertile fully representing the range of shade.8.4 Type FTSThe texture of the finished surface that willbe exposed
35、when in place shall conform to an approved sampleconsisting of not less than five stretcher tile, each representingthe texture desired. The approximate color range shall beindicated by an approved sample consisting of not less thanfive stretcher tile.NOTE 2Facing tile are not ordinarily available in
36、 uniform (straightrange) colors. Samples submitted for approval should include the ex-tremes of the color ranges that will be furnished, unless full burning range(kiln run) is acceptable.9. Sizes and Shapes9.1 The tile shall be of the sizes and shapes specified.10. Coring10.1 Requirements as to cori
37、ng shall apply to multicored tileonly. Multicored tile (Fig. 1) shall contain hollow spaces(cores) which are enclosed within the perimeter of the exteriorshells and have a cross-sectional area of not more than 112 in.2(9.7 cm2).10.2 The type of coring is optional with each manufacturer.The distance
38、from the perimeter of the core to the face of thetile shall be not less than34 in. (19.1 mm) except in tile that aredesigned to be split for fractional lengths where the maximumdistance from the face of the tile to the perimeter of the kerfingcores shall be not less than12 in. (12.7 mm).11. Size and
39、 Number of Cells11.1 Requirements as to number of cells in direction of wallthickness and as to shell and web thickness shall apply tohollow tile only. Hollow tile (Fig. 2) shall contain hollowspaces (cells) which are enclosed within the perimeter of theexterior shells and have a minimum dimension g
40、reater than12in. (12.7 mm) and a cross-sectional area greater than 112 in.2(9.7 cm2). End-construction tile are designed to be placed inthe wall with axes of the cells vertical. Side-construction tileare designed to be placed in the wall with the axes of the cellshorizontal. Where end-construction t
41、ile are used on the sidethey shall conform to the requirements of side-construction tileand vice versa.11.2 Hollow tile shall conform to the following require-ments as to number of cells in the direction of wall thickness:Nominal Horizontal Minimum Number ofThickness of Tile as Laid Cells in Directi
42、onin Wall, in. (mm) of Wall Thickness4 (101.6) 16 (152.4) 28 (203.2) 210 (254.0) 312 (304.8) 3The following tile shall be considered as having one addi-tional cell in the direction of wall thickness:11.2.1 Standard double-shell tile, provided the combinedwidth of the voids between exterior and inter
43、ior side shells onboth sides of the tile is not less than12 in. (12.7 mm) and thecombined thickness of the short webs between inner and outershells is not greater than that of the long transverse websholding the inner shells.11.2.2 All special duty double-shell tile, also special dutysolid and cored
44、-shell tile having face shells at least 112 in.(38.1 mm) thick on both sides of the tile.11.3 Width of CellThe width of any cell in side-construction tile, measured in the direction of wall thickness,shall not exceed 412 times the average overall thickness ofeither the upper or lower bearing shells.
45、12. Shell and Web Thickness12.1 Side Shells of Standard TileThe thickness of the sideshells of standard tile shall be not less than the values shown inTable 7 applying to the direction of cells in the wall (see Fig.2). The thickness of exposed end shells of standard end-construction tile shall be no
46、t less than the thickness of the sideshells shown in Table 7. The net thickness of interior end shellsfor end-construction tile, exclusive of scoring, shall be not lessthan12 in. (12.7 mm).12.2 Side Shells of Special-Duty TileThe thickness of theside shells of special duty tile shall be not less tha
47、n the valuesshown in Table 7 for the proper direction of the cells in the wall(see Fig. 2). The thickness of end shells of special-dutyend-construction tile shall be not less than34 in. (19.1 mm).12.3 Webs, Bearing Shells, and Recessed EndsFor stan-dard and special-duty tile, the thickness of webs s
48、hall be notless than12 in. (12.7 mm), except that the short webs betweenthe inner and outer shells of double shells shall be not less than14 in. (6.4 mm); also, the net thickness of the top and bottomshells in side-construction tile and of end shells in end-construction tile, which are recessed not
49、less than12 in., shallbe not less than12 in. (see Fig. 2).FIG. 1 Multicored Tile (4-in. Thickness)C212 14312.4 Cored ShellsIn cored shells, the distance from theperimeter of the core to the exposed face surface of the shellshall be not less than38 in. (9.5 mm) (see Fig. 2). The volumeof the shell cores shall not exceed 35 % of the gross volume ofthe face shell. The cross-sectional area of any shell core shallbe not greater than 1 in.2(6.5 cm2).12.5 Double ShellsIn double shells of side-construction orend-const
