1、Designation: C219 07aC219 13Standard Terminology Relating toHydraulic Cement1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C219; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthes
2、es indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This terminology defines terms relating to hydraulic cements, their components, characteristics, properties, and the testingthereof. Some terms may have
3、wider application than just to hydraulic cement.1.2 See individual standards for terms applicable primarily therein, including meanings that may be more restrictive than thosegiven here, and for explanations and descriptions of terms as they apply to those standards.1.3 This standard does not purpor
4、t to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C11 Ter
5、minology Relating to Gypsum and Related Building Materials and SystemsC51 Terminology Relating to Lime and Limestone (as used by the Industry)C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete AggregatesC294 Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Concrete AggregatesC1328 Specification for Plas
6、tic (Stucco) CementC1329 Specification for Mortar Cement2.2 ACI Standard:ACI 116R Cement and Concrete Terminology33. Significance and Use3.1 In definitions of cements, ingredients are cited only when they are inherent to the definition, for example portland-pozzolancement. For ingredients and their
7、quantity limits, if any, that are permitted or prohibited by a specification for a particular cement,see the applicable specification for that cement.3.2 In definitions of materials including cements, the method of production is included only if it is inherent to the definition.3.3 Related terms may
8、 be found in other terminology documents such as Terminology C11, Terminology C51, TerminologyC125, and ACI 116R.4. Terminologyaddition, na material that is interground or blended in limited amounts into a hydraulic cement during manufacture.DISCUSSIONTwo classes of additions are recognized as defin
9、ed below.functional addition,nan addition introduced to modify one or more properties of a hydraulic cement.air-entraining addition,na functional addition that will entrain air in mortar or concrete.1 This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on Cement and is the direct respon
10、sibility of Subcommittee C01.91 on Terminology.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007June 15, 2013. Published December 2007July 2013. Originally approved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2007 asC219 07.C219 07a. DOI: 10.1520/C0219-07A.10.1520/C0219-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit t
11、heASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington Hills, MI 48333-9094,
12、http:/www.aci-int.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that u
13、sers consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Cons
14、hohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1processing addition,nan addition introduced to aid in the manufacture or handling, or both, of a hydraulic cement.air-entraining addition, nsee addition;functional addition;air-entraining additionair content, nof freshly mixed mortar the volume of air (and othe
15、r gases) in mortar, expressed as a percentage of total volumeof mortar.air-entraining hydraulic cement, na hydraulic cement containing an air-entraining addition in such amount as to cause air tobe entrained in mortar within specified limits when measured by the prescribed method.alkali equivalent,n
16、deprecated term; see equivalent alkalies.aluminous cement,ndeprecated term.anhydrite,nsee calcium sulfate.blast-furnace slag, nthe nonmetallic product, consisting essentially of silicates and aluminosilicates of calcium and other bases,that is developed in a molten condition simultaneously with iron
17、 in a blast furnace.blended hydraulic cement, na hydraulic cement consisting of two or more inorganic constituents (at least one of which is notportland cement or portland cement clinker) which separately or in combination contribute to the strength-gaining properties ofthe cement, (made with or wit
18、hout other constituents, processing additions and functional additions, by intergrinding or otherblending).portland blast-furnace slag cement, na hydraulic cement consisting of an intimately interground mixture intimate and uniformblend of portland cement and granulated blast-furnace slag or slag ce
19、ment produced by intergrinding portland cement clinker andgranulated blast-furnace slag or an intimate and uniform blend of slag cement, by blending portland cement and fine granulatedblast-furnace slag slag cement, or a combination of intergrinding and blending, in which the amount of the slag gran
20、ulatedblast-furnace slag or slag cement constituent is within specified limits.portland-pozzolan cement, na hydraulic cement consisting of an intimate and uniform blend of portland cement or portlandblast-furnace slag cement and fine pozzolan produced by intergrinding portland cement clinker and poz
21、zolan, by blending portlandcement or portland blast-furnace slag cement and finely divided pozzolan, or a combination of intergrinding and blending, in whichthe amount of the pozzolan constituent is within specified limits.blending, nin hydraulic cement manufacture, a process in which two or more in
22、gredients are combined into an intimate anduniform product of finely divided dry material, as by intergrinding or mixing, or both.calcium sulfate, nin cement manufacture, a material composed essentially of calcium sulfate in one or more of its hydrationstates: anhydrite (CaSO4), gypsum (CaSO42H2O),
23、or calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CaSO412 H2O).cementitious material, (hydraulic), nan inorganic material or a mixture of inorganic materials that sets and develops strengthby chemical reaction with water by formation of hydrates and that is capable of doing so underwater.cement paste, nan unhardened
24、or hardened mixture of finely divided hydraulic cementious material and water.early stiffening, nrapid loss of plasticity or rapid development of rigidity in freshly mixed hydraulic cement paste, mortar, orconcrete.false set,nwith little evolution of heat, which can be dispelled by further mixing wi
25、thout the addition of water.flash set,nwith evolution of considerable heat, which cannot be dispelled by further mixing without the addition of water.equivalent alkalies, Na2Oeq,nin hydraulic cement, the total of sodium and potassium oxides as calculated from the chemicalanalysis, and using the form
26、ula:Na2Oeq = % Na2O + 0.658 % K2O.DISCUSSIONUsed to indicate the levels of alkalies in a material when only Na2O and K2O are considered. The value, 0.658, is the molecular ratio of Na2O to K2O.Alkali equivalent, soda equivalent, and sodium equivalent are deprecated terms.expansive hydraulic cement,
27、na hydraulic cement that forms a paste when mixed with water, and increases in volume acontrolled amount during the early hardening period occurring after setting.DISCUSSIONExpansive hydraulic cements are used to compensate for volume decrease due to shrinkage or to induce tensile stress in concrete
28、 reinforcement.C219 132false setsee early stiffeningflash setsee early stiffeningfog room, na moist room in which the humidity is controlled by atomization of water.gage length, nin cement testing, the nominal length between the innermost ends of metal studs that are molded into a testspecimen with
29、the axis of the stud in each end of the test specimen coincident with the longitudinal axis of the test specimenand with each other.granulated blast-furnace slag, nthe glassy, granular material formed when molten blast-furnace slag is rapidly chilled, as byimmersion in water.gypsum, nsee calcium sul
30、fate.hydration, nthe chemical reaction between hydraulic cement and water forming new compounds most of which havestrength-producing properties.hydraulic cement, na cement that sets and hardens by chemical reaction with water and is capable of doing so under water.hydraulic mortar, ndeprecated term;
31、 see mortar.length change, nin cement testing, an increase or decrease in linear dimension due to causes other than applied load, usuallymeasured along the longitudinal axis of a test specimen and expressed as a percentage of a gage length.lime-saturated water, nfor curing test specimens, water cont
32、aining calcium hydroxide at saturation and in contact with solidcalcium hydroxide so that saturation is maintained.lot, na quantity of a single material that is considered as a unit, such as that manufactured during a single production run, offeredat one time for sale, or offered at one time for ins
33、pection, or the contents of one or more transport containers drawn from oneor more bins of material from a single production run, sequentially packaged from one or more bins, or a group of samplessecured from one of the above.masonry cement, na hydraulic cement manufactured for use in mortars for ma
34、sonry construction or in plasters, or both, whichcontains a plasticizing material and, possibly, other performance-enhancing addition(s).moist room, nan enclosed room for storage and curing of paste, mortar, and concrete specimens in which temperature and highrelative humidity can be controlled with
35、in specified limits.mortar, na mixture of finely divided hydraulic cementitious material, fine aggregate, and water in either the unhardened orhardened state; hydraulic mortar.mortarcement, na hydraulic cement manufactured for use in masonry mortar designed for specific bond and air content criteria
36、.DISCUSSIONMortar cement is similar to masonry cement but must meet bond strength and air content criteria. See Specification C1329 for limitations.natural cement, na hydraulic cement produced by calcining a naturally occurring argillaceous limestone at a temperature belowthe sintering point and the
37、n grinding to a fine powder.DISCUSSIONArgillaceous limestone is described in Standard C294.normalconsistency, na degree of plasticity of a hydraulic-cement paste that is appropriate for testing as measured by a stipulatedmethod.DISCUSSIONThe result of tests for normal consistency is reported as the
38、mass of water required to achieve this plasticity divided by the mass of hydraulic cement,expressed as a percentage.plaster, nhydraulic cement, a mixture of hydraulic cement, fine aggregate and water that hardens; used for coating surfaces, suchas ceilings, walls and partitions.plastic cement, na hy
39、draulic cement used in plaster or stucco.C219 133DISCUSSIONSee Specification C1328 for limitations on materials or properties pertaining to cement under that specification.portland cement, na hydraulic cement produced by pulverizing clinker, consisting essentially of crystalline hydraulic calciumsil
40、icates, and usually containing one or more of the following: water, calcium sulfate, up to 5 % limestone, and processingadditions.portland-cement clinker, na clinker, partially fused by pyroprocessing, consisting predominantly of crystalline hydrauliccalcium silicates.pozzolan, na siliceous or silic
41、eous and aluminous material, which in itself possesses little or no cementitious value but will, infinely divided form and in the presence of moisture, chemically react with calcium hydroxide at ordinary temperatures to formcementitious hydrates.saturated-lime water, nsee lime-saturated water.slag c
42、ement, na hydraulic cement consisting predominantly of ground, granulated blast-furnace slag.stucco, na hydraulic cement plaster containing fine aggregate, used for coating exterior surfaces.5. Keywords5.1 cement terminology; definitions; hydraulic cement terminology; terminology; termsSUMMARY OF CH
43、ANGESCommittee C01 has identified the location of selected changes to this terminology since the last issue,C219 07C219 07a, that may impact the use of this terminology. (Approved December 1, 2007)June 15, 2013)(1) Revised the term definition for lime-saturated water.portland blast-furnace slag ceme
44、nt.Committee C01 has identified the location of selected changes to this terminology since the last issue,C219 031, that may impact the use of this terminology. (Approved February 1, 2007)(1) Revised the term equivalent alkalies.(2) Revised the term portland cement.This standard is subject to revisi
45、on at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your com
46、ments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyright
47、ed by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).C219 134
